Other related Gaoqiang of Songyang Gaoqiang

(Xi'an Gaoqiang, Yuexi Gaoqiang, Chenhe Gaoqiang, Changde Gaoqiang)

Region: Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan

Gaoqiang is a combination of Yiyang Qiang and Yiyang Qiang in the Ming Dynasty Later, Qingyang tune evolved and formed various types of opera. In the course of hundreds of years of development, the various branches of Yiyang tune have undergone great changes. They have been combined with Han folk music in various places to varying degrees, thus forming different musical styles of Gao tune in various places. Application area or unit: Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province

Xi'an Gaoqiang

Xi'an Gaoqiang was formed in Quzhou, Zhejiang, and was named after Quzhou was called Xi'an in ancient times. It is a local opera formed under the influence of Yiyang tune. It was formed in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty at the latest. It is centered in Quzhou and spread in Wenzhou, Jinhua, Zhejiang, southeastern Jiangxi, northwest Fujian and other places.

Xi'an Gaoqiang originated from the folk and became popular among the people. There are a number of traditional plays such as "Locust Tree", "He Zhu Ji" and "Lu Hua Xiu". It was originally only accompanied by gongs and drums. After Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, it was performed in a group with Kunshan tune and Luantan tune. Influenced by Kunshan tune and Luantan tune, it added orchestral, Kundi, Banhu, Tihu and other instruments while retaining the characteristics of the original music. It also has Simple pass. The existing high-pitched singing in Xi'an is "yelling", the performance is "jumping", the dance is "red and green", and the musical instruments are "big drums and trumpets". It has a strong local flavor, and its repertoire, costumes, singing and trade The system, performance procedures and other aspects basically retain the original style of ancient Southern Opera, which is of great significance and value to the study of Southern Opera.

Since modern times, due to constant wars, Xi'an's high-pitched accent has been scattered among the people. After liberation, the local government rescued Xi'an Gaoqiang, preserved a large amount of relevant materials, and staged some plays. However, with the acceleration of the modernization process, Xi'an has suffered a serious loss of high-pitched audiences, a shortage of talents, and a shortage of talent. It is once again facing a new survival crisis. This situation urgently needs the attention of relevant parties and should be taken seriously. Application area or unit: Yuexi County, Anhui Province

Yuexi Gaoqiang is an ancient and rare opera unique to Yuexi County, Anhui Province. It was inherited from Qingyang Qingqiang in the Ming Dynasty and has been inherited for more than 300 years. history. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, literati and merchants introduced Qingyang tune to Yuexi through the Yangtze River. Local literati practiced singing around drums and formed groups and societies, and Yuexi Gaoqiang took shape. In the early days of Guangxu, foreign professional Gaoqiang artists systematically taught stage performance art. Promoted the further development of Yuexi Gaoqiang.

Yuexi Gaoqiang

Yuexi Gaoqiang has rich artistic heritage. Its opera literature, opera music, performing arts and basic activity forms are all self-contained and unique in style. Through the excavation, collection and arrangement of folk manuscripts in Yuexi, more than 120 kinds of plays and more than 250 plays have been accumulated, which can be divided into two categories: "serious opera" and "xiqu". "Accounting for the vast majority, including "The Story of Jing Chai" and other wonderful excerpts of the five legendary plays of Southern Opera, they have high cultural taste and literary value. Their biggest feature is that they have inherited the art of "rolling tune" and developed it into "smooth rolling"; The "Happy Songs" are all auspicious words, mainly used in folk activities, and are an important part of Yuexi folk culture. The music system of Yuexi Gaoqiang is basically a combination of tunes and pai, with one singer singing in harmony and accompanied by gongs and drums. The artist guides the singing with unique "hoop point" marks and inherits the art industry.

The singing of Yuexi Gaoqiang includes three forms: sitting around drums, stage performances and performances in folk activities. There are strict and mature procedures. It is fully integrated into various folk lantern festivals within the territory and has become an integral part of local folk culture. Since the late Qing Dynasty, Yuexi Gaoqiang has experienced several ups and downs, and was already in an endangered situation on the eve of the founding of New China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the county government established a professional Gaoqiang troupe to inherit and study Yuexi Gaoqiang. After the 1960s, precious historical materials were severely damaged, the professional theater system mutated, and folk troupe activities shrank. Yuexi Gaoqiang lacked successors and once again faced the risk of extinction. Application area or unit: Chenxi County, Luxi County, Hunan Province

Chenhe Gaoqiang is a local opera type that includes Gaoqiang, Tanqiang and a small amount of Kunqiang, with Gaoqiang as the mainstay. It is popular in Yuanjiang, Hunan Province The Chenhe River, a tributary of the middle and upper reaches, has affected parts of Guizhou and Sichuan provinces. Chenhe Gaoqiang originated from Yiyang Qiang, one of the four major opera tunes. It developed during the Daoguang and Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty. Du Fenglin, an old artist, formed the earliest Chenhe Gaoqiang opera troupe in western Hunan, the "Dahong Troupe", and toured various places to perform. Chenhe Gaoqiang began to spread among the people. , has been widely circulated.

