Job Recruitment Website - Ranking of immigration countries - What was the ancient population of China?
What was the ancient population of China?
According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, the Shang Dynasty began to implement the population registration system, and there was a record of "boarding the people" or "boarding the people", that is, temporarily recruiting soldiers. The article "Shangshu Todos" said: "Only the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty had records and codes", which shows that there were people at that time. This can be regarded as the bud of China's household registration system.
The original method of population registration was founded in the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to Zhou Li Qiu Guan Simin, "there are more people in Simin's hands than their own teeth. It's all written in the edition, arguing about their country, their contempt and their countryside. Unlike his men and women, he was born at 18 years old and died at 18 years old. Three years later, the same number of people wrote to Scott. Scott and Meng Dong presented them to the king on the day when they sacrificed to Simin. Wang Baizhi went to Tianfu. " The Zhou Dynasty had the rudiment of the household registration system.
The period from the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the beginning of the Warring States Period (48 1-453 BC) was an era of rapid development of ancient traditional agriculture in China, and it was also the foundation of the later traditional farming civilization. During this period, the population of the vassal States grew steadily at a relatively fast speed, and by the first 230 years, the total population of the Central Plains countries reached about 30 million. Since then, it has continued to grow until the end of the Qin Dynasty before the uprising.
It is estimated that the world population in BC 1000 was 50 million. It is estimated that the world population in 500 BC was 654.38+0 billion, and the population of Achaemenid Empire in Persia was 25 million this year. It is estimated that the world population in 400 BC is 654.38+62 billion. It is estimated that the world population in 200 BC is 654.38+90.5 billion. It is estimated that the peacock dynasty in India in 265 BC had a population of 50 million.
surname
With the maturity of the feudal system, the household registration system is becoming more and more perfect. As we all know, the population has become the foundation of the country. Sixteen years ago (23 1 year ago), it was stipulated that men should register their age regardless of whether they were adults or not. [ 1]
In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang (the first 22 years1year), the great cause of unifying the six countries was finally completed, and then the territory continued to expand. By the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (the first 2 10 year), the total population of the country was about 30 million. It is estimated that the world population will be 200 million this year, and the population of Qin Dynasty accounts for 15% of the world population.
During the civil strife at the end of Qin Dynasty and the Chu-Han War, the social and economic production of the whole country was seriously damaged, a large number of people died and people's livelihood was depressed. All parts of the country are miserable and depressed, and the prosperity of the original densely populated areas is gone. According to "Historical Records", "By the time Han Zu settled the world, there were millions of casualties, only 300,000 Pingcheng, one of the six countries, and five countries were two"; This can reflect the fact that a large number of people died.
Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD)
In the early history of China, agricultural development was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where the population was the densest and the economy was the most developed, so the national population distribution pattern was more in the north and less in the south.
If the Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains are the boundaries, the population of North China is over 85%, and that of South China is less than 15%. The five states of Si, Yu, Ji, Yan, Qing and Xu, which have a population of over 5 million, are located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the total population of these five states accounts for 55% of the whole country. The population density around the capital Chang 'an is about 0/000 people per square kilometer/kloc. There are four states with a population of less than 2 million: Jiaozhou, Liangzhou, Binhe and Shuofang. Yang, Jing and Yi are mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain, Nanyang Basin, Taihu Plain and Ningshao Plain.
In the first year of Taizu (the first 202 years), Liu Bang, the victorious Hanwang in the Chu-Han War, proclaimed himself emperor, unified the world and established the Han Dynasty. According to contemporary scholars' estimation, the population is about 6.5438+0.65 million. It accounts for 8.66% of the world population this year.
After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the political measures of Huang Lao politics and people's livelihood, especially the rapid development of Wen Jing's rule, it reached 36 million in the sixth year of Xiaowu Yuanguang (129), and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the most densely populated area in China, increased by 2.5 times in these 60 years, showing a prosperous scene that has not been seen for many years.
