Employment Policy of Immigrants in zhenyuan county

On the banks of Wuyang River on the eastern edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, there is an ancient city hidden in the mountains-Zhenyuan. Since ancient times, it has been an important hub of land and water transportation, not only the "gateway to eastern Guizhou", but also the "throat of Hunan and Guizhou" and "the key to Yunnan and Guizhou". It is an important post station on the southwest passage, from which you can go deep into the hinterland of Yunnan and Guizhou and go directly to Myanmar, India and Southeast Asia.

The name "Zhenyuan" means "far away from the town", which has special significance in military strategy. For China's ancient political center, Beijing or Nanjing, Yunnan and Guizhou are all too remote, so-called "sleeping places". At the critical point of "interior" and "edge", the construction of military castles can indeed threaten Zhenyuan, a distant place, which makes Zhenyuan occupy an irreplaceable special position in history.

Zhenyuan, as an "amphibious wharf", is located at the intersection of Yunnan-Guizhou Post Road and Yuanjiang Waterway. Ships sailing up the river set out from Zhenyuan, where the "hundred generations of passers-by" on the ancient post road boarded the ship, and went down the Yangtze River in Wuyang River, crossed Dongting and ran to the southeast coast of the Yangtze River. Ran che fu, merchants gathered, resulting in Zhenyuan becoming a "southwest metropolis."

The flow of people brings various cultures and forms a swirling vortex in Zhenyuan. Han culture and southwest national culture contact, collide and blend here, and various regional cultures such as the Central Plains, Jiangnan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Bashu, Fujian and Guangdong moved into Zhenyuan in the form of bonsai. Missionaries poured in, and Zen masters, scholars, traveling Taoist priests and Taoist priests all built temples in Zhenyuan to marry various "holy mountains".

Historical changes, the ancient city suddenly left out in the cold. With the opening of the Hunan-Guizhou Railway, water transportation was also interrupted by the construction of the river dam, and Zhenyuan was no longer a material distribution center and transportation transit station. Although the status has changed, the glory of the past still exudes dazzling brilliance. History has left Zhenyuan with a heavy cultural heritage and preserved a historical and cultural grand view garden.

In a small county town with only 3. 1 square kilometer, there are 160 places of interest. In addition to the national key cultural relics protection unit Qinglong Cave, there are 7 provincial cultural relics protection units and more than 20 county-level cultural relics protection units. There are four caves, the Grand Palace, eight pavilions, eight temples, eight temples and nine temples, as well as the Wei City Wall, the Fucheng City Wall, the Twelve Wharfs, the Eight Guilds Hall and the winding Gu Xiang. 1983 Shen Zhu, deputy director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, and his party visited Zhenyuan and said with surprise, "There are not many towns like Zhenyuan that have left a lot of cultural relics."

History once again raised Zhenyuan. From 65438 to 0986, Shan Shiyuan, a famous national expert and archaeologist, considered that he was fully qualified to declare as a famous historical and cultural city after careful investigation and evaluation. The State Council approved this proposal and was included in the second batch of national historical and cultural cities.

Among more than 2,000 counties and cities in China, Zhenyuan is fortunate to be one of 99 famous historical and cultural cities, and to reproduce its historical features. Not only that, Zhenyuan's three famous brands, three national treasures, historical city, national key cultural relics protection unit Qinglong Cave and national scenic spot Wuyang River are gathered together, which can be called the perfect combination of cultural heritage and natural heritage and shine brilliantly.

Burmese ride elephants across the bridge.

In front of the Kuixing Pavilion on the Zhu Sheng Bridge, there used to be a hanging screen with pillars engraved with the words "Split the heavy postal road, Burmese ride elephants across the bridge". This couplet is not a poet's imagination, but a photo of Zhenyuan Post Road connecting Yunnan, Guizhou, Myanmar and Southeast Asia. One hundred years later, the post road has been replaced by roads and railways, and Burmese messengers no longer pass through the town. Therefore, it is difficult for today's tourists to imagine the scene of traffic and elephants moving slowly on the bridge in the past, and of course they can't recall this glorious history.

