China art history paper 1. Northern Song Dynasty Landscape Painting II. Yuan Sijia's artistic achievements. Ancient Greek sculpture. The Three Masters of the Italian Renaissance 5.19th Century Western

China art history paper 1. Northern Song Dynasty Landscape Painting II. Yuan Sijia's artistic achievements. Ancient Greek sculpture. The Three Masters of the Italian Renaissance 5.19th Century Western Art. 1 Northern Song Dynasty Landscape Painting:

Li Cheng loves mountains and rivers and writes with ease. Its landscape is cold and Lin Yuan, and its pen is full of spirits. There are not many sketches, overlapping shapes, few rubbings, strong backbone, and cherish ink like gold, giving people the impression that the sky is bleak and the smoke forest is clear. In the picture of reading the stone tablet, the old tree is very vigorous, and the beautiful brushwork draws the branches of the cold forest, commonly known as "crab claws."

Li Chengchu studied Fan Kuan, learned from nature, and often sat in danger all day, looking around and looking for fun. "Journey to the West Mountain" vividly shows the magnificent scenery of the mountains and rivers in the north with indomitable momentum. Known as "the bone of the mountain" and "vivid with the mountain".

Li Cheng and Fan Kuan originated from the Northern Landscape Painting School of the Five Dynasties, but they created their own portals because of their different regions, different scenery and different painters' temperament. They all made great contributions to the development of landscape painting on the basis of loyalty and nature, and pushed the northern landscape painting school to a new height. Known as Li Cheng: "The pen is moist and fine, the smoke is as light as thousands of miles, and the charm is endless." Fan Kuan: "vigorous, heroic, vigorous." Comment on two people as writers and martial artists.

Mi Fei used Dong Yuan's landscape painting method for reference, and according to his own feelings about the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, he used ink to express misty rain and shady trees, and painted with pens instead of details. Mi Youren's landscape painting is also "a little bit of clouds and smoke, made in a hurry", and he named himself "Moxi". This kind of landscape, which expresses the misty and rainy scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with fallen eggplant (Jimo Point), does not seek decoration, advocates innocence and fully expresses the aesthetic taste of literati, which is quite different from the majestic landscape paintings of Li Cheng and Fan Kuan popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Before Michaelis, landscape paintings advocated vivid descriptions of natural mountains and rivers. Mi and his son used simple and plain pen and ink to show their interest in Yanyun. In ancient times, it was said that landscape painting "changed greatly when it reached two meters, and its meaning was too formal." This painting style not only contributes to the skills of ink painting and landscape painting, but also creates a new situation of literati painting.

Guo's views on the art of landscape painting were compiled into Lin Zhi by his son Guo Si, which is divided into six chapters: water training, painting meaning, painting method, painting title, painting style and annotation. It marks that the theory of landscape painting has entered a mature stage.

Lin Gao Quan Zhi made it clear that landscape painting should show the meaning of nymphs, and let the court literati satisfy their spiritual pursuit of "being proud of the spring stone" through the appreciation of landscape painting. Guo stressed the need to "take real mountains and rivers" and pay attention to the imagination that mountains and rivers may cause: "Spring mountains are as bright as smiles, summer mountains are as green as drops, autumn mountains are as bright as makeup, and winter mountains are as bleak as sleep." A painter must "be good at doing good things, be diligent and enjoy the scenery" in order to have a gap in his chest. He also emphasized the painting method of "a place where you can travel and live" and drew an ideal place that literati yearned for-Linquan.

2. Yuan Sijia's artistic achievements

Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng, also known as "Yuan Sijia", were the most influential figures in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty. They are all Jiangsu and Zhejiang literati. They are all good at ink and wash landscapes and bamboo and stone works. Their paintings clearly show their mood and life interest, which has been the banner in the eyes of landscape painters since Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Huang is the oldest of the four middle schools in Yuan Dynasty. In his poems, he calls himself a "primary and middle school student in Songxuezhai", specializing in landscapes, and mostly showing the scenery around Yushan Mountain in Changshu and Fuchun Mountain in Zhejiang. He adopted the methods of Hao Jing and Dong Yuan, and integrated them. He often paints in ink or light crimson, which is rich and vigorous and is learned by literati and painters in Ming and Qing Dynasties. His masterpiece Fuchun Shan Jutu is two feet long, depicting the landscape of Fuchun Tonglu and absorbing Dong Ju's style. It is a masterpiece of ancient landscape painting.

The real martial arts master follows Dong and Ju Tuofa, and his pen and ink are clear and beautiful, showing the boundless atmosphere. I like to make a fisherman's painting, leisurely draw a boat on the rivers and lakes in Qingyuan, and write fishing songs on it, with fresh words. In the poem, the sentence "only fishing for perch but not fame" expresses their peaceful and happy mood and their elegance. The ink bamboo painted is careless with a pen, but its modality is vivid. Works handed down from ancient times include The Fisherman's Map, Qiu Jiang Fishing Hidden Map, Bamboo Slip Manual, etc.

The landscape of Ni Zan mainly shows the scenery of Taihu Lake, with sloping trees nearby, lying mountains in the distance and a large area of Wang Yang Lake in the middle. The artistic conception is quiet and far-reaching, desolate and desolate, with a sense of loneliness. Combining the strengths of Jing Guan and Dong Ju, he painted a clean and quiet autumn scenery with dry pen and light ink, which was very intriguing and highly praised by literati and painters in Ming and Qing Dynasties. I often claim to be "careless with my pen. I don't want to look like it. I speak to entertain myself." Handed down from ancient times are "Autumn Collection Map of Fishing Village" and "Forest Valley Map of Yushan Mountain". His calligraphy, especially small letters, is elegant and chic, without any vulgar dust, and is valued by future generations.

