Who can introduce football?

Football is a sport in which two teams control the ball with their feet and attack and defend on the same field. Football is the most popular and widely developed sport in the world.

The most popular and influential sports event is known as "the first sport in the world". Many countries regard football as a "national game". A wonderful football match attracts success.

Thousands of viewers and hundreds of millions of TV viewers have become an important part of TV programs. Reports on football news occupy the pages of various newspapers and periodicals all over the world. Nowadays, football has become an indispensable part of people's lives. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 800,000 teams that regularly participate in competitions around the world, and there are about 40 million registered athletes, including about 65,438+10,000 professional athletes.

Football is highly antagonistic, and players use all kinds of actions allowed by the rules in the game, including running, stopping, turning, falling to the ground, jumping and bumping, to compete fiercely with their opponents. The length of the competition, the number of spectators and the size of the venue are beyond the reach of any other sport. Traditional football consists of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons and 32 skins. Football matches are divided into 1 1, 7, 5. The age groups are u 15, u 17, u 19 Olympic group and adult group respectively.

[Edit this paragraph] Reasons for becoming the world's number one sport

First, the essence of sports: football itself embodies the characteristics of human sports, and the sudden start between athletes is like a sprint; Goalkeepers jump up and down and jump sideways, just like jumping events; Those athletes with good flexibility hang a gold hook upside down and jump to the top, like gymnastics; The reasonable collision between two players is a bit like the expressive force and aesthetic feeling of football. ...

2. Popularization: One of the important reasons is that football has low requirements for participants. Players who play football, unlike other sports, do not have the big problem of being tall and thin. For example, football, the small one must suffer a big loss; Basketball is the world of "long people" Football, on the other hand, provides all the children in the world with the opportunity to have a "superstar dream".

3. Unpredictability: The contingency of football match results is an important reason for the fanaticism of fans all over the world. Because in the football world, there is no absolute strong team. Manchester United may be "knocked down" by an unknown second division team or even an amateur team. Brazil, which was piled up with stars, was defeated by Japan, which was still immature at that time, in the Olympic football match. 1966, North Korea, a "third world" football team, once defeated Italy and entered the quarter-finals of the World Cup. Therefore, in a football match, you never know the result until the last moment.

4. Handsome guy: Handsome guy on the football field is the reason why football has become the "first sport in the world". There is a simple reason. The girls are worshipping and desperate to go to the stadium to watch the ball (mainly to watch people). Can their boyfriends not worry? Even men who are not interested in football should follow their girlfriends to the stadium. The most important thing is to keep an eye on your girlfriends and prevent them from being taken away by those "sweetheart" on the court.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) environment: Fans are like diners, having a mouth-watering football feast, but the atmosphere of "eating" is better. Lively, atmospheric and spectacular, these football fields have them. Compared with the sultry badminton hall and a small table tennis table, the wide court is magnificent and exciting.

Six, freedom: tens of thousands of fans together, hilarious. To be honest, if you want to watch the ball quietly, who will?

Controversy: "The biggest charm of football is controversy." A farsighted old man said a farsighted sentence. This old man is former FIFA President Havelange. Yes, if football matches are all "dead" and mechanical, then football will lose its great charm. Just because the referee is a person, he may misjudge, take bribes, manipulate the game and so on. This has caused great controversy and more people's attention.

[Edit this paragraph] Sports characteristics

The reason why football has such great charm is not only because it is pregnant with rich connotations, but also because of its characteristics.

First, honesty. In the football match, each team has 1 1 players. 1 1 people on the field should think in unison and act in unison. Move when attacking, and obey all the rules. The overall awareness of participating in the war is stronger. Only by forming an overall attack and defense can we get the initiative of the game and good results.

Second, antagonism. Football is an antagonistic sport with fierce competition. In the competition, the two sides fight for control in hand-to-hand combat, so as to attack the opponent's goal without letting the ball enter their own goal, especially near the two restricted areas, and the competition for time and space is extremely fierce and wonderful. In a high-level competition, both sides fell to the ground more than 200 times because of the competition and collision, which shows the fierce confrontation.