The author looked around with questions, trying to find some clues. The director of the Cultural Management Institute said that he lived in an ordinary family and found a cornerstone, smooth, flat and square, engraved with the relief of an elephant. There has never been an elephant in Guizhou. Why are the locals so impressed with it, and why should they carve it on the foundation of the column as the decoration of the house? Ordinary people are still like this, and big families are well aware of it. People's preference for elephants is not without reason. In ancient times, tributes from Myanmar were often transported by elephants from places far away from towns. Because it is a strange thing from abroad, people will naturally pay special attention to it and have great interest in the building.

Burmese tribute elephants have lasted for hundreds of years. The Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, and the Jin Goma Iron galloped across the world, crossing Yunnan and invading Myanmar in three ways. The Burmese toast is sealed and sent to tribute regularly. Myanmar produces elephants, but there are no elephants in the Central Plains, so it is natural to make precious elephants as tributes. It's a long way from Myanmar to Dadu (now Beijing), and it will take several months to ride an elephant slowly.

There is also a wonderful legend interspersed here. A tribute messenger from Southeast Asia, with a white swan, was frightened and flew on the road. The messenger is in a hurry. He held out his hand and only caught a goose feather. He is sorry, but there is nothing he can do. When I arrived in Beijing, I had to offer goose feathers to explain why I lost the swan. The emperor also gave him a reward, saying that it was "a thousand miles to send goose feathers, and the ceremony is light and benevolence is heavy." In the 29th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1396), Myanmar was annexed by the Ming Dynasty, and the Myanmar military and civilian propaganda comfort station was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province. Since then, tributes have emerged one after another. Due to the frequent visits of Myanmar envoys to Beijing to pay tribute and the busy reception, the court set up the "Myanmar Pavilion" in the "Siyi Pavilion".

In Shi Minglu, there are many records of Myanmar paying tribute to Beijing. For example, Luchuan Pingmian Xuanwei and Hongwu paid tribute several times. Tributes are elephants and rhinoceroses. As a result of passing through Guizhou, Tian Daya entered Beijing with Xuanwei of Sizhou. Sizhou is in Cengong today, adjacent to Zhenyuan. We must have met in Zhenyuan and walked together.

Lin Zexu was the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou after the Opium War. In his diary, it is recorded that from the end of May to the beginning of June in the 24th year of Jiaqing (18 19), several groups of Burmese envoys passed through Zhenyuan.

Tribute to elephants continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1875), Myanmar envoys Tojimen, Lamen Diansu and others brought elephants to Beijing to pay tribute. When passing by Guiyang, the whole city was sensational and the audience was jammed. The elephant shed was set up at the old east gate, and the citizens helped the old and took care of the young to watch.

In early spring and February of the following year, Zhiyetojimen and others returned to Myanmar from Beijing and entered Yuping County of Guizhou from Huangzhou, Hunan Province on February 13. When the governor was informed, he immediately informed Sizhou (now Cengong), Zhenyuan, Duyun, Pingyue (now Fuquan) and other counties, and made sure to send officials to pick them up at the junction. Arriving in Guiyang, the provincial capital, on the second day of March, the governor quickly reported the matter to the emperor.

China and Myanmar have deep friendship and are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The story of "Burmese riding an elephant across the bridge" is a story of friendly exchanges between China and Myanmar, which has been deeply rooted in the hearts of Zhenyuan people so far. The people of Myanmar are also obsessed with Zhenyuan. In recent years, Burmese monks invited Zhenyuan to present a jade Buddha to the Great Buddha Hall in Zhongyuan Cave. This jade Buddha was carved in Kachin State, Myanmar. It is 2.2 meters high and weighs about 3 tons.

In fact, not only Burmese people pass by Zhenyuan, but also Indians, Thais and Laos, but the impression of "Burmese riding elephants" is particularly vivid. It is said that in 1955, Indian Prime Minister Nehru suddenly asked Premier Zhou Enlai about the Qinglong Cave at the Bandung Conference. How did he know there was a Qinglong cave far from Zhenyuan? It turned out that his ancestors often passed Zhenyuan when they came to China, and they were fascinated by the scenery and architecture of Qinglong Cave, and often told people after returning home. When Nehru saw Premier Zhou, he immediately thought of Qinglong Cave in Zhenyuan.

The poem "Riding Elephants across the Bridge in Myanmar" contains many important historical facts: national unity, Yunnan-Guizhou development, border defense consolidation, cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and so on. All this is based on the opening of the postal route and the smooth flow of the postal route. This post road across the east and west and across the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is really important, and Zhenyuan, which is at the intersection of Buddhism and waterway, is even more important.

