Who can provide the details of the environmental damage caused by the Three Gorges Project?

The adverse effects are mainly manifested in the following four aspects: First, it will aggravate the already sharp contradiction between people and land in the reservoir area. When the normal water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir is1.75m, 360,000 mu of cultivated land and garden land are flooded; The relocation of cities, counties, market towns, rural settlements, industrial and mining enterprises and the reconstruction of professional projects such as highways in the resettlement area will also occupy nearly 70 thousand mu of cultivated land. This has aggravated the contradiction between population and land in the Three Gorges reservoir area. If there are no proper and effective measures, we only insist on being close to the farm and trying to expand the farm garden, which will inevitably lead to large-scale deforestation and steep slope planting, new soil erosion and further deterioration of the living environment. Rural immigrants will not only be unable to get rich, but also cause difficulties for the further economic development of the reservoir area. In particular, the environmental capacity of rural immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area has been further reduced after the state stipulates that sloping fields above 25 degrees must be returned to forests and grasslands, and sloping fields below 25 degrees must be transformed into terraces. How to make rural migrants "move out, stay and gradually get rich" and protect the ecological environment in the reservoir area, so as to promote the transformation of the ecological environment in the reservoir area into a virtuous circle, which has become the primary task to eliminate the adverse effects of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment. Second, it will further aggravate the water pollution in some sections of the Three Gorges reservoir area. Before the completion of the Three Gorges Project, water pollution in some sections of the reservoir area was very serious. However, due to the large flow, fast velocity and strong self-purification ability of the Yangtze River, the consequences are not serious. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, especially in winter, the upstream inflow decreases, which slows down the reservoir water flow rate and reduces the reoxygenation diffusion capacity. If all kinds of pollution sources are not treated in time, a lot of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage will still be discharged into the Yangtze River, and the water pollution in some sections will be further aggravated, even threatening the water source of urban domestic water. Therefore, according to the national laws and regulations on ecological environment protection, the industrial wastewater and solid waste in the Three Gorges reservoir area must be treated within a time limit; Domestic sewage and garbage must also be treated within a time limit, which has become the second important task to eliminate the adverse effects of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment. Third, after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, some unstable collapses and landslides will slide into the Yangtze River, and some will threaten the lives and property of local people. How to control some predicted unstable collapses and landslides before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (some can be controlled by engineering and some can be moved to avoid) has become the third important task to eliminate the adverse impact of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment. Fourthly, after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the close-up landscape of the upper reaches of Xiling Gorge and some tributaries formed by low mountains will be affected to some extent; It will also flood the ground cultural relics and underground cultural relics in the flooded area. Therefore, do a good job in the landscape protection and development planning of the Three Gorges reservoir area and seriously implement it; According to the national cultural relics protection laws and regulations, the rescue protection and excavation of ground and underground cultural relics has become the fourth important task to eliminate the adverse effects of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment.