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Hubei province

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This entry is compiled with reference to the Guide to Editing Administrative Region Entries; If you have any suggestions or want to participate in the arrangement, you are welcome to communicate with the Encyclopedia Geography Group.

Hubei, referred to as "Hubei" for short, is the capital of Wuhan, which is located in the south of central China, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and north of Dongting Lake, hence the name.

Hubei is between 29 05 ′ and 33 20 ′ north latitude, east longitude10821′ and16 07 ′, bordering Anhui in the east, Jiangxi and Hunan in the south, Chongqing in the west, Shaanxi in the northwest and Henan in the north. Hubei Province is surrounded by mountains in the east, west and north, and Jianghan Plain, the land of plenty, is in the middle.

Hubei is a transportation hub connecting east and west and connecting north and south. Wuhan Tianhe International Airport is an important airport in the inland of China. The Yangtze River runs from west to east, crossing the whole province1062km. The Yangtze River and its largest tributary, the Han River, have moist chutian, vertical and horizontal water networks and dense lakes, so Hubei is also called "the province of thousands of lakes". [ 1]

Hubei has a profound cultural heritage, and the hometown of Yan Di, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, is in Hubei. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chu created Chu culture in the history of more than 800 years. [2]

Hubei has a glorious revolutionary tradition. From the Revolution of 1911 in Wuchang to the founding of New China, Hubei made an important contribution to the victory of the China Revolution. During the New Democratic Revolution, more than 200 generals including Dong, Li Xiannian were born in Hongan County alone. [3]

The strength of science, education and culture in Hubei Province ranks among the top in China, and it is an important higher education base in China. [4] The level of scientific research in Hubei Province is leading in the country, and the number of national science and technology award-winning projects ranks among the top four in the country for seven consecutive years.

Chinese name

Hubei province

Foreign name

Hubei province

Another name

Hubei, Chu and Jingchu

Administrative category

Provincial administrative region

Belonging area

Central China

region within the jurisdiction

1 sub-provincial cities, 1/prefecture-level cities, 1 autonomous prefectures, 3 municipalities directly under the central government,1forest areas.

Government residence

No.3 Shuiguohu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City

Telephone area code

027,07 07 10/0 to 0728

postcode

430,000 to 443,000

geographical position

South of central China, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Surface product

185900 square kilometers

human population

58 160000 people (resident population 20 14)

Fangyan

Southwest Mandarin, Jianghuai Mandarin, Gan Dialect, etc.

Climatic conditions

Subtropical monsoon humid climate

famous scenic spot

Yellow Crane Tower, Wuhan East Lake, Shennongjia, Wudang Mountain, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Longzhong Scenic Area, etc.

airport

Wuhan Tianhe International Airport, Shiyan Wudang Mountain Airport, Yichang Three Gorges Airport.

train station

Wuchang Station, Hankou Station, Wuhan Station, yichang east railway station Station, Xiangyang Station, etc.

License plate code

East English channel

Major city

Wuhan, Xiangyang, Yichang, Huangshi and Jingzhou.

total output value

295501900 million yuan (20 15)

per capita GDP (gross domestic product)

47,000 yuan (20 14)

Famous university

Wu Da, Huake, Zhongnan Finance, Huanong, etc.

Maximum plain

Jianghan plain

The largest mountain area

Qiyueshan

Current leader

Li Hongzhong, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, and Wang Guosheng, Governor.

The largest lake

Honghu lake

catalogue

Historical evolution of 1

The origin of place names

Organizational system evolution

2 administrative divisions

3 geographical environment

Location context

topography

climate

hydrology

4 Natural resources

water resource

land resources

Biological resources

mineral resources

5 transportation hub

highway

railway

water transportation

aviation

6 Population and nationality

7 humanistic environment

Religious distribution

Tourist attraction

cultural relics and historic sites

Famous dishes

8 Political structure

Standing Committee of provincial party Committee

provincial government

9 Economic development

situation

primary industry

Secondary industry

service industry

10 society

health protection

Education business

Scientific and technological undertakings

Sports cause

Ensure people's livelihood

1 1 national culture

History and culture

Dialect slang

Communication art

National customs

12 foreign exchange

13 local specialties

14 celebrities

The development of history

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The origin of place names

Hubei province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, north of Dongting Lake, hence the name Hubei, referred to as Hubei. [5]

Organizational system evolution

During the Xia Dynasty, the influence of Xia culture had reached Jianghan area. After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, Hubei was incorporated into the territory of Shang Dynasty. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hubei Province had

Hubei during the Warring States Period

Many small countries have emerged. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, southern countries gradually unified with Chu.

