Describe the research objects and methods of immigration epidemiology with examples.

According to the design type, epidemiological research methods are divided into three categories: observation, experiment and mathematics.

Observation method

There are two design types: descriptive research and analytical research. Descriptive research mainly describes the distribution of diseases and health conditions in the population, reveals the epidemic or distribution phenomenon, provides clues to etiology, and puts forward etiological hypotheses.

Including case report, current situation investigation and disease monitoring, including ecological research. Analysis and research mainly study the factors that affect distribution. In order to test the hypothesis of etiology, it mainly includes case-control study and cohort study.

experimental method

This paper mainly studies and evaluates the effect of disease prevention and control intervention measures, which can confirm the etiology hypothesis. It can be divided into clinical trials and field trials, and the latter includes individual trials and group trials.

Mathematical method

Through the study of distribution and its influencing factors, a mathematical model is established to predict the epidemic trend of diseases, describe the epidemic law of diseases and evaluate the effect of disease prevention and control.

Epidemiological development and its principle

Epidemiological development

Epidemiology is developed in the constant struggle against serious diseases that endanger human health. In the early years, infectious diseases were widely spread among people, which brought great disasters to mankind. People have conducted in-depth epidemiological investigation and research on infectious diseases and taken preventive measures.

With the gradual control of major infectious diseases, epidemiology has been applied to the study of non-communicable diseases, especially chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors and diabetes. In addition, epidemiology has also been applied to the research of promoting people's health.

Four basic principles of epidemiology

Statement of principles:

Control principle, experimental epidemiological research must set up a control, the purpose of setting up a control is to compare, which requires that the two groups of research objects must be comparable.

According to the principle of randomness, the participants in the experimental research must be randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group, that is, the chances of participants entering the experimental group or the control group are equal.

Blind method principle, in order to avoid this bias, blind method can be used in the design, which makes the researchers unclear about the distribution of intervention measures and the research results are more real and reliable.

The principle of repetition ensures a certain sample size and makes the results representative.