Third, variability. Football is an aperiodic sport with colorful techniques, unpredictable tactics and unpredictable outcome. When using skills and tactics in the competition, they are directly interfered, restricted and resisted by their opponents. Skills and tactics are flexibly used and played according to the specific situation on the field.

Fourth, ease of use. The rules of football match are relatively simple, and the requirements for equipment are not high. There are no strict restrictions on the time, number of participants, venue and equipment of a general football match, so it is a very relaxed mass sports event in the national fitness.

[Edit this paragraph] Origin and development

Football is an ancient sports activity with a long history. It originated from Cuju, an ancient ball game in China, and later spread to Europe through Arabs, and developed into modern football. Therefore, the hometown of football is China. It is said that before the Middle Ages, the Greeks and Romans had already started playing football. On a rectangular court, they put the ball on the white line in the middle and kicked it to the other court with their feet. At that time, they called this game "Baja Storm". Modern football originated in England. It originated from a war between them and Denmark in the12nd century. After the war, the British saw the head of a Danish soldier on the ground. Because Britain hated Danish soldiers very much, it kicked them in the head. By the beginning of19th century, football was quite popular in some countries in Europe and Latin America at that time, especially in capitalist Britain. It was not until 1848 that the first written rule of football, Cambridge Rules, was born.

The so-called "Cambridge Rules" are some rules formulated by three universities in London, Oxford and Cambridge in the early 9th century. At that time, each team had 1 1 people. At that time, there were ten students and a teacher living in each dormitory in the school, so a dormitory-to-dormitory game was played, with each side having 1 1 person. At that time, the current 1 1 football match began. 1863101On October 26th, the British Football Association held a very important meeting in the history of modern English football. The return of the competition was drafted, but some terms are far from today's rules. For example, there was a rule at that time: when the ball entered the space between goalposts or crossed the space above, no matter how high it was, as long as it was not thrown, hit or transported by hand, it was considered as winning. At that time, the position and formation of players were also different from today's: each team had a goalkeeper, a defender, an avant-garde and eight forwards. Soon after the rules were made, the formation changed: one goalkeeper, two defenders, three avant-garde and five forwards. So there are eleven players in the last game.

However, many data show that the appearance of ancient football in China is earlier than that in Europe, with a longer history. In ancient China, football was called Cuju or Tuju, both of which meant kicking, and Juju was the name of the ball. The word "Cuju" first appeared in Historical Records, Bielu by Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty and Biography of Meicheng by Yan Shizeng in Tang Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, "Cuju" was very popular and became an elegant activity in the court. 1958 In July, when Dr. Havelange, the current president of FIFA, came to China, he said: Football originated in China. Of course, due to the limitation of feudal society, the ancient cuju activity in China did not develop into a modern football sport based on the principle of "fair competition". This qualitative leap took place in capitalist Britain.

The history of football

In 307 BC, that is, during the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao reformed and practiced "riding and shooting", and Zhao people learned to ride horses and shoot arrows. Wang Zhao often rides out of town with his cronies, which is very spectacular. One day, when I came to a forest, I saw some rabbits in the forest. As soon as the king opened his mouth, he "captured him alive", so the soldiers divided into four ways and caught him together. I don't want to be scared. Rabbits ran around and escaped from the flat seam of the horse, but found nothing. Everyone shook their heads and sighed. A counselor suddenly brightened up and came forward with a suggestion: "Your Majesty, this kind of pigsty is very interesting. We might as well replace a rabbit with a ball and play every day without leaving the palace. " "Good idea" Wang Dajia praised "this matter is in your charge". Thus, football was born in China. But I was still riding a horse, called Cuju.

In the Han Dynasty, there was a football field dedicated to competitions, which was called "Cheng Ju". Cheng Ju is rectangular, with six megalithic chambers at each end, which are in the shape of a moon cave and symmetrical to each other, and there are walls around the venue. The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period of Cuju activities. During this period, not only has there been great development, but football has also begun to be exported to the outside world. The first place to land is Britain.

Cuju was originally exported as a complete product, but because the traffic was underdeveloped and the means of transportation was very backward at that time, after several months of long journey, when Cuju arrived in England, the horse was exhausted and only one ball was left. However, it is such a dance that Britain still regards it as a treasure, but it is only an exclusive activity of the royal family, and people are forbidden to enjoy this kind of entertainment.