After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 BC1), the enfeoffment system was abolished and the county system was implemented. Most parts of Hubei belong to Nanjun, while parts of northwest, north and southwest belong to Hanzhong, Nanyang, Changsha, Guizhou and Jiujiang.

Jingzhou Secretariat Department under Hubei Province in the Western Han Dynasty; Nanjun, Nanyang, Jiangxia, Hanzhong and Lujiang counties in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu fought for Jingzhou, and later Wei and Wu divided Jiangxia County, Wuchang County, Nanjun County, Yidu County, Jianping County, Wuling County, Changsha County, Xiangyang County, Nanyang County, Nanxiang County, Yiyang County, Wei Xing County, Xincheng County and Shang Yong County.

During the Jin Dynasty, most parts of Hubei still belonged to Jiangxia, Xiangyang, Nanjun, Jianping, Yidu, Yiyang, Nanxiang, Nanyang, Shang Yong, Xincheng, Nanping, Changsha, Tianmen, Wuling and Weixin counties in Jingzhou, and overseas Chinese began to settle in prefectures, counties and counties.

From Yongjia period of Jin Huai Emperor to Yuanjia period of Southern Song Dynasty, immigrants moved south. Among them, immigrants from Jiangling and Songzi areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River valley in Hubei mainly came from Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, and a small amount came from Huaihe River valley in Anhui and Jiangsu. Most immigrants from Wuchang and Huangmei in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River come from Henan, and some immigrants come from Huaibei, Anhui. However, the main area where Hubei accepts immigrants is the Hanjiang River Basin, from Yunxi and Zhuxi to Yicheng and Zhongxiang, with Xiangyang as the center. [6]

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Hubei mainly belonged to the Southern Dynasty, and there were still prefectures, counties and counties, while the number of overseas Chinese prefectures, counties and counties increased, with frequent changes and disordered organizational system.

After the national reunification of the Sui Dynasty, overseas Chinese settled in prefectures, counties and counties, which was restored in the third year of the Sui Dynasty (607). Today, except the northwest part and the east corner, most of Hubei Province belongs to Jingzhou, which commands Nanjun, Yiling, Jingling, Mianyang, Qingjiang, Xiangyang, Fuling, Hanjiang, Anlu, Yong 'an and Jiangxia counties. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (589), Jiangxia County was once renamed Ezhou, which governed Jiangxia, and then Ezhou became the governing place. Hubei, now referred to as Hubei, originated here.

In the early Tang Dynasty [7], the whole country was divided into ten roads, and then increased to fifteen roads. The west of Hubei is Shannan East Road, and the east is

Hubei province

Huainan Road has Jiangnan West Road in the southeast and Guizhou Middle Road in the southwest. Ezhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangxia, and Jingshan and Fushui are changed to Yunzhou, including Xiangzhou, Suizhou, Zhou Jun, Zhoufang, Zhou Xia, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, qi zhou, Anzhou, Huangzhou and Yunzhou 15. Later, Shannan Dongdao, Jingnan and Wuchang were established to lead the states.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the seven states of Xiang, Jun, Fang, Sui, Ying, Fu and An in Hubei belonged to the Five Dynasties, while the three states of Huang, Qi and E belonged to Wu at the beginning and later to the Southern Tang Dynasty. Huang Heqi returned to the last week. Jiangling (924 ~ 963) is the capital of Nanping in Jiangling area, which is divided into Jing, Guangxi and Xia. Shizhou belongs to Shu.

