Tell me what you learned from the great scientist Newton Edison Curie.

Hello, landlord, the short story of the scientist is as follows:

1. Hua

From 65438 to 0946, the famous mathematician Hua was hired as a tenured professor by an American university with favorable conditions. But he replied: "in order to choose the truth, for the country and the nation, I want to return to China!" " "Finally returned to Peiping (now Beijing) with his wife and children. After returning home, he not only devoted himself to theoretical research, but also traveled to 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions all over the country, and solved a large number of practical problems in production with mathematics, so he was known as the "people's mathematician".

In addition, there are famous geologist Li Siguang, biologist Tong Dizhou, nuclear physicist Qian Xuesen, high-energy physicist Zhang Wenyu and chemist Tang Aoqing ... all of them are full of patriotic enthusiasm and have made great contributions to the country's rejuvenation.

This scientist has his native country Pasteur.

Pasteur was an outstanding scientist in France in the19th century and the founder of microbiology. Because he invented the method of vaccination against infectious diseases, he made great contributions to the disease prevention and control of human beings and livestock and poultry raised by human beings. Due to outstanding achievements in science. He enjoys a high reputation throughout Europe, and the University of Bonn in Germany solemnly awarded the honorary degree certificate to this famous scholar. However, after the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Germany occupied French territory. Out of deep affection for the motherland and deep hatred for the aggressor Germany, Pasteur resolutely returned the honorary degree certificate to Bonn University. He said: "Although science has no national boundaries, scientists have their own motherland." Hit the floor's words fully expressed a scientist's patriotic feelings, and thus became an immortal patriotic quote.

Qian Xuesen showed great love for his motherland.

People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded 1949. Qian Xuesen, who has been in the United States for nearly 20 years, is extremely excited. On the 6th day after the birth of New China, Qian Xuesen and his wife had a strong idea: to return to the lovely motherland and contribute their wisdom and strength to the new country. However, the road to return home is full of twists and turns and hardships, which Qian Xuesen did not expect. This scholar, who is "worth five divisions wherever he goes", was made difficult by the US Immigration Bureau when he packed his scientific books and research notes and sent them to the US handling company for transportation back to China. They threatened the patriotic scholar in China in every way and put him in a detention center, which greatly restricted his personal freedom. For five years, he almost lived under house arrest. However, many hardships did not destroy the strong will of Qian Xuesen and his wife to return to the motherland. They packed their boxes and prepared to fly back to China at any time every day. 1955, Qian Xuesen, who was suffering in anxious to return, called for help from his motherland, and the China government came forward to try to rescue him through negotiation. Finally, in September this year, Qian Xuesen and his wife returned to the embrace of the motherland after more than five years of struggle.

4. Boyle skeptical chemist

Boyle attaches great importance to experimental research. He believes that only experiment and observation are the basis of scientific thinking. He always clarifies his views through rigorous and scientific experiments. In physics, he studied the color of light, the elasticity of vacuum and air, and summarized Boyle's gas law. In chemistry, his research on acid, alkali and indicator, and his discussion on the qualitative test method of salt are quite effective. He was the first chemist to use the juices of various natural plants as indicators. He invented litmus test solution and litmus test paper. He was also the first chemist to give a clear definition of acid and alkali, and divided substances into three categories: acid, alkali and salt. He created many qualitative methods to test salt, such as using copper salt solution to be blue, adding ammonia solution to become dark blue (copper ions and enough ammonia water form copper-ammonia complex ions) to test copper salt; The white precipitate produced by mixing hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate solution is used to test silver salt and hydrochloric acid. Boyle's invention is full of long-term vitality, so that we still often use these oldest methods today. Boyle has also done many experiments in determining the composition and purity of substances, and studying the similarities and differences of substances. A brief review of the history of mineral water experimental research published by 1685 describes a set of methods to identify substances and becomes a pioneer in qualitative analysis.

1670, Boyle suffered a stroke due to fatigue, and his physical condition was good and bad. When he can't do research in the laboratory, he devotes himself to sorting out the knowledge gained from practice and reasoning for many years. As long as he feels a little light, he goes to the laboratory to do his experiments or write papers for fun. 1680, he was elected president of the royal society, but he refused to accept this honor. Although he was born into a noble family, he devoted his life to scientific research and life. He never married and devoted his life to exploring natural science. 169 165438 On February 30th, the scientist who laid the foundation of chemical science in17th century died in London. Engels once gave him the highest evaluation: "Boyle identified chemistry as science."