In the Yuan Dynasty, martial arts flourished, with a vast territory. In order to "understand the border situation and spread propaganda orders", military commanders and political experts "know the news when they get to know it" and opened up a national Buddhism centered on the metropolis. The postal route is an important lifeline of the country, which is related to the dispatch of troops, marching operations, grain transportation, information acquisition, propaganda and orders, official welcoming, material exchange, business travel, and has multiple functions such as military, transportation, commerce, postal delivery and reception.

There are three kinds of post stations: land post station, waterway post station and waterway post station. There are cows, horses, donkeys and wagons in Lu Yi, boats in Shui Yi and boats, wagons, donkeys and horses in Shui Yi. Zhenyuan is an important water horse post station on the Hunan-Hubei-Yunnan-Guizhou road, which includes both land post stations and waterway post stations.

The trunk line running through Huguang and Yunnan provinces starts from Jiangling, Hubei, passes through Yuezhou (now Yueyang), Changde, Taoyuan, Chenzhou, Yuanzhou and Huangzhou (now Xinhuang) in Hunan, and then passes through Pingxi (now Yuping), Zhenyuan, Pianqiao (now Shibing), Guizhou (now Guiyang), Puding (now Anshun) and Puding. The waterway also starts from Jiangling, goes upstream after crossing Dongting Lake, passes through 20 stops including Chenzhou, Pu Shu, Qianyang, Yuanzhou and Huangzhou to Pingxi (now Yuping) in Guizhou, and then passes through Qinglang (now Qingxi in Zhenyuan) to Zhenyuan. Then abandon ran and go by land, by land. After the opening of Zhuge Cave in Wuyang River in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the boat can go directly to Ping Huang, the old state.

The post road from Hunan to Yunnan via Guizhou has always been the main artery of southwest traffic. Since the Ming dynasty, heavy troops have been sent to protect this lifeline to the frontier. There are more and more stations along the way, and the traffic is getting busier and busier. In the seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1579), Wang Ji, the governor of Guizhou, and Ma Chengtu, the governor, wrote to the court, asking Yunnan to subsidize the expenses of Guizhou postal route. According to official documents, there are 2088 horses and 2073 husbands in Yunnan and 337 horses and 3 19 husbands in Guizhou. Comparing the two, Yunnan accounts for seven points and Guizhou only accounts for three points. Yunnan and Guizhou all take Zhenyuan as their throat. Controlling this throat will control the lifeline of the southwest, which shows that they can really "stay away from the town". This is the "lock key" and the "gateway" of Yunnan and Guizhou. The footsteps of history left a deep mark on the post road, and the crisp sound of hooves resounded through the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. It is this post road that connects the mainland and the frontier. Yunnan Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty, Guizhou Province in the Ming Dynasty, and it was under the jurisdiction of Governor Yungui in the Qing Dynasty.

It is this post road that a large number of Han immigrants poured into Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, bringing advanced material civilization and spiritual civilization to Yunnan-Guizhou, and bringing the southwest development into a new stage. It was this post road that expanded the ancient "Southern Silk Road" and maintained friendly relations with Myanmar, India and Southeast Asia. Of course, many battles in history are also closely related to this post road. In the fourth year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1300), the Yuan Dynasty mobilized troops from Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang and other provinces to conquer the "eight hundred daughter-in-law", which aroused the uprising of Luxury Festival and Song Longji. In the early Ming Dynasty, he sent troops to Yunnan to complete the great cause of reunification. The Ming Dynasty, which had been stationed in Guizhou for four years, went east to fight in Hunan and Guangxi, and the Qing army also entered Guizhou and Yunnan through this post road. Later events, such as the political reform and reform, the Xian Tong Uprising, the Taiping Army's entry into Guizhou, the Revolution of 1911, the war to protect the country, the war to protect the law, the Northern Expedition and the Long March of the Red Army, were closely linked to this postal route, and Zhenyuan Ancient City recorded these histories one by one.