1 1 century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the British were digging a battlefield, they accidentally dug up the skulls of several Danes. The British people were furious at the thought of the crime of Danish invasion. They lifted their feet and kicked their skulls hard to relieve their anger, and they felt quite happy playing football. As a result, more and more British people who dig the battlefield have joined the ranks of playing "ball". This patriotic act touched the king of England. In order to reward the people, the king of England ordered the royal football to be opened to the people. Soon, football spread among the people and became a popular sports and entertainment activity.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a football match in England. Competition is an entertainment activity, twice a year, usually held between two cities. The host threw the ball into the air and the game began. The two sides will jump together, shouting, kicking and hugging. Whichever side can kick the ball to the downtown area of the other side is the winner. If the ball rushes into a resident's house halfway, the players will rush in and disturb the kicking method, often smashing things in the house, and the owner has to sigh for his bad luck. Pedestrians on the road will encounter unexpected trouble when they touch the ball. So, at that time, when the game came, people had to avoid disasters and close their doors until the game was over. Such a football match was strongly opposed by the public, and the British government issued a ban: it was stipulated that football matches must be played in open spaces, and those who entered downtown areas would be severely punished, so special football fields appeared.

1863,101October 26th, the English Football Association, the first football organization in the world, was established in London with unified rules, and modern football was formally established.

In ancient China, kicking the ball with feet was called "Cuju". As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago, there was the Cuju movement. In the Western Han Dynasty, Cheng Ju was built for competitions. The Tang Dynasty was the prosperous period of Cuju activities. The ball filled with air replaced the ball filled with hair in the past, which was called "air blanket", and the goal replaced the bow room. In the west, after 10 century, some countries, such as France, Italy and Britain, had football matches. By the end of 15, it was called "football", and then it gradually developed into a modern football sport. 1863, 10/0 On October 26th, the British established the first football organization in the world, the British Football Association, and unified the rules of football. People call this day the birth day of modern football. The football rules formulated this time are *** 14, which is the basis of today's football rules. Since 1900 2nd Olympic Games, football has been listed as an official Olympic event, but professional athletes are not allowed to participate. 1904 on may 2 1 day, FIFA was established in Paris. Since 1930, the World Football Championship (also known as the World Cup) has been held every four years, and the restrictions on professional athletes have been lifted. Since then, modern football has developed day by day.

Legend has it that there was a war between England and Denmark in the 1 1 century. After the war, the British found the skull of a Danish aggressor while cleaning up the ruins of the war. Out of resentment, they kicked the skull, and a group of children kicked it when they saw it. However, they found that the skull hurts when they kick, so they switched to cow bladder blowing-this is the birth of modern football.

In medieval England, football became a keen activity for many young people. They run after the ball in the narrow street and often kick the ball to the windows of people in the street. So the king of England had to ban playing football. From12nd century to16th century, the king of England issued a "football ban" four times. However, due to the special charm of football, the ban failed to make it die.

1835, the world's first football club was established in Sheffield, England. 1863, the first football association in England was established. Since then, organized football under certain rules has spread from Britain to Europe and the world. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, football was quite popular in western European countries. 1896 In the first Olympic Games, football was listed as one of the events. As a result, Denmark beat Greece 9-0 and became the first champion in the Olympic football match.

1904, the football associations of Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland established the International Football Federation in France, and elected Ge Lan as the first FIFA president.

The earliest stars.

In the Song Dynasty, artists who played football organized their own groups, called "Round Club", to promote Cuju activities and competitions. Gao Qiu was born in the Yuan Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to Wang Mingqing's The Dust Settles, Gao Qiu's skill is superb. Because he played football with Song Huizong, he was promoted to be the conductor in front of the temple. This is one of the earliest famous stars.

Ding Wei, a scholar in Song Dynasty, was famous for playing football. He knows that the Prime Minister likes playing football. In order to be promoted, he waits outside the wall of the Prime Minister's House every day. One day, he finally waited until the ball flew over the wall. Liu Sanfu picked up the ball and entered Xiangfu in the name of returning it. When he visited the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei, he threw the ball into the air and bowed.

