Records of Tancheng Earthquake in Juxian County, Linyi City

1668 On July 25th, shortly after Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, Tancheng County in Linyi (June 17th, 7th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty) was in complete darkness, but the night was not as calm as usual. Dogs are barking, chickens are flying around in panic, and cows, donkeys, livestock and other wild animals become crazy. People don't know what happened, but they feel shrouded in a sense of fear and foreboding. There was a strange roar in the sky, a strange light lit up the night sky and the earth, and then the earth began to tremble and sway. At that time, the ground collapsed and the wall fell. The screams of dying people are mixed with the sound of houses collapsing, the sound of the earth shaking, the cries of people and the screams of animals. With the spread of seismic waves, the surrounding areas have also fallen into this tragic and chaotic scene, just like the coming of the end of the world. ..... This is Tancheng Juxian earthquake. According to historical records, the magnitude of the Tancheng earthquake is about 8.5 degrees, which is the strongest earthquake in eastern China. The total sensitive area of the earthquake is nearly 2 million square kilometers, and the area with earthquake damage records is 6.5438+0.9 million square kilometers. Floods occurred in some areas, the Yellow River was flooded, and the Yangtze River was shaken and set off huge waves, resulting in countless deaths. Tancheng's "enemy-occupied areas are all like classes and grades, and one town in Li Jiazhuang is trapped and there are many people" and "houses collapse"; Juxian "about hundreds of thousands of houses collapsed". "The city is full of cracks, one foot wide, two or three feet long, or dozens of feet, hundreds of steps, and there are also cross-shaped cracks. The cliff in the southeast of the city is three feet wide "; "Maji landslide scattered all over the place, Wulugu Mountain split in two, Yanjiagu, Xuanfengduo, Keruoduo, Maqi Mountain and Dashan split in two." The local earthquake intensity in Rizhao is about 7.8, the city walls collapsed, all the houses were destroyed, and thousands of people were killed or injured ... It has been more than 300 years now, and it is impossible to count how many people died in the earthquake. Let's look at a set of numbers. Tancheng, "kill men, women and children. According to the last book, it is strange that people killed 1500 people. " Yizhou ","it is strange that people killed twelve thousand people. "Lanshan County (now Linyi County)," 556 people were killed in the earthquake ". In Juzhou, "more than 590 people were killed, including more than 20,000 men, women and children. "Yi Shui", "Except for the earthquake that killed 1295 people, it actually existed in 29,000 households with 860 people". Because the population was not dense at that time, the death toll already accounted for a large proportion of the total population in the area, and it did not include the deaths caused by floods.

At that time, Feng Keshen, a county official in Tancheng County, Shandong Province, wrote Song of the Victims.

Song Yue:

Tancheng Yelao cried along the countryside, claiming that the earthquake was tea poison.

Suddenly, if there is thunder in the air, the earth will be overturned. '

Or ride a horse on a dangerous slope, or shake the shaft like a huge wave.

Suddenly, sand springs flooded everywhere, and suddenly they all dried up.

When you crack and sink into a deep pit, it's hard to stop.

The evil wind is rustling and the fog is everywhere.

Escape to death in chaos, call each other, call each other.

Look up and you can't see the person in front, and you can't see the house.

After a period of time and space, the Committee was broken and disabled.

How many villages out of a thousand can survive?

Young women are sad at dusk, while old women are old enough to care for their grandchildren.

There is a jack-o'-lantern every night, and every family cries a new soul under the moon.

If there is no coffin alkali in the carrion, reeds are woven into the tomb.

All the knots in An Peng are in the wild.

How many lonely people cry on the roadside and have no home to return to.

I care about my relatives, so I don't care who will take Sha Zhu.

My wife was buried in the barren hills, crying and steaming millet in the kitchen.

It is more bitter and rainy, and Akita is full of water.

This year's two wheat taxes will be closed, and next year's meat will be cut.

Wow! I think,

Natural disasters push each other, when will the long lock be opened?

This is really a strange disaster.

● Time of the earthquake.

1July 25th, 668 19: 00 or so (June 17th, 7th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty)

● epicenter location

The junction of Tancheng, Linyi and Linshu counties in Shandong Province, China is located in Linyi area of Shandong Province, now in Juxian County.