5. priestley-the father of gas chemistry

1774, priestley put mercury soot (mercury oxide) into a glass dish and heated it with a condenser, and found that it quickly decomposed into gas. He thinks that the air has been released, so he collects the generated gas by gas collection and studies it. He found that the gas made the candle burn more brightly, and he felt relaxed and comfortable breathing. He made oxygen, and proved through experiments that oxygen has the properties of combustion-supporting and breathing. However, because he is a stubborn believer in phlogiston, he still thinks that air is a single gas, so he also calls this gas "dephosphorized air". The difference between its nature and the "air saturated with phlogiston" (nitrogen) discovered earlier is only the difference in phlogiston content, so its combustion-supporting ability is also different. In the same year, he visited Europe, exchanged many chemical views with lavoisier in Paris, and told lavoisier about the experiment of decomposing mercury and silver ash with condenser, which benefited lavoisier a lot. Lavoisier just repeated priestley's experiment about oxygen, and linked it with a large number of accurate experimental materials, made scientific analysis and judgment, and revealed the real connection between combustion and air. But it was not until 1783 that lavoisier's theory of combustion oxidation was generally considered to be correct. Priestley still refused to accept lavoisier's explanation, insisted on the wrong phlogiston theory, and wrote many articles against lavoisier's opinion. This is an interesting fact in the history of chemistry. A person who discovered oxygen became a person who opposed the theory of oxidation. However, priestley found that oxygen is an important factor in the vigorous development of chemistry. So chemists all over the world still respect Priestley.

179 1 year, he sympathized with the French revolution and made propaganda speeches for the revolution many times, but he was persecuted by some people, his home was copied, and books and experimental equipment were set on fire. He escaped alone and took refuge in London, but it was difficult for him to live in London for a long time. At the age of 6 1, he had to immigrate to the United States. Continue to engage in scientific research in the United States. 1804 is dead. People in Britain and America respect him very much, and England has a full-length statue of him. In the United States, the house where he lived has been built into a memorial hall, and the priestley Medal named after him has become the highest honor in American chemistry.

6. Madame Curie

Marie Curie (Madame Curie) was a French-born Polish physicist and chemist.

1906, pierre curie died in a car accident. This heavy blow did not make her give up her persistent pursuit. She fought back her grief and redoubled her efforts to complete their beloved scientific career. She continued her husband's lecture at the University of Paris and became the first female professor at the university. 19 10, her famous book on radioactivity was published. She cooperated with Mou and others to analyze pure metal radium and measure its properties. She also measured the half-lives of oxygen and other elements and published a series of important works on radioactivity. In view of the above great achievements, she won the Nobel Prize in chemistry at 19 1 1, becoming the first great scientist to win the Nobel Prize twice in history.

The founder of radiation science, who suffered from scientific hardships, died unfortunately on July 4, 1934 on/kloc-0 because of years of efforts. She devoted her glorious life to the scientific cause of mankind.

7. Biologist Tong Dizhou thundered against Pi Nuo.

When Tong Dizhou, a famous scholar, was studying abroad, Russian Pi Nuo, who lived with him, said disdainfully, "Mr. Tong, it's really hard. As soon as I saw you, I thought of your country, the sick man of East Asia ... "Tong Dizhou was angry:" Don't insult my motherland! You can represent your country and I represent my country. Starting tomorrow, let's see who gets the degree first! " Pi Nuo was speechless. Four years later, Tong Dizhou received a doctorate, which was praised by the European biological community. He won the tone for himself and glory for his country.

8. Chen Jiageng

Chen Jiageng, a patriotic overseas Chinese, traveled overseas for business at the age of 17 and eventually became a billionaire in Nanyang. 19 19 In the autumn, Chen Jiageng, who returned home dressed in fine clothes, decided to set up a school in his hometown, and successively established a primary school, a middle school and a normal school. Regarding the difficulties of the British, he firmly stated: "Enterprises can close down. The school must not be closed. " He sold his property and insisted on running a school.

Chen Jiageng actively supported Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary behavior. He raised more than 200,000 yuan to help restore Fujian. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he provided financial and material assistance for the war of resistance as much as possible. From 1937 to 1940, the total amount of donations raised by Mr. Chen for the Anti-Japanese War.

Up to 3 billion yuan.