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Cuju experienced a process of development to a climax, but in the Qing Dynasty, this activity declined. From 65438 to 0863, modern football was born in Britain, which opened another historical chapter in the development of football.

The birth of modern football

1893 spectators watching the game

From the 8th century to19th century, the predecessor of modern football existed in Europe in various ways. Until 1863, Britain established the first formal football rules, which also marked the birth of modern football.

A boy's impulse

/kloc-in the 0 ~ (th) century, football was resumed and widely developed in some colleges in Britain. At that time, there were no uniform rules for football matches. The competition will be held in a rectangular venue, and the time and number of participants will be temporarily agreed by both parties. When the ball kicked into the opponent's goal, it scored. During this period, Cambridge University, Hatton College and New Clifton University all had their own ways of playing, and no one thought of unifying the rules of football. At that time, the most unlucky people were the "notarized mediators" who were the predecessors of the referee and were responsible for recording the number of goals and mediating disputes and disputes. However, due to the lack of uniform rules, these mediators are always difficult to convince the public and are often chased and intercepted by dozens of people in the audience.

A boy's impulse changed everything. 1823165438+1October 2 1 day, in a game, a boy named William Webb Eszli, aged 15, suddenly picked up the ball with his hand and rushed to the opponent's court to launch an attack. This action later triggered a big debate about football rules, and people realized that it was necessary to formulate unified football rules. In the debate, the party who agreed to use both hands and feet gradually developed the game into today's rugby, while the party who insisted on using only feet began to explore and establish modern football rules.

The earliest rules of football

1. The site area is 150 yards long and 100 yards wide. On each sideline, 25 yards from the finish line, there are two sign posts respectively.

The goal consists of two vertical posts, which are 10 feet apart.

3. Choose the target or tee off with coins.

4. After the first half of the game, change the venue.

5. When a player kicks the ball, when any player on the same team stands in front of the ball and is closer to the opponent's end line than the other team, he shall not take part in the game to touch the ball, nor shall he hinder other players from touching the ball in any way.

6. When the ball kicked out of the sideline, it was a dead ball, and the opponent kicked the ball directly into the court at the out-of-bounds place to resume the game.

7. When a team kicks the ball out of the opponent's end line, any player who gets the ball first can serve a free kick 25 yards from the vertical end line.

8. When kicking off, players should not touch the ball behind the opponent's end line.

9. If the ball falls behind the end line and exceeds the sideline mark, the free kick should be served 25 yards from the end line.

10. When a player kicks a free kick, the player of the same team shall not stand between him and the opposing team, and the opposing team shall not stand within 10 yards from him.

1 1. Players can kick free kicks in any way.

12. If the ball passes between the poles, or passes infinitely high above the poles, you win a goal.

13. In the game, you can touch the ball with any part of your body, but you are not allowed to hold the ball or hit the ball with your hands, arms or shoulders.

14. All impacts are fair and legal, but it is forbidden to hug, push, trip or make noise with your feet.

This set of formal original rules was published by the president of the English Football Association in BELIS LIFE magazine. Three years later, the Football Association increased the goal height by 6 yards and the width by 8 yards, and pulled a rope between the two columns as the goal height.

1 1 football rules for people

[Edit this paragraph] Motion function

First, it is conducive to the formation of good psychological quality and ideological and moral character. Often engaged in football, not only can have a great influence on the formation of their own good character, but also can cultivate people's will, self-control, sense of responsibility, courage and tenacity, wit and determination, perseverance, courage to overcome difficulties, unity and cooperation, close cooperation, collective sense of honor and discipline.

Second, it is conducive to strengthening physical fitness and promoting health. Football is a good means to exercise and improve physical fitness in an all-round way, and it is an effective sports event in the national fitness activities. Often engaged in football can improve people's strength, speed, agility, endurance, flexibility and other physical qualities, improve people's higher nervous activity, especially enhance the functions of cardiovascular system, respiratory system and other internal organs, thus promoting human health. According to the measurement, the vital capacity of an excellent football player is 2000 ~ 3500ml higher than that of normal people, and the resting heart rate is lower than that of normal people 15~22 beats/min.

