How did the Qing Dynasty implement the League Flag system in Mongolia?

The political system practiced by the Qing Dynasty to divide Mongols and control their upper nobility. Nine years after the mandate of heaven (1624), the rulers of the Jin Dynasty compiled the flag points on the basis of the original social system according to the organization principle of the Eight Banners (see the Eight Banners System), and then successively placed Mongolian ministries who joined the army in this way. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (177 1 year), after Turku Mongolia returned to China, all Mongolian ministries were incorporated into the League flag system. This system lasted 140 years from initial establishment to completion.

The Youth League is a league organization with flags, which consists of several flags. Each league has a leader and a deputy leader, which was originally recommended by Zach, the flag of the League, and later changed to Yuan and asked the emperor to send someone to take pictures of Zach, the flag of the League. The Khalkha Mongolian League was established on the basis of the Ministry, so the minister is also the leader of the League. Alliance is not a first-level administrative organization. The main task of the group leader is to serve as the convener of the group once every three years, and perform duties such as fighting for positions, training, clearing up money and trying major criminal cases. However, he has no right to send troops and directly interfere in the internal affairs of the flags, and has no right to issue orders to the flags. He only supervises Zazak and has the responsibility to report Zazak's illegal or rebellious behavior at any time. The Mongolian League in Errut has no leader, and their alliance affairs are directly controlled by the generals or ministers in the region.

Qi is an administrative and military unit established by the Qing court in Mongolia, and it is also a hereditary territory given by the Qing emperor to feudal lords at all levels in Qi. After weaving, leading, resettling people, distributing to pasture, delineating flag boundaries and appointing Zazak, the flag was formed. The appointment of Zazak should not only consider his influence and position in the Ministry, but also consider whether he is loyal to the Qing court.

Division of alliance

The alliance evolved from the alliance of Mongolia, and Mongolia had the tradition of alliance in the Ming Dynasty. In case of major events, it should be settled through consultation between several tribes or the remains of Urus and Duolun Alliance. During the Chongde period, after the Qing court set up flags to coordinate the relationship between the flags, it established the League meeting, which was realized by holding the League meeting of several flags regularly, usually once every three years, mostly in June and July of that year. The main tasks of the alliance are: "reviewing military facts, patrolling the border, cleaning up the implementation platform and writing the script." Every league meeting, the flag nobles led by the princes of Zasak from all ministries and flags will attend with weapons and horses, and they must not be late, otherwise they will be severely punished. When joining the alliance, the Qing court sent an imperial envoy to preside over a specific ceremony.

Each alliance has a leader, and since the sixth year of Yongzheng, there has been a deputy leader. The leaders and deputy leaders were selected from the idle ministers and Belzak of each flag, and were submitted to the emperor for approval by the court. After the appointment of the leader, the seal will be awarded. The term of office is lifelong, but it cannot be hereditary. In addition, there are one or two people to help manage the affairs of the alliance, and cooperate with the team leader and deputy team leader to manage the affairs of the alliance.

Division of flags

The division of flags is roughly based on Otto (regional group) and Aimak (blood group), both of which were feudal territories in the past. As far as possible, it is divided into South Mongolia, and one flag is divided into many flags. Only a few ministries have to weave a flag. For reasons of governance and historical geography, flags are divided into two categories:

Under the direct control of the ministers, commanders and generals appointed by the Central Committee of the Qing Dynasty, the military flags were collectively called "Inner Mongolia", belonging to Chahar, Tumote, Xinbaerhu and Chenbaerhu in Cheng Guihua, and Mongolian flags scattered in Jehol and Xinjiang, * * * Sixty-one Banner.

The Zasak Banner under the supervision of the Central Military Academy in Qing Dynasty was collectively called "Mongolia". South Mongolia (also known as Inner Mongolia) has twenty-four fifty-one flags, North Mongolia (also known as Outer Mongolia or Khalkha Mongolia) has four eighty-six flags, and West Mongolia (namely Tao Xi Mongolia) has four sixty-four flags, namely eighteen flags, thirty-two flags and two hundred and eleven flags. Zhalaite Banner can be divided into "Inner Zhalaite Banner" and "Outer Zhalaite Banner". Zhalaite Banner in southern Mongolia belongs to "Inner Zhalaite Banner" and Zhalaite Banner in northern and western Mongolia belongs to "Outer Zhalaite Banner". The difference is also due to the consideration of governance, and the power and system of the two are slightly different.