"Tai Chi Map" in Shiping Town

All previous dynasties attached importance to Zhenyuan, mainly focusing on the military. In the eyes of military strategists, the geographical location of Zhenyuan is extremely important. Controlling the post road, starting from the upper reaches of the river, connecting Jingchu and Xiongzhen, Yunnan and Guizhou, can lead the whole body. Therefore, "if you want to get through Yunnan and Guizhou, you must first keep the town far away" and "if you want to lean on Yunnan and Chu, you must first occupy the town far away". During the Qianlong period, Feng, assistant minister of the Ministry of War and deputy governor of Douchayuan, returned from the war in Myanmar and inspected the mountains and rivers along the way. When he arrived in Zhenyuan, he said with deep feelings, "I have walked through many places of victory, and Zhenyuan is indeed a big pass." He pointed out that this place is not only a "majestic mountain and river", but also a "upstream of Hunan, the gateway of Yunnan and Guizhou", which can be regarded as a "metropolis in the southwest of China".

The god of Zhenyuan is in the mountains and rivers first. Wuyang River is rolling in from Weng 'an, Ping Huang and Shibing, rushing among the mountains, accepting many tributaries to form a huge flow, and entering Zhenyuan after crossing Zhuge Cave. From Zhenyuan to the northeast, down the Yuanjiang River, let the boat go straight down Dongting Lake and down the Yangtze River, which is the so-called "Nanji Beidou Wuxi Smoke Water Cave Listening to Waves". Wuyang River runs through Wuling Mountain area, with deep valleys in the middle and lower reaches, cliffs on both sides, blue mountains and blue sky, "two mountains stand in the middle, one water flow", and mountains are surrounded by water, which is magnificent and steep. Lin Zexu, who knows the art of war, was shocked. He wrote: "Two mountains meet the river, and autumn smoke cuts the foot of the mountain." Pedestrians are in the shadows of mountains and streams, but they are not afraid of falling. "Walking into the mountain, I feel that there is a mountain in front of the mountain"; Looking up, I suddenly felt "holding my head high, but seeing mountains inserted into the sky"; Climbing to the top of the mountain, there is a feeling of "not looking far away" The word "evil" is so vivid that it expresses the state of mind of "not falling down" and makes him "wake up the mountains and call heaven".

Wuyang River came to Zhenyuan and turned an S-shaped bend. Standing on the top of Shiping Mountain, I saw "the river winds, the rocks line up, the white cliffs rest in the east, and the Qingfeng stands in the west". Someone was shocked by this majestic momentum and exclaimed: "The sea of clouds is stacked on top, and the sea is lonely." An old road climbed up the mountain and said Zhenyuan "looked right at the southern end of Yunnan and left at the northern end of Chu;" The mountains are boundless, and the smoke is curling up. "When the old man looked up at the mountain, he exclaimed that it was a Tai Chi Map. If two cities are built on the S-shaped river bend, it is "Sun, Moon and Kun, and Yin and Yang meet". Military strategists attach great importance to "geographical location" and think that building a city in this place where "Pingshan is the city and the sea is the pool" is not only beneficial to rivers and seas, but also dangerous mountains, so they build cities on both sides of Wuyang River. Zhenyuan Acropolis was first built on the south bank, and then Zhenyuan House was built on the north bank. That's just two points on the "Tai Chi Map" that symbolize "Yin and Yang". Since then, Zhenyuan has become a military center on the southwest passage.

The construction of Zhenyuan City is related to Zhu Yuanzhang's great talents. He sat in Nanjing, strategizing and winning thousands of miles away. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Yunnan was still occupied by Wang Zhanling and was made a monarch by the Yuan Dynasty. He refused to surrender on the grounds that "the land is dangerous and the road is long". Zhu Yuanzhang sent someone to ask for instructions seven times, but they were all rejected. After the national situation stabilized, they decided to conquer Yunnan by force.

On the first day of September in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1), Zhu Yuanzhang summoned Fu Youde, the southern general, Hou Lanyu, the left deputy general, and Hou Muying, the right deputy general, and told them that in order to seize Yunnan, "we should know its mountains and rivers", the army would take Huguang Road, divide the key points, and then occupy Qujing. 300,000 troops came from Huguang. First occupy Zhenyuan and Pianqiao, then capture Puding and Puan, block the export of Yunnan, and force the king to fight Qujing. In World War I, Liang beat the bucket and won Yunnan in less than three months.