Third, it is conducive to the construction of spiritual civilization. Today, with the reform and opening up, football has become a part of people's life in many cities in China. People get emotional experience from playing football, artistic enjoyment from watching football and exchange ideas from talking about football. Football enriches people's amateur cultural activities and improves people's quality of life. Football has become an important part of politics, economy, culture and life in some cities. It attracts thousands of citizens in Qian Qian, reflects the spiritual outlook of the city, is one of the symbols of the city image, and is the carrier of spiritual civilization construction.

Fourth, it is conducive to inspiring the national spirit. In major international football matches, it can inspire people's unity, hard work, enterprising spirit and patriotic enthusiasm. For example, when the Cameroonian football team entered the quarterfinals of the World Cup, President Beye awarded the goalkeeper Nkono and striker Milla the highest citizen title-"Lord Brave", and also awarded all players and coaches the "Medal of Bravery". In his speech, he praised them for providing an experience for the whole of Africa, that is, "unite as one and strive for victory." Another example is 198 1 year/month, in which China defeated North Korea and other football teams and won the Asian group championship of the 1 2 World Cup. 1987 10 When China defeated the Japanese team in Tokyo and won the right to participate in the Seoul Olympic Games, the land of China was jubilant, which greatly inspired the people of China to struggle for the four modernizations and inspired the national spirit.

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Modern football

Modern football was first produced in Britain in the19th century. As mankind entered the 20th century, so did football. Whether it is the legendary enemy on the battlefield or the fact that ten thousand people play a football together between the two cities, it has become a thing of the past. Modern football is about to begin, and has gradually formed a professional league.

1903, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain and other countries discussed the establishment of an international football organization, but Britain, as the birthplace of football, was not enthusiastic. However, football began to spread in Europe and America. In Italy, British immigrants established the Genoa team as early as 1893, 1899, and the British and Italians jointly established today's Hulk-AC Milan, 1899. Italy also founded the Federal Championship, which won six times in Genoa in the previous seven sessions, and AC Milan/KOOC-0/90/KOOC-0/won the championship.

In South America, football was also brought here by British sailor and immigrant Thomas. Sir Lipton founded the Lipton Cup, which became a competition between Uruguay and Argentina on both sides of the La Plata River.

At present, the most famous football leagues are the five major leagues in Europe (Serie A). Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Ligue 1)

Offensive football

Offensive football refers to the tactical play in football matches. Offensive football is a relatively large defensive range, often forcibly grabbing, encircling and grabbing the opponent's half court, so it can always form a situation of suppression.

[Edit this paragraph] The incident in China.

After the founding of New China, football developed gradually. 195 1 year, held the 1 National Football Invitational Tournament, with 8 teams from 6 administrative regions, the People's Liberation Army and the Railway, and selected and announced the first batch of 30 national players in China, who are the backbone of China football for more than 30 years. 1953 and 1954 successively held national football leagues and began to develop national competitions. After 1954, various provinces and cities set up football teams one after another, national youth teams went to Hungary to study, and invited Hungarian and Soviet coaches to coach in China or hold coaching training courses. All these have laid a foundation and created conditions for holding first-class leagues.