Most of the landscapes painted by Wang Meng, the grandson of Zhao Mengfu, show seclusion, and his brushwork and scenery description vary with different levels. His painting method was developed on the basis of East Chrysanthemum, forming a unique Jie Suocun and Niu Maocun. Wang Meng is one of the four great masters of the Yuan Dynasty, with his thick brush and ink, dense composition and beautiful scenery. His works include Reading in the Spring Mountains, Living in Seclusion in Qingbian and Summer Resort.

"Yuan Sijia" landscape emphasizes pen and ink and style, but it still has a certain landscape foundation. Wang Meng wrote the Yellow River, Ni Zan painted Taihu Lake, Huang painted Fuchun River and Huang wrote beautiful landscapes. In their works, they express some ideals through mountains and rivers and elaborate them with inscriptions and poems. In form, ink painting is emphasized, or a slightly lighter color is light crimson, which forms a different look. But most of them are sentimental, indifferent and lonely, reflecting the helpless mood in the turmoil of the times.

In terms of artistic function, they flaunt "escape from anger in their chests" and "entertain themselves" instead of clinging to social aesthetic hobbies. "The servant is a painter, but his brushwork is careless, and he doesn't want to look like it, so he talks to amuse himself." The artistic views and painting styles of the four schools had a great influence on the development of literati painting in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty.

The real reason why "Yuan Sijia" gained position in the history of painting is their achievements in pen and ink skills. Huang's pale crimson color painting and Dong Ju's ink painting of Pi Ma Bian, Ni Zan's dry brush painting, Wang Meng's ""and his light ink brush painting, as well as the strong color of Zhenwu, the effects and styles of these pen and ink have been deliberately pursued by Yuan Dynasty painters since Zhao Mengfu. They try to express the shape and spirit of rocks and trees in a very simple way under complex conditions such as air, sunshine and distance, and at the same time have their own performance effect and personal style. Huang's paintings are "meaningful, but scholars rarely glimpse its involvement in Tianjin." Ni Zan called it "quiet and simple". Zhenwu is considered to be "vigorous in brushwork and thick in pen and ink". Wang Meng's painting is "watching with deep affection".

3. Ancient Greek sculpture

4. The Three Masters of the Italian Renaissance

Da? Finch: He is the first of the Renaissance Big Three. He is not only a great painter, but also a mathematician, mechanic and engineer. He regards painting art as a science and emphasizes that human knowledge comes from feeling. He deeply studied the structure of human body, the scientific laws of composition, perspective, light and shade, and the basic training and cultivation of painting. Create light and shade method, invent fog method. Advocate the humanistic spirit of classical art and accurately reproduce nature. Science and idealism are his artistic pursuits. His two most famous works are The Last Supper (1482; Milan); Mona Lisa (1503; Florence), which has also become the spiritual wealth of mankind.

Our rock goddess (1482; Milan); 1503, he and Michelangelo created the mural The Battle of canasi. In his later years, he wrote Lida and Swan.

Michelangelo was the most outstanding sculptor, architect and poet in the Italian Renaissance. Isn't his art like da? Finch is full of scientific spirit and philosophical thinking, but full of vigor and tragic passion. Under the control of humanism, his works showed the patriotism and the spirit of fighting for freedom of the civil class at that time with realistic techniques and romantic fantasies. Michelangelo's performance on the human body is amazing, emphasizing fortitude and the power of human spirit. Externally, the naked figures depicted are the main means, which essentially shows the perfect quality, lofty morality and strong will of people in real life. His early works have extraordinary qualities. For example, the statue of David created by 1504 became famous in one fell swoop. The sculpture shows a young man full of anger and strength before making achievements, and David became a symbol of the Renaissance hero. 15 10 was commissioned by Pope Juno II to draw the ceiling painting Genesis of the Sistine Chapel. He also designed the vault of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome. Later, he created sculptures such as Moses and Slave. The altar painting The Last Judgment is an important masterpiece in his later years, and it is also his summary of life and judgment of history.

Raphael: He is the third giant in the Renaissance and the youngest of the three outstanding figures. He is famous for his unique artistic acumen, learning from the strengths of other masters and finding a new way to describe beautiful virgin babies. He created a beautiful and elegant artistic model in the heyday of the Renaissance with poetic painting language and humanistic spirit, which is the unity of ideal beauty and realistic beauty. His art is regarded as a model of classical art by later generations.

Raphael is the master who is best at shaping the image of the Virgin Mary in the history of western art. His series of images of the Virgin Mary harmoniously unify the perceptual beauty and spiritual beauty, and convey the beautiful wishes and eternal feelings of mankind. Contrary to the pale and dreary painting features in the Middle Ages, the Virgin in his works touched the hearts of generations of viewers who longed for a better life and human warmth with her warm humanity. The Virgin Mary of the Sistine Chapel; The Virgin on the Chair is two of his important works.

In addition to painting the Madonna, he also made great achievements in mural creation. He is good at mastering spatial composition and ingenious combination with the environment, especially preferring semi-circular composition. In the representative work "The Academy of Athens", his main works in the Roman period (1508- 1520) are four groups of murals in the Vatican Palace: sacrament debate (theology), Athens school (philosophy), Mount Bahners (literature), (law) and so on, in which characters are included.

5.19th century western art:

19th century European art centered on France, which opened another peak in the history of European art. France became the center of western culture and art, the birthplace of western modern art, and the epitome of the development of European modern art.19th century is Europe.

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