Chenhe Gaoqiang

In the long-term development and evolution process, Chenhe Gaoqiang has formed a unique artistic style. It has 48 "Mulian Opera" and plays such as "Golden Seal", "Red Robe", "Yipin Zhong", "Pipa", "Pretending to be Crazy", etc. It has been performed in western Hunan for a long time and is deeply loved by the masses. favorite. Chenhe's high-pitched tunes are rich in tunes, with more than 500 tunes, suitable for expressing various thoughts and feelings. The main tunes include Gui Chaohuan, Subduing the Emperor's Dragon, Lang Tao Sha, Gold Rushing, and Flapping the Lantern Moth, etc.

Chen He’s high-pitched voice is high-pitched and passionate, with a wide range, which can revolve in the high, middle and low ranges. When it is rough, it can crack gold and shatter jade, resounding through the sky; when it is soft, it is as thin as a gossamer, graceful and charming. The male voice sings in a big voice, giving people a rough and unrestrained feeling; the female voice sings in a high-octave coloratura that is euphemistic, clear, and pleasant to the ear.

In the early stage, Chenhe Gaoqiang was divided into eight roles: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, Wai, Fu, Mo and Tie. After the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it became four roles: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, among which Shengjiao was divided into Zhengsheng , Laosheng, Hongsheng, Xiaosheng, Danjiao is divided into Zhengdan, Xiaodan, Yaodan, Laodan, etc. The actors' performances are simple and natural, with a strong earthy flavor. They pay attention to singing skills, sing more legendary tunes, and are good at performing Mulian opera. The accompaniment instruments during the performance include suona, flute, jinghu, erhu, sanxian, big drum, small gong, cloud gong, cymbals, snare drum, etc. The specially made high-pitched suona has a high-pitched and beautiful sound, which can be integrated with the singing and plays a role in singing and accompaniment. important role.

Chenhe Gaoqiang completely retains national and regional characteristics and has a broad mass base. The interaction between the audience and the actors was realized in the drama performance earlier, and it is called "the earliest stream of consciousness art in the world". Chenhe's high-pitched singing caused a sensation when it was performed abroad and was hailed as a "treasure of Chinese drama".

Due to financial constraints, lack of talent, localized and aging audiences, Chenhe’s high-pitched opera has almost been lost, and only a few theater troupes continue to perform under difficult living conditions. Measures need to be taken to change this situation as soon as possible. Application area or unit: Changde City, Hunan Province

Changde Gaoqiang is one of the three major Chinese opera tunes of Gao, Kun and Tan in Changde. It is gradually developed and matured on the basis of local original sacrificial songs and dances and other local music by continuously absorbing early opera tunes such as Yiyang tune and Qingyang tune in the Ming Dynasty. It is mainly popular in the West Dongting District, Wuling Mountain System, Chenshui and Yuanshui basins, and as far away as The area in southwestern Hubei and eastern Guizhou was renamed Wuling Opera in 1986. From the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty, Gaoqiang in Changde was most prosperous. Since then, it has gradually declined with the rise of the North and South Roads of Tanqiang. "Turban Sacrifice", "Sifan", "Two Wolf Mountains", "Two Monkeys Fight", "Cheng Yaojin's Marriage", etc. are representative plays in Changde Gaoqiang. After liberation, "Furong Girl", "Zisu" appeared "Biography" and other new high-pitched operas, the performance was a sensation.

Changde Gaoqiang has more than 30 basic tunes and more than 70 types of tunes. The singing forms include rolling singing, helping tunes, etc. Among them, Bingqiang is greatly influenced by the tones of Yuanshui Boat Song and Zhapai Haozi. It is divided into two types: vocal Bingqiang and instrumental accompaniment. The vocal Bingqiang sings in harmony with the crowd, and the instrumental accompaniment is accompanied by gongs, cymbals and suonas. Its singing style is closely integrated with the local dialect, and incorporates a large number of local music materials such as Shaman tune, Nuoyuan tune and Yugu tune, making it very expressive. There are many expression methods such as the main voice, side voice, double voice, and small voice when singing.

The roles of Changde Gaoqiang are divided into four lines: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, including the "three students" such as Qingxu, Baixu and Xiaosheng, and the "three Dans" such as Zhengdan, Xiaodan and Laodan. The "three cleanses" are the big painted face, the second painted face, and the small painted face. The singing and chanting in the performance combines the Zhongzhou rhyme spelling standard with the tones of the Changde dialect. In order to emphasize the regional characteristics of the characters, some foreign languages ??are also used. Changde Gaoqiang pays special attention to the training of basic performance skills and has a set of expressive action programs. In addition, it also extracts some special performance paradigms from life to form body movements that simulate birds, animals or other dynamic and static objects. Changde's high-pitched performances are often interspersed with some wonderful stunts, which often produce fascinating performance effects.

As early as the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, many Changde Gaoqiang troupes had disbanded or switched to singing tunes. As a result, a large number of repertoires were lost and the inheritance relationship was almost interrupted. In 1954, Changde City's cultural department held a Gaoqiang study class, unearthed more than 20 traditional plays and resumed performances of a few of them, reviving the nearly extinct Changde Gaoqiang. Changde Gaoqiang is an organic carrier of Changde regional culture and provides fresh material for studying the spread and evolution of local opera tunes. In recent years, with the tremendous changes in society, Changde Gaoqiang has once again fallen into a difficult situation on the verge of extinction and is in urgent need of rescue and protection.