Since the sixth year of Yuanguang (BC 129), the population has stagnated and declined for many years since the middle of Emperor Wu, and it only reached 32 million in the second year of Emperor Wu's conscription (the first 9 1 year). After Zhao Xuanzhongxing's recuperation, the economic situation of the country that was on the verge of collapse in the later period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was reversed, the society was stable, and the population began to increase again during this period. In the second year of Emperor Yuan of Hanping, according to Hanshu, there were12,366,470 households, 5767 1 40/person.
In the first year of Han Taizu (202 BC),16.5 million people.
There were 36 million people in the sixth year of Yuanguang (before 129).
In the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (9 1), there were 32 million people.
In the third year of Emperor Xuandi (the first 67 years), there were 40 million people.
In the fourth year of Emperor Zhao Jian of the Han and Yuan Dynasties (the first 36 years),12,233,062 households with 59,594,978 people.
In the second year of Emperor Hanping (2 years),12,366,470 households, 5767 1, 40 1 person.
Xin Mang
There was no specific population survey during the period of Xin Mang, and it was estimated that there were 56 million people in the whole country during the five-year period of Tianfeng in Xin Mang (17). However, in the fifth year of Tianfeng in Xin Mang (17), the Red Eyebrow Uprising in Greenwood broke out, followed by bonfires everywhere, and a large number of people in the Central Plains migrated or died, or migrated to the Yangtze River basin to escape the war. South of China. There are four States with a population of over 5 million, namely, Henan, Jing, Yang and Yi. While the population in the south is increasing, the population in most counties in the north is decreasing.
It is estimated that the world population was 272.27 million in the first year of A.D. (1), and the proportion of Han population in the world population in this year was 2 1. 18%.
In the first 25 years, the Roman Empire had 2.7 million square kilometers of land and a population of 56.8 million. 1 17, the Roman empire had 5.9 million square kilometers of land and 88 million people. In 395, the Eastern Roman Empire had 2.5 million square kilometers of land and 34 million people.
Eastern Han Dynasty
In the first year of Jianwu (25 years), Emperor Guangwu estimated that there were 28 million people in China.
In the second year (57 years) of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, there were 4,279,634 households with 2 1 0,007,820 people.
In the eighteenth year of Han Yongping (75 years), there were 5860573 households, 34 12502 1 person.
In the second year of Zhanghe of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty (88 years), there were 7456784 households with 43356367 people.
In the first year of Emperor Xing in the Han and Yuan Dynasties (105), there were 9237 1 12 households with 53,256,029 people.
In four years in Yan Guang (125), there were 9,647,838 households with 4,869.89 people.
In the third year of Emperor Yonghe of Hanshun (138), it was estimated that there were 10736000 households with 5386000 people.
In the fifth year of Emperor Yonghe of Hanshun (140), there were 9,698,630 households and 49150,220 people.
In the first year of Han Jiankang (144), there were 99469 15 households with 49730550 people.
In the first year of Yongjia (145), there were 9,937,680 households and 49,524183 people.
In the first year (146), there were 9348227 households with 47566772 people.
Long live Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty for three years (157),/kloc-0,677,960 households with 56,486,856 people. Source: The Book of Jin Geography.
It is estimated that there were 65,438+0,000,000 households and 55,000,000 people in the seven years of Han Guanghe (65,438+084).
It is estimated that the world population will be 223 million in 2000, and the Han population will account for 15.7% of the world after this year.
In the 22nd year of Jian 'an (265,438+07), Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty estimated that there were 3 million households, about 65,438+05,000,000 people.