The first-class football league in China started at 1957, which is the highest-level football competition in China, with 10 teams participating every year. 1957 established a systematic national competition system, such as the first and second promotion system and the youth league. Teams from 1957 and 1958 participated in the first division. 1959, due to the holding of 1 National Games, there was no first-class league, but a national football championship was held. From 1960 to 1963, as many as 29 to 39 teams participated in the national first-class league, while from 1964 to 1966, all teams failed to complete the game. Resume the first-class league from 1978, once a year 1. The competition starts in spring and ends at the end of the year. General 16 teams participate in the competition, adopting a double-cycle "staged" centralized competition system. Seats are arranged in the order of knitting score, goal difference and number of goals. The last four teams were reduced to the second team, and the top four teams in the second team were promoted to the first team. The 5th National Games was held in 1983. At that time, the first division was divided into two divisions, the South Division and the North Division, which adopted the home and away double-cycle system without promotion and demotion. The first FA Cup was held in China from 65438 to 0984. The team that won 16 before the FA Cup in the promotion and demotion of the first division in that year will retain the seats in the first division, and the teams from 17 to 24 will participate in the second division next year. After 1982, in order to improve the level of football in China, considering the fact that the national team can't return to the league all the year round, the competition system of the first-class league has been continuously reformed, and corners, free kicks and headers are scored. 1 goal counts as 2 goals; Draw, 90 minutes of fighting, penalty kicks are not allowed; National players give subsidies; Cancel the scoring system of 2 points for victory, 0 points for each draw 1 point and 0 points for each loss, and change it to the scoring system of 3 points for victory, 0 points for each draw 1 point and 0 points for each loss. 1987 The 6th National Games was held, in which the first division was divided into Group A and B2. 1986 The top 8 teams participated in the Group A competition, adopting the home and away double cycle system. 1986, the teams ranked 9 to 16 in the first class and the top 4 in the second class participated in the Group B competition, and the double-round centralized competition system was adopted without promotion or demotion. 1988 the first-class league is divided into two stages, and the first 1 2 teams and the last 8 teams are decided in the1stage. In the second stage, the top eight teams, the ninth to 18 teams and the third runner-up in the second-level league in that year participated in the 1989 first-class A-B competition respectively. The team that won the 20th place in 19 was reduced to the second team. After 1989, the last two players in Group A fell to Group B, and the first two players and the last two players in Group B were promoted to Group A and demoted to Group B respectively. In the 1990s, in order to improve the level of football in China, the home and away match system was first implemented in Group A, and 1992 was also implemented in Group B.. 1993, due to the 7th National Games, the first division was not held. China's failure to qualify for the 15 World Cup qualifiers prompted the China Football Association to take greater reform measures to accelerate the improvement of football level in China. Therefore, it was decided to implement the football club system from 1994, and each team in Group A and Group B 12 adopted the home and away system; The last two in group a were reduced to group b; The top two and the last four in Group A and Group B were promoted to Group A and demoted to Group B respectively; Each club team in Group A will receive 60% of the ticket revenue.

1992, Beijing Hongshankou National Football Work Conference kicked off the professional reform of football in China.

1994, the first division of Chinese football officially opened, which opened a new chapter in the professional reform of football in China. China football really began to have a professional league.

In 200 1 year, the Shenzhen National Football Work Conference defined the development plan of China's football career in 2 1 century, and launched the Super League plan of China Football Association.

In 2004, with the improvement of the competitive level of football in China and the continuous maturity of the football market, the China Football Association officially launched the "Chinese Football Association Super League" on the basis of summarizing the ten years of professional football in China, in order to further enhance the competitive level and brand of professional football in China.

In April, 2006, in order to further improve the marketization process of China's football industry, China Football Association and all the participating clubs of Super League jointly established Super League Limited Liability Company (hereinafter referred to as "Super League Company").

[Edit this paragraph] International competition

World Cup

The F.I.F.A World Cup, referred to as the World Cup for short, is a worldwide football competition under the unified leadership and organization of the International Football Federation. Each competition lasts for three years from the preliminaries to the finals, with nearly 100 countries participating in the preliminaries. It is the largest, most influential and highest-level football match in the world, and it is also the most concerned sports event in the world. 200 1 1 0/on October 7th, China men's soccer team won the first place in the World Cup qualifiers, and entered the World Cup finals for the first time with a record of 6 wins1draw1loss.

Introduction of previous world cup champions

In which years did you win the championship, the second place and the third place?

Uruguay Argentina

2 1934 Italy Italy Czech West Germany

3 1938 France Italy Hungary Brazil

4 1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil Sweden

5 1954 Switzerland, West Germany, Hungary and Austria

6 1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden France

7 1962 Chile Brazil Czech Chile

8 1966 England England West Germany Portugal

9 1970 Mexico Brazil Italy West Germany

West Germany Netherlands Poland 10

1 1 1978 Argentina

12 1982 Spain Italy west Germany Poland

13 1986 Mexico Argentina West Germany France

14 1990 Italy west Germany Argentina Italy

USA, Brazil, Italy and Sweden

France France Brazil Croatia

17 2002 Japan, Korea, Brazil, Germany and Turkey

18 2006 Germany Italy France Germany