Historical changes of Guangzhou city site

In 2 14 BC, the soldiers of the Qin dynasty were divided into five roads. After unifying Lingnan, three counties of Nanhai, Elephant and Guilin were set up in Lingnan area. Ren Tao, the former commander-in-chief of Qin Jun, was appointed commander of the South China Sea and built a city in Nanhai County (not Panyu District now), which was called Ren Taocheng, which was the beginning of Guangzhou's urban construction. At that time, Ren was very small, located in the highland west of Laocang Lane in the north of Zhongshan Fourth Road, which was about the extension line of Wende Road and Beijing Road to the north and the Provincial Department of Finance. At that time, the Pearl River bank was in the area of West Lake Road today, and it was also a defense against foreign enemies.

In 208 BC, Ren Tao died, and Zhao Tuo, the general of Qin State who went to war with him, succeeded him to the throne. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, in 204 BC, Zhao Tuo annexed Guilin County and Xiang Jun County and established Nanyue State. After Zhao Tuo took office, Renxiao City was expanded into a big city in Fiona Fang, commonly known as "Zhao Tuo City". Today, Beijing Road is basically located on the central axis of "Zhao Tuo City", and the Nanyue Palace Museum in the northern section of Beijing Road was built on the basis of the site of "Zhao Tuo City".

In BC 1 1 1 year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Nanyue State and established nine counties in the original territory of Nanyue State, which directly belonged to the Han Dynasty. Since then, Lingnan area has been formally incorporated into the territory of counties in Han Dynasty.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lingnan belonged to the State of Wu. In the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), Buzhi, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, moved Jiaozhou County to Panyu, thus controlling the situation in Lingnan. Oracle Inscriptions rebuilt Panyu Old Town and expanded Zhao Tuo City, which was later called Oracle Inscriptions City. Its south gate is between Fanshan and Yushan, and in the middle is the seaside avenue in the south, that is, the section from Beijing Road to West Lake. In order to strengthen the administration of Lingnan, Jiaozhou was divided into Jiaozhou and Guangzhou in 226, hence the name Guangzhou, and Panyu became the county government of Guangzhou.

In the Tang Dynasty, Journey to the West by Tangdahe recorded the "Three Cities" in Guangzhou. In the Tang Dynasty, one of these three cities was the main city centered on today's Beijing Road, the other was the remnants of Nanyue East and Ganxi Old Road (now Cangbian Road), and the third city might be "Fanfang". Fanfang is located in Huaisheng Temple, Jinguangta Road. These three cities are not beyond the scope of Yuexiu District today, and they are still centered on Beijing Road today.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty (907), Liu Yin, commander of Qingshui Division, the highest authority in Lingnan, ordered the leveling of Fanshan and Yushan to expand the city and expand its commercial center. After Liu Yin's death, his brother Ada established political power in Lingnan, which was called "Nanhan" in history and renamed Guangzhou as the capital of Nanhan, and carried out unprecedented capital construction.

At that time, Guangzhou was divided into inner city and national city, and the inner city included Miyagi and Imperial City. Miyagi is located in the area of "Nanyue Palace Ruins" north of Zhongshan 4th Road, which is the residence of the royal family and the place where the emperor handles political affairs. South of Miyagi is the Imperial City, probably south of Zhongshan Road and north of Xihu Road, with Beijing Road as the central axis and the seat of senior officials.

South of the Imperial City is the National City, covering the areas from Beijing Road, south of Xihu Road, north of Wen Ming Road to Da 'nan Road. Shops are arranged on the left and right sides (called "left street" and "right street"), which is a bustling business district. Today's Da 'nan Road is the bank of the Pearl River at that time. There are royal gardens and private gardens inside and outside the west side of Xinggong Palace in South Han Dynasty. Dongcheng, the east of Zhao Tuo, is a residential area for bureaucrats and nobles.

In the Song Dynasty, Xing was renamed Guangzhou. In the history of Guangzhou's urban construction, the Song Dynasty was a glorious period, which was manifested in the construction of "Three Cities" and "Yanchi City" (both in Yuexiu District). In the fifth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1045), the imperial court approved Guangzhou to build a sub-city where the senior official office was located, ranging from today's Jixiang Road to Cangbian Road (east-west direction) and Zhongshan Road to Yuehua Road (north-south direction), with today's Beijing Road as the central axis.

In the first year of Xining (1068), the imperial court allocated huge sums of money to repair Guangzhou Dongcheng, which was located in the east of Zicheng and west of Dezheng Road. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), the construction of Guangzhou Xicheng began again. Xicheng is bigger than Zicheng and Dongcheng combined. The project took ten months and was finally completed. The scope includes the area west of Jinxiang Road, east of Renmin Road, north of Bailing Road and south of Dade Road. In the third year of Jiading (12 10), the East-West Wild Goose Wing City was newly built, that is, it extended from the south wall of the East-West City to the riverside to protect the new urban area bordering the Pearl River in the south.