Three Kingdoms
Since the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (184), it has entered a period of frequent plagues and wars, and the population size and distribution pattern of the whole country have undergone major changes. The Yellow River basin has been repeatedly hit by wars, and the population has either moved out to take refuge or died. According to the records handed down from ancient times, by the time Shu Han perished (263), the total population was about 8.2 million. After that, the population collapsed until the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (157), the population reached its peak, with a private household population of 56.48 million. After the Yellow Scarf Uprising and Dong Zhuo Rebellion, warlords, large and small, scuffled. By the end of the Three Kingdoms (263), the population of private households was only about 7.67 million, including 4.43 million on the eve of the destruction of Shu in 263, 940,000 on the eve of the destruction of Shu, and 230 in Wu. According to historical records, in 263, Shu had102,000 soldiers and 40,000 officials, and in 280, Wu had 230,000 soldiers and 32,000 officials. Even counting these, the total population is only 7.93 million. In the state of Wei in 263, it was estimated that there were 300,000 to 400,000 soldiers and officials wearing armor. In other words, the total population of civilian families in the Three Kingdoms period was about 7.67 million. Together with the armored soldiers and officials of the three countries, the total population is estimated to be 8.2-8.3 million.
The data of ancient household registration rule only included private households, that is to say, the number of private households dropped sharply from 56.48 million in 157 to 7.67 million in 263, and the wastage rate exceeded 85%. 7.67 million is still the data after more than 40 years of stability in the three countries. In 220, the population of the three countries will probably be even smaller. It can be seen that the warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was fierce.
According to historical records such as The History of the Three Kingdoms, The Book of Jin and The General Code, the population data of the three countries are as follows:
Wei population
In 263, Cao Huan, Emperor of Wei Yuan, destroyed Shu in four years. Previously, there were 663,423 households with 443,2881person. After Shu was destroyed, there were 943,423 households with 537,2881person. Source: Tongdian World Goods VII.
Shu population
In the first year of Zhangwu (220), Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han, had 200,000 households and 900,000 people. Source: The Book of Jin Geography.
In the first year of Yan Xing, the ruler of Liu Chan in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties (263), there were 280,000 households with 940,000 people. In addition, there are 65,438 armored soldiers+002,000 and 40,000 officials, totaling1.0800. Source: The data in Wang Yin's Ji Shu are quoted from the seventh volume of Tongdian Shihuo and the third note of the annals of the Three Kingdoms and Shu, and the data about the population of Shu in 263 are the same.
Population of Wu state
In 242, Sun Quan, the Emperor of Soochow, lived in Chiwu, with 523,000 households and 2.4 million people. Source: The Book of Jin Geography.
Empress Sun Haotian of Wu Zetian reigned for four years (280), with 523,000 households and 2.3 million people. In addition, there are 230,000 armored soldiers and 32,000 officials, totaling 2.567 million. Source: The data in "Yang Jinqiu" is quoted from the third note of "The History of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Zhi".
In 263, the total population of Wei Shuwu was only about 7.67 million, only 65.438+057, while that of Han Yongshou (65.438+057) was 56.48 million. In 220, when the Three Kingdoms are established, the population will be less than 7.67 million.
Jin dynasty editor
In the first year of Taikang (280), Emperor Wu of Jin destroyed Wu and unified the whole country. According to Jin Shu Geography, there were 2,459,840 households in the first year of Taikang (280), 16,163,863 people.
In the third year of Jin Taikang (282), the household registration survey was 3.77 million households with about 23.8 million people.
During the reign of Han, Zhao and Liu Cong (3 10-3 18), there were about 2.48 million households in China, with12.4 million people.
The unification of the Western Jin Dynasty lasted only eleven years, and then the Eight Kings Rebellion and the famous Five Rebellions in history led to the disappearance of 80% of the population in North China within eight years.
After the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the people of the Central Plains moved southward in large numbers to escape the war, and there were six climaxes of southward migration, totaling 900,000 people, which led to the establishment of a large number of overseas Chinese States in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Liu Cong of the Han Dynasty (July 3 10-July 31July 8), there were about 630,000 households with a population of about 3150,000. It is estimated that there are 7 million people in North China and 5.4 million people in Eastern Jin. National total12.4 million.
When the post-Zhao Dynasty perished (35 1), the Han population in North China was insufficient 1 10,000.
