Besides being colonized, why did you study South American history?

America includes North America and South America. The word America is short for America. America was named in memory of an Italian navigator named Amerigo Weiss Pucci. 1499. Amerigo sailed from the sea to India with a fleet led by Portuguese ojeda. They sailed along the route taken by Columbus, overcame many difficulties and finally reached the American continent. Amerigo made a detailed investigation on the northeast coast of South America and compiled the latest map. 1507, his book Sea Travel Tales came out, which caused a sensation all over the world. In this book, the process of "discovering" the new continent is described in a fascinating way, and the mainland is described and rendered vividly. Amerigo announced the concept of the new continent to the world, and suddenly crossed the earth structure system formulated by the absolute authority of western geography in the Middle Ages. Therefore, several French scholars revised and supplemented Doremus's masterpiece Cosmology, and named the New World after Amerigo in recognition of his outstanding contribution to human understanding of the world. After the publication of the new book Cosmology, according to the materials in the book, a new continent, Amerigo, was added to the map. Later, according to the word formation form of other continents, "Amerigo" was changed to "Americana". At first, the name was just a guide to America, and through the Mercator map of 154 1, North America was also a part of America.

Folding the Middle Ages

Indians were the earliest pioneers in South America. The plateau in the middle of the Andes is the birthplace of ancient civilization in South America. As early as around 10 century, the Incas, an Indian tribe living in this area, established the Inca Empire centered on Cuzco in southern Peru.

At the peak of15th century, its territory started from northern Ecuador in the north and reached Talka in Chile in the south, with a population of about 900 ~120,000. At that time, agriculture was quite developed, with corn, beans, potatoes, cassava, quinoa and other crops planted, llamas and alpacas domesticated, and reached a high level in water conservancy irrigation projects, transportation routes, construction and handicrafts. Brilliant Inca culture is an important part of human material civilization and spiritual civilization. Colombia, southern Chile and Paraguay are relatively densely populated areas outside the Inca Empire.

After folding modernity

16th century

Liberator "Simó n Bolí var"

At the beginning, Portuguese and Spanish colonists from Iberian Peninsula in Europe began to invade. Portugal invaded Brazil, and Spain ruled a vast area of South America except Brazil.

/kloc-At the end of 0/6, British, French and Dutch colonialists fought fiercely to carve up Guyana and some offshore islands. Since then, the whole continent has entered a period of 300 years of colonial rule. Spain has established three viceroy posts in South America: Peru (including Peru and Chile), Granada Novo (including Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela) and La Plata (including Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay), and Portugal has established a viceroy post in Brazil. Colonists used violence to promote all kinds of slavery, forced Indians to work in plantations or mines for free, and plundered land and gold and silver wealth in South America.

Indian homes were destroyed, ancient civilizations were destroyed, and the population dropped sharply. In order to supplement the shortage of labor, the colonists imported a large number of black slaves from Africa. The mercantilist policy of the suzerain forced the colonial people to specialize in producing one or two kinds of agricultural and mineral products that could make huge profits in the international market, forming a single product system, which led to abnormal social and economic development. With the influx of immigrants, the social systems, customs, religious beliefs and cultural traditions of Spain, Portugal and other countries spread to all parts of South America, and Spanish and Portuguese gradually replaced Indian and became the common official languages.

South America. See AMERICA

The people of South America have waged a long and heroic struggle for freedom and reconciliation. In the second half of the18th century, the colonial system maintained by the suzerain country became the biggest obstacle to social development. The development of this major contradiction pushed the people of South America onto the road of the war of independence.

18 10, the fire of armed uprisings spread all over South America. After more than ten years of bloody fighting, the colonial rule of Spain and Portugal was finally overthrown. By 1826, 10 national independent countries were established one after another, and only a few areas such as Guyana were still under colonial rule of Britain, France and the Netherlands. After independence, the nominal bourgeoisie and the state power were controlled by the native white landlord class and the bureaucratic comprador bourgeoisie, which practiced dictatorship and maintained the land ownership and feudal exploitation of the big manor, and the economic development was slow. Britain, the United States and other countries take advantage of this situation to turn the country into a place where they supply raw materials, dump goods and export capital.

In particular, the United States, which rose at the end of 19, with its economic strength and favorable geographical position, squeezed out other countries and became the hegemon of South America. The people of South America have waged a long struggle against imperialism, hegemonism, colonialism and safeguarding national sovereignty. After World War II, the struggle became deeper and wider. South American countries took the lead in launching the struggle against the maritime hegemony of superpowers, set off a wave of nationalization with the restoration of national resources as the main content, actively promoted regional economic integration, worked hard to establish a new international economic order in former British Guiana, and made great achievements in developing national economy.

1966 and 1975, British Guiana and Dutch Guiana (Suriname) gained independence from colonial rule. In South America, there are 12 independent countries besides the disputed French Guiana and Malvinas Islands (called Falkland Islands in Britain) between Britain and Argentina. They are all developing countries.