In his personal life, he never squandered money easily, lived frugally and was a vegetarian. On his deathbed, he donated his legacy of more than 3 million yuan to the country.

For decades, Chen Jiageng has expressed the patriotism of an overseas Chinese with practical actions.

That's foreign.

1, Watt: In Greenock, Watt's hometown, every family makes a fire to boil water for cooking. Who cares about such a common thing? Watt left his heart. Is there a Huai? He watched his grandmother cooking in the kitchen. There is a pot of boiling water on the stove. The boiling water is boiling. The lid of the pot smacked and kept jumping up. Watt observed it for a long time and felt very strange. He wanted to know what the reason was, so he asked his grandmother. What makes the lid jump? "

Grandma replied, "The water is boiling, that's all."

Watt asked discontentedly, "Why does the water jump as soon as the lid is opened?" ? Is something pushing it? "

Maybe grandma was too busy to answer him correctly, so she said impatiently, "I don't know." What is the significance of children asking these questions? "

Instead of finding the answer with grandma, Watt was unfairly criticized. He was very uncomfortable, but he didn't lose heart.

For several days in a row, whenever cooking, he squatted by the fire and observed carefully. At first, the lid was very stable. After a while, the water will boil and make a loud noise. On the ground, the steam in the pot came out and pushed the lid to jump. The steam kept rising, and the lid kept beating, as if a magician was hiding inside, doing tricks. Watt almost cried out for joy. He opened the lid, closed it again and again, and verified it again and again. He also covered the cup and spoon that sprayed steam. Watt finally figured out that steam pushed the lid to jump, and the power of this steam was not small.

Just as Watt was in high spirits and ecstatic, grandma spoke again: "You child, you are ungrateful. What's so funny about the kettle? Go away! " She said casually.

His grandmother is too impatient and subjective, and if she neglects it casually, it will almost dampen Watt's self-esteem and enthusiasm for exploring scientific knowledge. Old man, you don't understand Watt's heart at all, do you? What a revelation water vapor is to Watt! Isn't the physical phenomenon that water vapor pushes the lid of the kettle to jump off the water bottle the source of Watt's understanding of inventing the steam engine?

1769, watt changed the steam engine into a single-acting engine with great power. Later, after many studies, the trial production of the new steam engine was completed in 1782. With the linkage device on the machine, the simple motion turned into rotary motion, and the perfect steam engine was successfully invented.

Due to the invention of the steam engine and the developed coal and iron industry in Britain at that time, Britain became the first country in the world to use steam to drive iron "seagoing ships". /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the reform of maritime transportation began, and some countries entered the so-called "steamboat era". Since then, ships have been sailing on the boundless ocean. Subsequently, coal mines, factories and trains all used steam engines. Manual labor was liberated and the economy developed. This is the result of the invention of the steam engine. Of course, this is also the credit of Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. Therefore, Watt is famous all over the world.

Watt's life is full of hardships and struggles. What a bumpy road he has traveled. He created blessings for mankind in hardships and hardships and opened up a new milestone for human progress. Watt attaches great importance to study and practice. Learning enriched his wisdom; Practice has achieved fruitful results.

2、

Nobel's story

( 1833- 1896)

During 1864, a boat was parked on Lake Mara near Stockholm, Sweden. The residents nearby are full of fear about this ship, and no one dares to go near it, because Nobel, the king of explosives, is trying to make explosives on board.

Why did you do the experiment on the boat? It turns out that studying explosives is a very dangerous job. When Nobel tried to produce explosives in the laboratory, a big explosion occurred, killing five people on the spot, including Nobel's younger brother and his father. After the disaster, the surrounding residents were very scared and strongly opposed Nobel's making explosives there. Nobel was not intimidated by the explosion, so he moved the equipment to the nearby Lake Mara and continued his experiments on board.

Nobel is Swedish. He was weak and sick since childhood, but he was strong-willed and unwilling to lag behind. His father likes chemical experiments and often tells Nobel stories about scientists, encouraging him to be a useful person when he grows up. Once, seeing his father developing explosives, Nobel Jr. opened his eyes and asked, "Dad, explosives hurt people, which is a terrible thing. Why did you do it? " Dad replied, "Explosives can be mined."

As an engineer in his youth, Nobel traveled in Europe and America for four years and gained a deep understanding of the industrial development of various countries. At that time, many countries urgently demanded to develop mining industry and speed up mining, but explosives could not meet this need, which was a big problem to be solved urgently. Knowing this situation, Nobel decided to improve the production of explosives and develop new explosives.

Before Nobel, many people studied and made explosives, such as black powder in China and nitroglycerin invented by Italians. Nitroglycerin is much more explosive than black powder, but it is not easy to control, easy to explode by itself, and not easy to explode according to people's requirements. It is very dangerous to manufacture, store and transport, and people don't know how to use it, so people only use it to treat angina pectoris for more than ten years after its invention.

Nobel started with the manufacture and research of nitroglycerin. At first, he detonated nitroglycerin with black powder, and later he invented a detonator to detonate it, and obtained an effective method to make nitroglycerin explode.

After the initial success, there was a great setback in the big bang in the laboratory. Nobel had to move the laboratory to the ship. Later, after many twists and turns, he found a new site in a place called Winterwigan, where he established the world's first nitroglycerin factory.

The road of Nobel's research is really full of difficulties and disasters. The nitroglycerin he made often exploded: an American train was blown into a pile of scrap iron; A factory in Germany, all in ruins; The ship sank and people died.

These tragic accidents have made countries around the world lose confidence in nitroglycerin, and some countries have banned its manufacture, storage and transportation. In this difficult situation, Nobel never gave up until he solved the problem of unstable nitroglycerin. After repeated experiments, he finally invented the method of absorbing three nitroglycerin with a diatomite (a tiny biological shell called diatom). For the first time, it was made into an industrial explosive that can be safely transported and used. Nobel made persistent efforts to push forward the achievement of this invention. He invented a kind of high explosive glue-fried glue with collodion and nitroglycerin. Then a small amount of camphor was added to nitroglycerin and fried rubber to make smokeless powder.

After the invention of safe explosives, they were widely used in mining and road construction, and the output of explosives increased greatly, and Nobel's financial resources also rolled in. However, Nobel's life is still very simple. He didn't even get married for research. One year before his death, Nobel left a will to set up a scientific research institution, and the other part was used as a reward fund to award physics, chemistry, biology and medicine, literature and peace (the economic prize was added in 1968), and was awarded to people who made outstanding contributions in the above fields all over the world. It is considered a great honor for the scientific community to win the Nobel Prize.

Nobel was thin when he was a child. When I was ten years old, I went to Badburg, Russia with my mother, reunited with my father, and began to receive guidance from my tutor. I went to the United States to study at the age of 17 and returned to China two years later to work in my father's company.

Influenced by his father, Nobel was interested in studying explosives. Later, he made a lot of money by making explosives and developing oil fields. However, when he saw that the explosive he invented was used in war, he felt very sad, so he devoted his life to calling on the world to use gunpowder for peace. Nobel used his huge wealth to set up a fund to award prizes to people who have made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, literature and peace every year. Being able to win the Nobel Prize has always been regarded as a great honor!

It's foggy in the laboratory. Nobel worked selflessly. His brother came to him and said, "Nobel, I'm sorting out our family tree. You are a world-famous figure. How can I do without an autobiography? " Write an autobiography "

"Brother, don't use it."

"What should I do?" Nobel's brother advised him: "Brother, you wrote your autobiography not for yourself, but for our family! You write it. Your autobiography will add luster to our family tree! "

Nobel still disagreed, and his brother repeatedly persuaded him. Finally, he even begged, "Brother, are you afraid of wasting time?" In that case, you can talk about it and I'll record it. "

"I really can't do it." Nobel was modest, but said firmly, "I can't write an autobiography. There are so many planets in the whirlpool of the universe, and we are insignificant. What is worth writing about! "

I see! He thinks that everything he does is just for what human beings should do. Why should he exchange a little contribution for honor? Therefore, he never promised.

Nobel's brother had to leave with a sigh. Nobel once again immersed himself in experiments.

Nobel's will is the essence of his ideal and the crystallization of his painstaking efforts. Rich as he is, he is unwilling to share his property with his relatives and friends. He thinks that great wealth is a scourge that hinders human talents. Anyone with wealth should leave only the necessary education expenses for children. If they leave too much money, it will be a reward for laziness and prevent them from developing their talents.

Therefore, regardless of the opposition of relatives and friends, he decided to use all his property to set up the Nobel Prize to reward the contemporary world elite. That's probably all, the landlord should be enough, I hope it will help you!