According to Records of Sixteen Countries in the Spring and Autumn Period-Pre-Qin Period, there were 2,458,669 households and 9,987,935 people in eleven years (370 years). At this time, there were 8 million people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with a total of 17987935. The population of North China has resumed growth to a certain extent.
1 Southern and Northern Dynasties
Southern Dynasties
According to the historical documents of population in the Southern Dynasties, only the Book of Song recorded that the registered population of Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty in the eighth year of Daming (464) was 9017.69 million and 51740.74 million. The census statistics at that time were greatly influenced by the number of hidden people, so this figure could not reflect the reality.
In the second year of Yongchuan (42 1), Emperor Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty estimated that there were 20 million in China.
In the 17th year of Emperor Yuanjia of the Southern Song Dynasty (440), it was estimated that there were 23.7 million people in China.
At the time of the largest population in the Southern Dynasties, according to modern research, there were 1 1030000 people in Datong, Liang Wudi in five years (539).
In 548, in September of the second year of Taiqing, Liang Wudi, Hou Jing rebelled, which led to the disappearance of thousands of miles of smoke in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the gathering of white bones like a mountain dragon. .
After the disaster, the population of Nanliang was only 1,100000. The social and economic achievements of Sanwu area, which has been widely developed since Wu Dong, were wiped out in the post-Beijing Rebellion which lasted for three years and eight months.
It was not until the establishment of the Chen Dynasty in Chen Baxian and the reign of Xuan Di (about 577 years) that it reached 600,000 households with 2.4 million people.
Northern Dynasties
According to 13, all family members, handmaiden and adopted son were registered from Huang (1-3 years old) and Xiao (4-9 years old) to Lao (over 60 years old) and Hou (disabled, disabled and sick). [ 1]
Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty extended his life for five years; Beiliang Hecheng seven years; Sixteen years of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty; In the fourth year of Qiu Chi Jianyi (439), the Northern Liang Dynasty was destroyed and the Northern Dynasty began. At this time, the social and economic production in the areas ruled by the Northern Wei Dynasty was restored to some extent.
In the ninth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (485), the system of land equalization was implemented. In the year of Emperor Xiaoming and Zheng Guangyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty (520), the population of Feng Taihou reached 5 million, with a peak of about 30 million people.
2. When the Northern Wei Dynasty split after the Zhu Rong Rebellion (534), there were 3,375,368 households. In the first year of Northern Qi Dynasty (577), there were 3,032,528 households with 20,006,880 people.
There were 3.599 million households and 90096 14 people in the Dading period of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (58 1 year). It is estimated that the actual population is about18 million.
1 Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was founded in the first year of Emperor Wendi (58 1), with 4622528 households and 290 16484 households directly controlled by the government. The actual population is estimated at 32 million.
In the ninth year of Emperor Wendi (589), there were 500,000 households and 2 million people. At this time, there are 7 million households with a population of about 40 million.
In the eighteenth year of Emperor Wendi (598), there were about 8.7 million households with 44.5 million people.
In the fourth year of Emperor Wendi (604), there were 9.04 million households.
In the fifth year of Yang Di the Great (609), there were 8907546 households with 460 19956 people.
According to Geography of Sui Shu, there are 9,073,926 households in China.
Tang dynasty editor
In the first year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (6 18), there were 1.8 million households.
Tang Gaozu Wude five years (622) 2190,000 households.
In the second year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (628), there were 2.9 million households.
In the 13th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (639), there were 304 1, 87 1 household, 12, 35 1, 68 1 person.
In the 13th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (754), there were 9069 154 households with 52,880,488 people. Source of data: Lessons Learned from Mutual Learning.
In the 13th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (754), there were 96 19254 households with 52,880,488 people. Source: Old Tang Books
In the 14th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755), there were 8914,709 households and 52919,309 people.
Du You, a historian at that time, estimated that the population of the Tang Dynasty was between12 million and13 million, and the population was between 69 million and 75 million.