Great changes have taken place in the wall of Guangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, which is the integration of the three cities. In the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1377), in addition to tearing down the city wall between Midtown and East-West City, it also expanded the urban area, crossing Yuexiu Mountain to the north and expanding eastward. From 44 to 45 years of Jiajing (1565- 1566), an outer city was built in the south of the city.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, people called it the "old city" or "old city" built at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty and the "new city" built during the Jiajing period. The southern boundary of the old city is Jindade Road, Danan Road and Wen Ming Road, and the southern boundary of the new city is Jindade Road, Taikang Road and Wanfu Road. The east boundary of the new old city is now Yuexiu Road, and the west boundary is now Renmin Road. The walls of the Ming Dynasty remained unchanged until the Qing Dynasty. However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the north bank of the Pearl River had moved several tens of meters to the south, so during the Shunzhi period in the early Qing Dynasty, the government added the east and west wing walls until the Pearl River. Since then, the Guangzhou city wall has only been repaired but not expanded.

From the changes of the ancient city of Guangzhou in the past dynasties, it can be seen that the location of the center of Guangzhou has not changed much in the past two thousand years, and it is basically within the scope of Yuexiu District. Beijing Road has always been in the central axis of Guangzhou.

Extended data

Top Ten Historic Buildings in Guangzhou Ancient City

Zhenhai building 1

1380, Guangzhou City was expanded, and a five-story red wall was built on the Yuexiu Mountain in the north of the city. At that time, the Pearl River was called zhenhai tower because it was as wide as the sea. For nearly a thousand years, it has been the commanding height of Guangzhou.

2. Zhongshan Memorial Hall

Built in 1929, it is an octagonal palace building on the old central axis of Guangzhou. There is the oldest recorded kapok tree in Guangzhou at the north gate of the memorial courtyard, which is 349 years old.

3. Guangxiao Temple

Without Yangcheng, filial piety comes first. Guangxiao Temple was originally the residence of Zhao Jiande, king of South Vietnam. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu Guoyu turned his later house into a temple.

There are many historical relics of dynasties in the temple, including a big bodhi tree, which is the earliest recorded transplanted bodhi tree in China. Legend has it that the sixth ancestor Huineng saw the monk arguing under this tree: Is the wind moving? Moving, huh? I was shocked by the sentence "not the wind, not the movement, but the heart of the benevolent".

4. Liubanyan Pagoda

In the third year of Liang Datong, the shaman mage asked the Buddha relic in southern Fujian to build a stupa in front of the main hall of Bao Zhuang Yan Temple.

Liu Rong Temple Tower is 57 meters high and octagonal, with nine floors, including 17 floors. It climbed up the steps to the top of the tower, overlooking the city. The shape of the tower is gorgeous and spectacular, with a bell hanging from the eaves. The whole tower seems to be a style, also called a flower tower.

5. Guangxiaotang

Guangxiaotang, built in 1920s, is one of the largest Christian churches in Guangzhou. The appearance is a combination of Chinese and western religious modeling, and the most distinctive feature of the whole church is the huge stained glass window on the second floor. The morning sun shines directly, and the light transmitted from the inside of the church is gorgeous.

6. Huaisheng Lighthouse

In the first year of Zhenguan, Arabs crossed the ocean, arrived in the eastern land of Datang, and built the Islamic Huaisheng Temple and the bunker tower in Guangzhou. As the first port of China on the Maritime Silk Road, the lighthouse tens of meters high along the Pearl River in Guangzhou has always been a lighthouse for foreign merchant ships.

Things have changed a lot. Now the Pearl River waterfront has retreated a few miles to the south, and the shallow bay of the Pearl River has also impacted the delta. New or old modern buildings have sprung up everywhere, leaving only the Millennium lighthouse independent of the building complex.

7. The first floor of Lingnan

Wuxian Temple, located in Huifu West Road, is one of the few relatively complete Ming Dynasty tower structures in Guangzhou.

The first floor of Lingnan is also called Forbidden Bell Tower, and a bronze bell of Ming Dynasty hangs in the middle of the second floor. This bell is used to call for rescue in case of a serious fire accident, and it is forbidden to hit anything, hence the name "No Bell".

8. Sacred Heart Stone Cathedral

1856, the British and French allied forces captured Guangzhou and razed the Governor's Office of Guangdong and Guangxi to the ground. After that, it took more than 20 years to build a Gothic Catholic church with this stone structure on this old site. On Christmas Eve, the church lights up once a year to show the world the splendor of this19th century building.

9. Lu Xun Memorial Hall

Huangzhonglou building was built in 1920s. It turned out to be the bell tower of National Sun Yat-sen University, where Lu Xun once lived while teaching. It is the prototype of the emblem of Sun Yat-sen University. It is also the site of the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang. Now it is the Lu Xun Memorial Hall in Guangzhou.

Aiqun Building 10

Jiang Yan West Road 1937 completed, with a height of 64m and a floor of *** 18. It was praised by the press at that time as "opening a new era of high-rise buildings in Guangzhou" and maintained its position as "the tallest building in Guangzhou" for 30 years. It is the historical testimony of the West Changjiang Road as the "Bund" in Guangzhou.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Guangzhou