In the Song Dynasty, Jinghu Road was set up in central Hubei (the name of Hubei began), including Hubei, Fujian, Xixia, Guizhou, Jiangling House, De 'an House, Jingmen Army and Hanyang Army. (under the jurisdiction of 33 counties), accounting for most of Hubei; Jingxi South Road is located in the north, including Sui, Jin, Fang, Jun, Ying, Xiangyang and Guanghua Army (19 county). East to the Yangtze River, north to Huainan West Road, Qi and Huang Erzhou (5 counties), south to Jiangnan West Road, it is the Xingguo Army (3 counties); There is Shizhou in the west, which belongs to Kuizhou Road. Southwest Hubei is the Jimo area. After the Jingkang Rebellion, two thirds of Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province came from Nanchang Prefecture. Eastern Hubei and northern Hubei come from Nanchang, Raozhou. [8]

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were three Chinese book provinces in China, 1 1 Chinese book provinces. In today's Hubei, the south of the Yangtze River belongs to Huguang Province (governing Jiangxia, now Wuchang, Wuhan), including Wuchang Road, Xingguo Road, Hanyangfu and Guizhou; North of the Yangtze River belongs to Henan Province, including Xiangyang Road, Huangzhou Road, qi zhou Road, Zhongxing Road, Zhou Xia Road, Anlufu, Mianyang House and Jingmen House. The northwest corner belongs to Shaanxi Province, and Kuizhou Road and Jimofu in the west belong to Sichuan Province.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Hubei was a province of Huguang. Then it was divided into 13 departments. Today, Hubei basically belongs to the political department of Huguang (in charge of Jiangxia, now Wuchang and Wuhan), including Wuchang, Hanyang, Huangzhou, Chengtianfu, Dean, Jingzhou, Xiangyang, Yunyang, Yongzhou, Yuezhou, Hanyang, Hengzhou, Changde, Chenzhou, Changsha, Baoqing and Liping. [6]

The system of the Ming Dynasty was still used in the early Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Huguang was divided into two parts, with Dongting Lake as the boundary and Hunan Political Department as the south. In the north, it is the political department and ambassador of Hubei, and it is designated as Wuchang, the capital of Hubei. Hubei is ahead of Wuchang, Hanyang, Huangzhou, Anlu, De 'an, Jingzhou, Xiangyang and Yunyang. The general situation of administrative divisions in Hubei Province has basically taken shape. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Hubei Province * * * led Wuchang, Hanyang, Anlu, Xiangyang, Yunyang, De 'an, Huangzhou, Jingzhou, Yichang, Shinan and other places 10 mansion, as well as 60 counties and 6 scattered states 1 scattered halls such as Jingmen Zhili Prefecture and Hefeng Zhili Hall. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi, the Qing army killed innocent people in order to destroy the rebels, and the population was exhausted and deserted. According to the decree of the Qing court, many residents in Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei were forced to move. People call this great migration "Jiangxi fills Huguang and Huguang fills Sichuan". [6]

During the Republic of China, the overall division of Hubei Province changed little. 19 1 1 year, the "Xinhai Revolution" broke out in Wuchang, Hubei Province. 19 12 years, the organizational system of government, state and Ministry was abolished and re-divided, and the whole province was divided into two administrative regions: road and county; 1927, cancel the first-level organizational system and implement provincial and county administrative regions; 1932, adding an administrative supervision area between provinces and counties; By 1949, 1 city (Wuchang and Hankou are municipalities directly under the national government), 8 administrative supervision areas and 69 counties were established in Hubei Province.

After 1927, the people's revolutionary armed forces led by China's * * * production party established many revolutionary regimes. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the peasant regime in Huang An was established and expanded into the government of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas and the government of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas. Five Soviet counties in western Hunan and Hubei joined the county government, and later changed to the Soviet government in western Hunan and Hubei and the Soviet government in western Hunan and Hubei provinces.

194 1 in April, the administrative office of the Hubei-Henan border region was established, and from October to June, 1945 1946, it was expanded to the administrative office of the Central Plains Liberated Area.

From August 1946 to May 1947, five regions were established in northwest Hubei.

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