● Order of magnitude

Level 8.5

● Depth of focus

About 36 kilometers

● epicenter intensity

Twelve degrees, mountains and rivers change scenery-all buildings are generally destroyed, the terrain changes dramatically, and animals and plants are destroyed; The highest earthquake intensity in China,

● Earthquake nickname

Tancheng-Linyi earthquake, Tancheng-Juxian earthquake, Tancheng Maipo earthquake.

sphere of influence

According to records, at that time, the earthquake affected more than 465,438+00 counties, and was felt in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi and Fujian provinces and North Korea. Shandong Tancheng, Yizhou (now Linyi) and Juzhou (now Juxian) suffered the most. More than 500,000 square kilometers of 150 counties were damaged to varying degrees, with a sensible radius of more than 800 kilometers. In earthquake areas, city walls, official residences, temples, etc. Once destroyed, Tancheng collapsed to the ground, and there were no houses in Juzhou, accompanied by large-scale landslides, subsidence, water gushing and sand spraying. When the earthquake happened, it was like a ship's roof, like an orange falling up and down, collapsing into a ravine and spinning into an abyss. Sand and stones rushed into the well, trees on the side of the ground died and hundreds of valleys fell. * * * has killed more than 50,000 people, and there are dead bodies everywhere, and many people can't be buried. Where the village is valued, the stench is everywhere. Rainstorm and scorching sun, plague and dysentery followed, and people were distracted. More than 500,000 square kilometers around the epicenter 150 counties were damaged to varying degrees, more than 50,000 people died, and the induction radius was more than 800 kilometers. There were 6.5-7. 1 aftershocks after the earthquake.

The earthquake zone starts from Juxian County in the north, reaches Xinyi in the south, and is distributed along the Yishu fault zone in the northeast. The intensity of some areas in Tancheng County and Linshu County reached 12 degrees, and the intensity of other areas reached XI degrees. When the earthquake happened, the trees on one side of the ground were covered and hundreds of valleys fell. Battlements, public rafters, official residences, temples, etc. All were destroyed at the same time, the landslide was cut off, the ground turned into a deep, and sand poured into the well. Tancheng towers and village temples collapsed like the ground, and ground fissures gushed out, spraying as high as two or three feet. Ground fissures or cracks are too wide to cross, or cracks are too deep to view, and thousands of towns in Li Jiazhuang are merged; Yizhou people have no space, the water depth of the flat land is more than ten feet, the water in the well is several feet high, and the ground is cracked; There is no house in Juzhou, and the landslide in Ma Zi is scattered. The building is split in two, Yangu, Cyclone Flower and Maqi Mountain are split in two, and the four towns in the city are split everywhere. There are dead bodies everywhere, and many people can't bury them; Heavy rain and scorching sun, plague and dysentery followed, and people were evacuated.

X-degree area reaches Zhucheng in the north, Xinyi in the south and Mengyin and Feixian in the west. Government houses in Guo Cheng were completely damaged, and countless residents were killed. There were landslides, ground fissures and black sand water, and the water in the apartment was several feet.

Jiudu District reaches Weifang and Yidu in the north, Pixian and Shuyang in Jiangsu Province in the south, Rizhao and Jiaoxian in the east and Yanzhou and Zouxian in the west. There are no rotten official houses, no many human and animal casualties, no ground fissures and landslides, and no gushing water in the sand.

Badu District covers an area of 90,000 square kilometers from Jinan to Changyi and Jimo in the north, Yancheng and Lianshui in Jiangsu in the south and Weishan, Jining and Taian in the west. Countless city walls and official buildings were toppled, and most people and animals were crushed to death, resulting in ground subsidence and landslides.

Area VII starts from Jiaodong Peninsula in the north, reaches Huimin and Dezhou, reaches Huaibei and Bengbu in Anhui Province in the south, reaches Xuyi, Baoying and Dafeng in Jiangsu Province, and reaches Heze and Shangqiu in Henan Province in the west, covering an area of nearly 200,000 square kilometers. How bad battlements and houses are, the people crushed the dead and the ground cracked into black water.

Area VI starts from the Yellow River Estuary in the north, reaches Anqing and Xuancheng in Anhui Province in the south, reaches Shanghai in the south, reaches Jixian and Qiuxian in Hebei Province in the north, and reaches Anyang and Zhengzhou in Henan Province in the west, covering an area of nearly 400,000 square kilometers. It is generally recorded that houses are often dumped or thrown at people.

Description of ancient books

There are records in the county chronicles of dozens of counties in Shandong Province, such as Yishui County Chronicle "Thousand Houses Collapse" and Zhangqiu County Chronicle "Longshan Landslide". Pu Songling, a famous novelist, gave a vivid description in the article Earthquake, the second volume of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The following quotation is from Earthquake: On June 17th, the seventh year of Kangxi, a great earthquake occurred. In (Editor's Note: Linzi today), Fang and his cousin Li drank a candle wine. Suddenly I heard thunder, coming from the southeast and heading northwest. Many people are horrified and don't understand why. In a few cases, the wine glasses were knocked over and the beams and rafters of the house staggered. Take care of each other. After a long time, we know that earthquakes and diseases often appear. I saw pavilions, servants rising, walls falling down and houses falling down, and children singing female trumpets, making a noise. People are dizzy and can't stand up, sitting on the ground and turning sideways. The river overflowed and the whole city crowed and dogs crowed. After a while, I will make a decision. Depending on the street, men and women meet naked, competing to confess and forgetting that they are naked. Later, I heard that a well can't be tilted, a tower moves easily from north to south, Qixia Mountain cracks, Yishui sinks, and is several acres wide. This is really weird.