During the Huang Chao Rebellion (875-884), more than 8.3 million people died.
The total population of Tang Aidi in three years is 20 million (907).
13 Editor of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries
After Huainan, Zhou Shizong showed virtue for five years (958)] 226,574 households, and the Southern Tang Dynasty cut the land of Hebei.
In Zhou Shizong's six years (959), there were 2,309,865,438+02 households.
Jingnan (963),142,300 households.
There were 97,388 households in Hunan (963).
After Shu (965), there were 534,029 households.
South Korea (97 1 year), 170263 households.
There were 655,065 households in the Southern Tang Dynasty (975).
Song Taizu Kaibao nine years (976), 3,090,504 households [main households].
Qingyuan (978), 15 1, 9 18 households.
Wuyue (978), 550,680 households.
Northern Han (979), 35,250 households.
14 Editor of Northern Song Dynasty
Note: The demographic data of Song Dynasty are the number of households and adult males (population).
It is estimated that the total population of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries in 960 was 30 million.
In the first year of Li Qing (104 1), the actual population of Song Renzong was estimated to be about 1 100 million.
In Song Renzong Li Qing for eight years (1048), there were10,723,695 households.
Song Renzong Huang You five years (1053) 10792705 households.
Song Renzong Jiayou eight years (1063)12,462,531household. The male population is 2642 1 and 65 1.
Song Yingzong has been ping for three years (1066), 14, 18 1, 486 households. There are 20,506,980 people.
Ten years in Xining, Song Yingzong (1077) 14245270 households. The male population is 308072 1 1.
In the first year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1078), there were16,492,631household.
Song Shenzong Yuanfeng six years (1083)17,2117/3 households. There are 24,969,300 people.
In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), there were 17957092 households. There are 40,072,606 men.
The first year (1094) of Song Zhezong has 19, 120 and 92 1 household. There are 42,566,243 men.
And years (1099)19,715,555 households.
Song Zhezong Fuyuan three years (1100)19960812 households. Men have 449 1499 1.
In the first year of Chongning in Song Huizong (1 102), there were 20,264,307 households. There are 45324 154 males.
Song Huizong Daguan has 20,882,438 households in three years (1 109). There are 46,734,784 men.
During the four years in Song Huizong (110), there were 20,882,258 households, with an estimated actual population of about1250,000. Among them, South China accounts for 70% of the national population and North China accounts for 30%.
In the seventh year of Xuanhe in Song Huizong (1 125), it was estimated that there were 22 1 18 160 households, and the actual population was estimated to be about13.24 million.
1。
16 Southern Song Dynasty and Jin Editor
By the seventh year of Taihe in Jin Zhangzong (1207), the total population of Song, Jin and Xixia was estimated to reach 1.36 billion.
It is estimated that 1200 will have a total population of1360,000. The world population increased from 250 million to 404 million in 950- 1200, and the Byzantine Empire had12 million in 1025. The total population of Xixia in Song and Jin Dynasties accounted for 33.66% of the world at that time (1200). The population of China will increase from 1083 to 1 000 million in 2020.
17 Mongolia
From 1205, when the Mongol Empire invaded Xixia for the first time, to 1227,121year, when it invaded the Jin Dynasty for the first time, 1234, and123. In these 70 years, according to Wang Weixian's "Nine Immortals Memorial" recorded in Volume 5 of Tongchuan Official Records during Guangxu Period of Qing Dynasty, ["Mongolian military system, where the army arrives, will be slaughtered. ], it can be seen that the Mongolian army carried out a large-scale genocide in the combat area, followed by a long period of plague and famine, resulting in a large number of people missing, and the losses in Sichuan in the former Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty were extremely heavy. At the end of 1234, the population of the former state of Jin fell to the bottom, and at the end of 1259, the population of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty fell to the bottom. This is the most cruel and tragic unprecedented disaster in the history of China.
On February 9th, the sixth year of Yuan Taizong Wokuotai (1234), gold was destroyed in Mongolia. According to the research of Ge, a modern scholar, after the demise of the Jin Dynasty in 1234, there were about 2 million households in the former Jin Dynasty, with105,000 people, which was only equivalent to 19.5% of the population of 53.6 million in the Jin Dynasty in 2008.
In the seventh year of Yuan Taizong (1235, the last year of B), the population of B was 87378 1 household, with 4754975 people, who were born in some northern areas (such as Yanjing (now Beijing) and Shuntian (now Baoding, Hebei).
In June of the eighth year of Yuan Taizong Wokuotai (1236), the Central Plains hukou was completely compiled, with a population of 165438+ more than one million households. According to the household registration ratio of 1207, there are about 7 million people. According to the household registration ratio of 1235, there are about 6 million people. Excluding Mongolian aristocrats and their population living and sitting at home. Considering the large private population of Mongolian kings, nobles and generals, as well as the population of various households (military households, station households, craftsmen, folk households, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism) independent of counties, modern scholars Zhao Wenlin and Xie Shujun believe that the former Jin Dynasty from 65438 to 0236 was about 1054.
In the eighth year of Yuan Taizong Wokuotai (1236), there were only 165438+ households in the former Jin Dynasty, which was only 13% of the 8,465,438+households (7.68 million households) in 1207.
18 yuan
In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (127 1), Yuan Shizu changed its name to Dayuan.
According to the Yuan History:
In the 11th year of Zhiyuan in Yuan Shizu (1274), 1 967,898 households, with no population record. According to the household registration ratio of 1207, there are about12,5215,45 people. According to the household registration ratio of 1235, there are about10,708,983 people, while according to the household registration ratio of 129 1, there are about 8.87 million people.
Yuan Chengzong Dade four years (1300), no household registration information. Angus Madison, a British economist, estimated that the actual population of Yuan Dynasty in 1300 was about1000000000 000( 10/000000).
In the eleventh year from Hui Zong to Zheng Zheng in the Yuan Dynasty (135 1 year), there was no household registration data, and some modern scholars thought that 135 1 year was the actual population peak in the Yuan Dynasty. Modern scholars Zhao Wenlin and Xie Shujun believe that 135 1 was the actual population peak in the Yuan Dynasty. According to their estimation, the actual population of 135 1 year is about 87.587 million. Wang Yumin, a modern scholar, thinks that the actual population of Yuan Dynasty reached its peak around 135 1 year, with 27.65 million households123.59 million (654.38+23.59 million).
By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were only 1368 households with a population of more than 60 million.
19 Ming
During the period of Hui Yuan Zongzhi (1341-1370), there were many large-scale famines, famines and epidemics throughout the country, which eventually led to the outbreak of the Red Scarf Army uprising, resulting in a large number of deaths. After the Ming Dynasty established and gradually unified the whole country, under the background of great damage caused by the long-term large-scale war in the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties, Ming Taizu's recuperation during the Hongwu period restored the national agriculture to a great extent. In addition, during the Hongwu period, large-scale immigrants filled the no-man's land north of Huaihe River and Sichuan, reclaimed land, and made the population grow steadily. In the 26th year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1393), the population was about 60.54 million, including 61750,000 civilian households and 3.25 million military households. The population of five northern provinces (Beiping, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi) is17.55 million, accounting for 27% of the whole country. Shandong has the largest population of 5,462,850, followed by Shanxi (3,790,760), Henan (2,825,300), Shaanxi (2,646,450) and Peiping (2,665,438+0,950). The five central provinces (Shi Jing, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang and Sichuan) have a total population of 33.8 million, accounting for 52% of the country. Among them, the capital (South Zhili) has 1 1, 29 1, 460 people; The population density of Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu is the highest, with 6,320,300 people, with an average of 220 people per square kilometer. Followed by Zhejiang, 9959270 people; There are 7.26 million people in Jiangxi, 43 18420 people in Huguang and the least in Sichuan, with only 13 14260 people. The total population of the five southern provinces (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou) is104,000, accounting for 16% of the whole country.
