The influence of colonization on Australian aborigines

Indigenous Australians are immigrants from Asia. As early as the last ice age 40,000 years ago, when the sea level was much lower than it is now and the Australian continental plate was not completely separated from the Asian plate, the aborigines walked along the mainland and crossed the narrow strait with small wooden boats and came to Australia.

Australia at that time was completely different from now. The whole continental shelf is covered by forests and lakes, and there are a large number of giant animals, including birds such as kangaroos up to three meters high. After tens of thousands of years of earth changes, with the increase of temperature, the earth has experienced the process of melting glaciers, flooding and drying. Australia has become an isolated and dry island, and its original lake has become a huge desert. The climatic conditions in many places are no longer suitable for human survival. Many indigenous people moved to the coastal areas, learned to live in a difficult environment, and learned to make tools such as stone tools, wood products and nets. One of the most distinctive tools is bidding, which can fly back automatically after being thrown. However, the indigenous people's favorite tool is sharpened wooden sticks, which they use to dig up root food and small animals underground.

It was not until 1768 that Captain Cook set out from England for the South Pacific, launched an expedition to discover the eastern part of Australia, and occupied the east coast in 1770. Shortly after Captain Cook discovered Australia, the United States declared independence, forcing Britain to find another place to exile criminals, so a new prison was opened in Australia. 1787, the first exile fleet consisting of 1 1 ships set out from England with 759 prisoners and 206 crew members, and began the history of large-scale European immigration to Australia. Due to the conflict between land and biological resources, and the original weapons of aborigines can't resist foreign aggression at all, at least 20,000 aborigines died in the land conflict, many aborigines became slaves, and most aborigines lost fertile and feasible land and were driven to barren land. What is even more disastrous is that immigrants have brought a lot of diseases, which have made the aborigines who are already short of living resources worse. By 1933, the number of aborigines in Australia was only about 70,000.

It was not until the twentieth century that the Australian government began to realize that it had violated the rights of Australian aborigines and began to gradually improve its relations with them. After World War II, the government began to try to assimilate the aborigines, forcing them to live in towns and receive the education of European culture. The real improvement of indigenous human rights began in 1960, when the government set up an indigenous affairs agency, and the indigenous people became the aborigines of Australia, and part of the land was returned to the original aborigines. 1962 indigenous people have gained the right to vote. Now Australian aborigines are favored by many policies.