After Yunnan was pacified, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that in order to consolidate Yunnan's border defense, Guizhou must be controlled first, so he set up health stations along the post road. Step by step to ensure smooth roads. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1388), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the establishment of Zhenyuan Wei, which formed a corner with Pingxi Wei, Qinglang Wei and Pianqiao Wei to control this strategic place. Weicheng Town is located at the foot of Wulaoshan Mountain, near Wuyang River in the north. The circumference of the city wall is about 3 kilometers, the height of the city wall is 4.3 meters, and the width is 2.5 meters. You can shoot arrows on the city wall. There are 1872 stacks and 9 fortresses on the outer edge of the city wall. There are five gates in the east, west, south, upper north and lower north, but there are no two gates. The battle tower on the gate is towering into the sky, and Bodhisattva Huang Cheng sits in the city to bless it. Mountain streams are easy to rise and fall. Although the Wuyang River usually flows slowly, gently and quietly, when the flood peak comes, it will be choppy in an instant and flood into the city, causing floods to wash away houses, cattle and horses and hunt chickens. In order to prevent flooding, a retaining wall with a length of about 100 meter was built above the upper north gate near the city wall. Outside the West Gate and the Upper North Gate, three arc-shaped "city protection dikes" were built.

The acropolis is steep and the walls are undulating. According to the terrain, it is divided into eight blocks and named "Eight Blocks City". They are: Chaoyang City, Tieshan City, Yong 'an City, Dingxi City, Shouxing Mountain East City, Shouxing Mountain West City, Pingshan City and Wulaofeng City. There are five or six thousand officers and men stationed in Zhenyuan Wei, and many Jiangnan military families have settled here to breed their children. At that time, the policy of "putting soldiers in agriculture" was implemented, and the border was guarded, so 125 bunkers were built in units of 100 households, which were arranged around, just like the stars arching the moon. About 45 kilometers downstream along Wuyang River, Qinglang Acropolis 5 was built in Ming Dynasty and located in zhenyuan county. More than 40 kilometers up the Wuyang River, there is a partial bridge acropolis, which is today's shibin. The three cities echoed each other from afar and even propped up Zhenyuan, a military town.

In the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 13), the two propaganda departments of Sizhou and Sinan were abolished, and on this basis, the Chief Secretary of Guizhou was established, and the establishment of Guizhou Province was announced. Zhenyuan House is one of the original eight houses. The yamen was built on the north bank of Haiyang River, and there was no battlefield. During the Ming Dynasty, the Miao people came to attack, and the prefect built a city in Mujiawan, and the tower was continuously built during the Wanli period. Fucheng City Wall is located on Shiping Mountain, spanning several hills in the north, starting from the cliff top named "White Rice Inverted Bucket" in the east, and rolling continuously along the mountain until Huiyang River in the western section of Shiping Mountain. The city wall is about 400 meters long, 5 meters high and 2.8 meters wide, with 76 battlements and 1 battery. There are three gates in Fucheng, with Tieshan Gate in the east, Yong 'an Gate in the south, Dingxin Gate in the west and Feishui Pool in the south. There are many passes outside the city. There are Dongguan, Tiesanguan and Shimenguan in the east, Xiguan, Wendeguan and Yanmenguan in the west, and Beijinguan in the north. As solid as gold, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and its momentum is no less than that of the Great Wall of Wan Li. It is a section of the "Southern Great Wall" and is known as the "Great Wall beyond the Great Wall in the South of the Yangtze River".

And the ideal city has now disappeared, that is, zhenyuan county. The county seat was built by Zou Ruixiang, a magistrate of a county in the 19th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (159 1), and the city site is on the south bank of Haiyang River. It is a tucheng, with a wall of about 550m long, 2.5m high and1.3m wide. However, in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the county government moved to the North Shore, which was gradually dismantled with the government and Tucheng, and a school palace was built there.

Acropolis, Fucheng and County form a word "product", just like three pillars. The county seat is gone now, but the acropolis wall is still loyal to its duties, guarding the surging river. The majestic "Nanren City" is just a broken wall. The sun sets and the autumn wind blows gently. Facing this vast mountain and sea, it silently tells the historical vicissitudes of war.

"Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival" in Miaojiang

Zhenyuan, however, which is clouded by war, is becoming increasingly prosperous because it is a "land and water metropolis" and a commercial city in southern Xinjiang. Exactly: "I didn't know there were bells and drums in the morning." With the establishment of health centers, a large number of military households came to Zhenyuan, and later moved to craftsmen and civilian households, with an increasingly dense population. Zhenyuan is located in the upper reaches of Yuanjiang River and controls the post road. There are more than 20 stops from Yunnan to Zhenyuan, and the goods are all horses. After crossing the town, it diverted to the waterway. Ships come and go from Zhenyuan to Changde and Yueyang. "The big one is called Chen Chuan, which can accommodate more than 20 people." "The small one is called loach, which can accommodate three or four people." If you sail against the current, the ship will dock in Zhenyuan and take the road of Yunnan. Smart businessmen have a special keenness. Seeing that Zhenyuan is a rich place, they can transport all kinds of materials from the mainland to the border areas, and they can also transport Yunnan-Guizhou native products to the "Xiajiang River", so they gather in Zhenyuan in droves. Goods from Yunnan, such as copper and tin, are mostly distributed here. Yunnan copper shipped to Zhenyuan, the price can be two or three times higher than the place of origin, which is very profitable, so the business is booming. Grain, rice, cloth and groceries shipped from "Xiajiang" can also be bought and sold here, and the profit of car thickness can also be obtained. Military exchanges and the gathering of businessmen have made Zhenyuan a metropolis where ships and cars fight and goods gather.

The waterway is busy and there are many battles, so many docks have been built on both sides. Wharf is the connection point of land and water transportation and a major symbol of Zhenyuan city. It shows that this ancient city was once a transportation hub with dual functions of military and trade. There are five wharves in the Acropolis, namely: Acropolis Grand Wharf, Jiyang Temple Wharf, Shangbeimen Wharf, Yangliuwan Wharf and Laoximen Wharf. Fucheng is a bustling business district, including Daheguan Wharf, Fucheng Wharf, Yumen Wharf and Chenghuangmiao Wharf. Zhongzikou Wharf, Mi Wharf and Tianhou Palace Wharf.

The dock has its own function. The docks of the Acropolis were originally mainly used for military purposes, but some of them were later converted to civilian use. For example, Jiyang Temple Wharf is a place where fishing boats dock, except for loading and unloading goods. "A few fishermen come home late, and the wind blows all over the reeds" is a portrayal of the prosperity of fisheries in that year, and "Fan Yan Fisherman Singing", one of the "Twelve Scenes in Zhenyuan", refers to this place. Grain transportation is the bulk of Zhenyuan's material transportation, and there has been a rice wharf dedicated to grain transportation for a long time. With the expansion of commercial activities, some have become salt docks, porcelain docks and cloth docks. Fucheng Wharf and Acropolis Wharf face each other across the river, which is not only a place for ships to rely on, but also a ferry and bridge connecting the two sides. Because the archway of "Yong 'an Tongji" was originally built on the street of Fucheng Wharf, it is called "Yong 'an Ferry". Fucheng Wharf is semicircular, divided into four platforms, and steps on 30 stone steps from the river to the street. Acropolis Wharf is12m long and has 26 stone steps. When crossing the river in autumn and winter, people can walk on the bridge, and when the water rises in spring and summer, they have to ferry back and forth by boat.

The bridge spans more than 70 meters and is a pontoon bridge connected by 36 canoes. The canoe is made of nanmu, connected by 72 load-bearing logs, covered with 144 large logs and 180 thick planks, so people can cross the bridge safely. In the flood season, it becomes a ferry. The willow smoke cage on the shore, the setting sun, the afterglow, "misty clouds, Liu Yi Yi Yi", the scenery is pleasant and intoxicating, forming the "Zhenjiang Late Crossing" mainland. As the poem says: "the smoke on the river is condensed, and the birds in the forest rest;" Lisa talked nonsense and became quiet when she got to the shore. Meet the castle in the middle of the month, downstairs in Yong' an; "The first half of the month is hidden, and pedestrians return at night." Chongzikou Wharf is located in downtown area, and it is also a wharf for berthing ships and bridges. Laoximen Wharf, also called Laoximen Wharf, was once used as Du Dong Wharf. Yangliuwan Wharf is named after the shady willows on the shore. This is an ancient ferry, and an old boatman named Zhang spent it here, so it is also called "Zhang" ferry.