According to Ming History and Shi Minglu, the household registration data of Ming Dynasty are as follows:
Ming Taizu Hongwu fourteen years (138 1 year)/kloc-0,654,362 households with 59,873,305 people and 366.77 million mu (data source: Ming Taizu Records 140).
Ming Taizu Hongwu twenty-six years (1393),/kloc-0,652,870 households, 605,45812 people, [this is the survey data except most parts of North China] (scholars estimate that the actual population has reached 65 million).
In the first year of Yongle in Taizong of Ming Dynasty (1403), there were 1 1, 4 15829 households with 66,598,337 people. This is the peak of all the statistical data of Ming household registration recorded in Ming historical materials.
In the second year of Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty (1404), there were 9,685,020 households with 50,950,470 people.
In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's reign in Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1409), Annan was conquered and 365,438+households were added. If there are 5 people in each household, it will increase by more than 1.55 million.
In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty (14 10), there were more than 9.6 million households, with 51790,000 people.
In the 16th year of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong (1479), the estimated actual population was 7 1 850,000.
In the twenty-four years of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong (1487), it is estimated that the actual population is 75 million.
In the fourth year of Hongzhi (149 1 year), there were 9 1 13446 households and 5328 1, 158 people.
In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (1502), 10409788 households, 50908672 people and 422.8 million mu (data source: Records of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty 194).
In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi in Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (1504),/kloc-0,508,935 households and 60 105835 people.
In the year of Zheng Deyuan (1506), there were 9 15 1, 173 households with 46,802,050 people.
Ming Shenzong Wanli six years (1578)/kloc-0,62/kloc-0,436 households with 60,692,856 people.
In the first year of Taichang (1620), there were 9,835,426 households, 5 1 655,459 people and 743.93 million mu (source: Records of Ming Xizong, Volume 4).
Scholars generally believe that the peak period of hukou in Ming Dynasty is in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, but the specific time and population data vary greatly. Modern scholars Zhao Wenlin and Xie Shujun believe that 1626, the peak population of Ming Dynasty is about 1 100 million. Wang Yumin, a modern scholar, thinks that the population of Ming Dynasty reached its peak in Wanli period, and the actual population was between1.300 million and1.500 million. Ge, a modern scholar, believes that the actual population of the Ming Dynasty in 1.600 was about 1.97 billion, and the peak population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 200 million. Cao, a modern scholar, believes that the peak population of Ming Dynasty was in 1630, and the actual population was about 1925 10000, and the actual population was about 152470000 in 1644. According to Angus Madison, a modern scholar and British economist, the peak population of the Ming Dynasty in 1600 was about 16000000. Yi Zhongtian, a modern scholar, believes that the population at the end of the Ming Dynasty was more than 60 million.
During the reign of Emperor Sejong Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, American high-yield crops were introduced into China and popularized, which kept the population at a certain level at the end of Ming Dynasty.
20 Qing
Frequent wars, frequent plagues, famines and famines in the last forty years of Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty caused another disaster. In the early years of Kangxi, the whole society was stable and social production generally recovered. In the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), the national population increased from more than 50 million in the first year of Taichang (1620) to more than 1 100 million, and in the 61st year of Kangxi (1722) it rose to1500 million.
- Related articles
- Why does Myanmar allow bold use of RMB?
- My girlfriend immigrated to Canada and has not yet obtained nationality. Then how can we get married? Can she return to China for a long time? We want to live in China. (detailed answer
- Township Development in Daxi Township
- What is the full name of border inspection?
- The Regional Origin of Haiyang Town
- The Historical Origin of Fujian Cuisine
- Haley talks about immigration.
- What is the character list of War and Peace?
- What will happen if the business license is not cancelled?
- () composition about the future