Anne Frank: History and Legacy

Anne Frank, 6 years old, went to school in Amsterdam in 1940. Anne Frank was a teenage Jewish girl who kept a diary while her family hid from the Nazis during World War II. For two years she and seven others lived in a "secret annex" in Amsterdam before being discovered and sent to a concentration camp. Anne died in the Bergen-Belsen camp in 1945. Frank's father was the only survivor of the family. He decided to publish the diary to detail Anne's thoughts, feelings and experiences while in hiding. It has been an international bestseller and a key part of Holocaust education programs for decades. Several humanitarian organizations are dedicated to her legacy.

"Anne was a lively and talented girl who expressed her observations, feelings, self-reflections, fears, hopes and dreams in her diary," Annemarie of the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam Baker said her words resonated with people around the world. Early Life

Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany on June 12, 1929. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Annese Marie Frank was born to Otto and Edith Frank. Otto Frank was a German Army lieutenant in World War I and later a businessman. Anne's sister Margot is three years older than her.

The Franks were progressive Jews who lived in the interreligious suburbs of Frankfurt until the autumn of 1933. Anti-Semitism has been on the rise in Germany for several years. In January 1933, when the Nazi Party led by Hitler took control of Germany, the Franks moved to Amsterdam. Anne described the move in her diary: "Because we were Jewish, my father immigrated to the Netherlands in 1933 and became general manager of the Dutch company OPECTA, which produced products for making jam."

The Franks enjoyed the freedom and acceptance they found in Amsterdam. According to Melissa Muller's book Anne Frank: The Biography (Picador, 2014), Anne attended the sixth Montessori school in Amsterdam, where she was a A bright and curious student with many friends of all backgrounds and beliefs. Otto Frank founded a food ingredients wholesale company in Amsterdam. In May 1940, the Nazis invaded Amsterdam, and Franks was once again in trouble. Jews must wear the yellow star of David and observe strict curfews. They are prohibited from owning businesses. Otto Frank transferred ownership of the company to the Christian Society but ran it from behind the scenes. According to Mueller, Anne and Margot had to be transferred to a segregated Jewish school. Anne wrote: "After May 1940, the good times were numbered; first came the war, then the surrender, then the arrival of the Germans, and this was the beginning of the trouble for the Jews."

1942 On June 12, 2011, Anne's 13th birthday, Otto gave her a red and white notebook that she had picked up for shopping locally. Anne decided to use it as a diary. Her first words were: "I wish I could confide everything to you, because I have never confided in anyone, and I hope you can be a great source of comfort and support."

1942 In July, the Germans began sending Dutch Jews to concentration camps. According to the "***" report, the Franks tried to immigrate to the United States, but were denied visas. According to the Anne Frank House, the Otto family began planning to go into hiding.

Otto set up a hideout in the back annex of his company, run by his Jewish business partner Hermann van Pels and his colleague Johannes K. Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler helped. The hiding place was at 263 Princen Lacht, an area with many small companies and warehouses.

On July 5, 1942, Maggot received a summons to report to the concentration camp. The Franks went into hiding the next day, weeks earlier than planned. A week later, the Van Pels family joined the Frank family in what they called their "secret annex." According to Moore, the "Secret Attachment" that held eight people in her mind for two years sent a statement that no matter what happened, these were important things.

On March 28, 1944, residents of the Secret Annex heard a special news report on the radio. Dutch Cabinet Minister Gerrit Bolkestein announced that diaries and other documents would be collected after the war to preserve what happened for future generations. Anne decided to submit her diary and began revising it for future readers, Klebbe said. She conceived a novel about secret attachments.

Anne's diary reveals a young woman who was insightful, confident and direct. She hoped to become a famous author, writing: "I can't imagine having to live like my mother, Mrs. Van Pels, and all the other women who worked and were forgotten.

I needed something to devote myself to besides a husband and kids! "I didn't want to live in vain like most people," said Clayby.

This perspective helped Anne become a role model for girls. She wrote honestly. She is writing for a wider audience, and the image she projects is often that of someone who has confidence in herself. She is a great example of how to express yourself in your writing and write for change.

"She talks very intimately about girly things, which I think are important as well. It's a very radical act. It's something women don't want to do. She emphasizes that these things are really important.

Anne also wrote about the loss of nature, Jewish ethics, and her views on human nature. One of her most famous essays is one such reflection. Anne wrote: "Despite this, I still believe in the heart of people. Be truly kind. "

Anne's last diary entry was on August 1, 1944. Arrest, capture and execution

It was on August 4, 1944 that the German police raided the secret Attachment. All who were in hiding were arrested. It is not known how police discovered the attachment, perhaps by a warehouse worker or helper Bep Woski's sister Nellie in 2016. In September, Anne Frank House published a new theory based on the organization's investigations. This idea posits that illegal fraud with ration coupons also occurred at 263 Prinsengracht, where police discovered the secret attachment.

The residents of the secret annex were first sent to the Westerbork transit camp, where they were held in a punishment area. On September 3, 1944, they were sent to Auschwitz, where the men and women were separated. Anne saw her father for the last time. Anne, Margaret and Edith remained together, doing hard labor, until November 1, 1944, when Margaret and Anne were transferred to Bergenberg, Germany. Bergen-Belsen was overcrowded and infectious diseases were rampant. Anne and Margot fell ill with typhus and died a few days later in February 1945. Anne died. According to Baker, the exact date of their death is unknown

Otto Frank was the only survivor of the Annex's publication of the diary

Miep-Gies. Anne Frank's diary was found after her arrest. After hearing about Anne's death, Gies gave it to Otto, who returned to Amsterdam and read her diary, the Anne Frank House reported. It was "a revelation." There I lost a child who was completely different from Anne.

Otto knew that Anne wanted to publish her diary. Ultimately deciding to grant her wish, he combined her original diary with the edited one, which was eventually published in 1947 because parts of her original diary were missing and the edited one was incomplete. Several editorial changes and passages concerning Anne's sexuality and negative feelings toward Edith

Different versions, including an unabridged version and a revised critical version, have been published, with O. Editors of To. Screen and stage adaptations of "Diary of Anne Frank" have been produced and have been translated into 70 languages. Legacy

"Anne's descriptions of time hidden in secret annexes; her powers of observation and self-reflection; her fears, hopes and dreams still impress readers around the world," Bekker told Live Science that through Anne's diary, people began to learn about World War II and the Holocaust, and they read about how they were ostracized and persecuted. After all these years, Anne's diary still has contemporary relevance.

Anne Frank is so famous that she has become a sacred figure, Klebbe said. Several organizations do humanitarian work on her behalf.

People often only focus on the humanitarian themes in Anne’s diary but ignore the other parts. Klebbe said that she was positive and tried to see the good in things, but in many ways, she "Just a teenage girl trying to deal with being a teenage girl, but in extremes," Klebbe said. "I think that's really what her story is about. ... It intersects with a lot of people's experiences."

The diary is fairly easy to read, which has made it a popular feature in elementary school classrooms around the world, Baker said. It offers a different perspective on the Holocaust because it's not about a concentration camp and one child. Its raw honesty also sets it apart from other history books, but Kleiber warns educators against using Anne Frank's diary only to teach about the Holocaust. And a good entry point into the child's experience is that we have her diary, but we have to consider how many other little girls there are for whom we don't have diaries.

Additional Resources Anne Frank Museum Amsterdam: Anne Frank Official Website United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Anne Frank Writer: An Unfinished Story Jewish Virtual Library: Anne Frank