Yumen Wharf, located on the south side of Xinglong Street in Fucheng, is one of the docks with large throughput in Zhenyuan. The dock is built of bluestone and divided into five steps, with a total of ***33 steps. There is a double-eaved pagoda at the exit with the word "Yumen Wharf" written vertically. "There are three waves in Yumen, and there is a thunder underground", which not only means the beauty of Hakka, but also means that business is booming and financial resources are rolling in. There are often temple fairs in Jackie Chan Temple, and there are many firms in Fuxing Lane opposite. The prosperity of commerce contributed to the prosperity of the dock. Tianhou Palace Wharf is also a bustling place, and Fujian Yinren uses this as a base to do big business, so it is particularly imposing. Daheguan Wharf is a water checkpoint in the middle and upper reaches of Wuyang River. In the Qing dynasty, the Lijin Bureau was set up here to collect taxes, which can be regarded as the "customs" of Zhenyuan.

Countless docks have gradually turned the river bank into a market. Foreign businessmen, whether they come back from the riverside or from the postal route, often stay in Zhenyuan and set high prices for resale, from which they can make huge profits. They came together and settled here, but they often get together as fellow villagers to form a city. According to the records in Guizhou Atlas of Ming Dynasty, Zhenyuan has formed Shawan City, Chenzhou City, Nanjing City, Jiangxi City, Raozhou City, Puding City, Guangzhou Market and Dongguan City. From the street names, we can know that most southerners gathered in Zhenyuan are "Xiajiang people", Chenzhou is generally a Hunan guest, Nanjing is a business gang in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Jiangxi and Raozhou are obviously old cousins of Jiangxi. Puding is today's Anshun, because its place is "the throat of Yunnan and the belly of Guizhou" and it is a transit point for the distribution of Yunnan-Guizhou goods. Therefore, people "only pay attention to trade", so Anshun people who are good at business have come to Zhenyuan to engage in trade.

In the Qing Dynasty, Zhenyuan's commerce was "the best in Guizhou Province". Since modern times, many domestic materials have been shipped abroad, and foreign yarn, foreign cloth and foreign goods have also been introduced, forming industries such as cloth, salt, groceries and porcelain. The export materials are mainly Yunnan-Guizhou native products, mainly tung oil, rapeseed, wood oil, tea, gallnut, cowhide and bristles. Tung oil in eastern Guizhou is transported to Hongjiang export in Hunan via Zhenyuan, which is called "Hongyou". At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there appeared five major firms in Zhenyuan: Baisong, Changqing, Yichang, Sheikh and Longyisheng. Later, more than 20 industries such as cotton cloth, salt, department stores, groceries, hotels, restaurants, butchers, and wine-making appeared, such as the Fire Temple firewood charcoal market, Wanmen Wharf chicken, duck and fish market, Sanpaiba No.1 food market, Luojiaba rice market, Arctic Palace No.2 food market, and Shi Bao Street pig and sheep bull market. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, there were hundreds of large and small shops here, not only Chinese restaurants such as Wanbei, Volkswagen and Universal, but also "San Francisco" western restaurant. The streets are crowded with people day and night, and a folk proverb says, "Zhenyuan Street is crowded with people, and all those who carry the kiln and pot are smashed, but Tantong Oil can't get out of the city."

Foreign businessmen have set up many business gangs in Zhenyuan and established guild halls with fellow villagers. "Hometown is not close", the guild hall connects people living in other places and forms a "local chain". They often meet here and take care of each other, and some of them have become family friends or in-laws, forming an intertwined social force over time. The cohesion of the guild hall is not only for "homesickness", but also for economic benefits. Businessmen in the same area often exchange residences, fight with each other, discuss things with each other, jointly control a certain business, compete with businessmen in other areas and seek their own development. The appearance of guild halls is an active manifestation of commodity economy, which has a lot to do with the exchange of materials and the formation of business gangs. Most of the places where there are many clubs are places where foreign businessmen gather.

The town is far away, and there have been many halls since the Qing Dynasty. Based on southern gangs, they worship idols to unite villagers and engage in business activities in Zhenyuan. Jiangxi people are best at doing business, mainly selling porcelain and dealing in vegetable oil. The completed guild hall is called "Wanshou Palace". Fujian businessmen are good at long-distance trafficking, especially at sea and inland river shipping. They invited Mazu, who they believed in, to build the Tianhou Temple in Zhenyuan, which is the Fujian Guild Hall. Businessmen from Hunan and Hubei often join hands to set up the Hunan-Hubei Guild Hall in Zhenyuan. Because there are many rivers and lakes in Jingchu, especially Yu, who is in charge of water conservancy, the hall of the two lakes is located in Yu Palace. Under the slogan of "the old people in the world are one family", people from South Guangdong and Guangxi built the Guangdong-Guangxi Guild Hall in Zhenyuan. Sichuanese love Li Bing and his son. They built Dujiangyan. Wherever I went, I built Chuanzu Temple and built Sichuan Guild Hall around it. Shanxi people run banks, Shaanxi people run pawn shops, and * * * controls Zhenyuan Finance, so Qin Jin Guild Hall was built. Merchants in Jiangsu and Zhejiang mainly sell cloth and department stores, and jointly build Jiangnan Guild Hall in Zhenyuan. In several northern provinces, Kenan also came to Zhenyuan, but the number was small. Later, the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Guild Hall was jointly established. The Eighth Guild Hall is a symbol of Zhenyuan's commercial prosperity and a major feature of Zhenyuan's ancient city.

Zhenyuan has developed industry and commerce, and many guilds have been formed in industry. Handicraft workers engaged in dyeing and weaving established Meige Society by respecting the two immortals of Meige as their ancestors. People who cook and run restaurants, especially those who worship Wang Zhan, Kitchen God and Mi Gong, set up the Wang Zhan Club. People who practice medicine and sell medicine especially worship Sun Simiao, the king of medicine, and set up a meeting of the king of medicine. Carpenters and masons respected Lu Ban and formed the Lu Ban Society. People who make and sell wine took Li Mu as their father, and established the Laojunhui. The tailor's guild is Xuanyuan guild, the butcher's guild is Zhang Jiehui, the barber's guild is Luo Zu guild, and so on.

There are many boatmen and porters in Zhenyuan. Most of them form gangs, either "green gang" or "Red Gang".

On both sides of Wuyang River, there are shops, teahouses and restaurants, theaters and palaces, and water boats flow, which can't help but remind people of the famous painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Song Dynasty. In that painting, the prosperity of the streets of Tokyo City (now Kaifeng) in the Song Dynasty was depicted, and the features of local agriculture, industry, commerce, doctors, monks and priests, petty officials and women in childhood were vividly displayed. There are fairs, walks, conversations, drinking, carts, horseback riding and sedan chairs in the market ... all kinds of worlds are vivid in the picture. In the streets and alleys, official residences, pavilions, temples and ponds point out a bustling scene of Beijing.

No one expected that in Zhenyuan border town far from the capital, in Miaojiang, which has always been regarded as a "foreign land", and on the Guizhou Plateau, there was also a vivid "Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival". On Wuyang River, the harbor bifurcates, the docks are opposite, and ships shuttle. On both banks are rows of diaojiao buildings supported by wooden columns in the water. The front of this diaojiao building is arcade-like. Teahouses, restaurants and shops mingle with towers and palaces. This place is the Qinglong Cave where the scenery of the Vatican Palace gathers. The streets are crowded with people. Businessmen stand in front of the counter and bargain, buy and sell with others. Pick onions and sell vegetables, raise your voice and sell them along the street. In pubs, you can guess the rules of boxing and get drunk. In the teahouse, in twos and threes, people talk about the past and discuss the present. Black and pink, all kinds of characters, appear on the stage, the sound of silk and bamboo, gongs and drums, southern accent, northern accent. When an official crosses the road in a sedan chair, people look down at him and wonder who this official is. Suddenly, I heard the sound of hooves, pedestrians quickly flashed to both sides, and a group of people roared past. It was great. In the downtown area, the students in the bookstore get together, and the sound of books is loud, but it is "two ears don't smell the things outside the window." Around the temple, cigarettes are everywhere, and drums in the morning are extraordinary. As night falls, thousands of lanterns cover Zhenyuan, reflecting Shiping Mountain and Wulaoshan to the outside world. A flood of spring water, a half-river fishing fire, wisps of smoke, pavilions and reflections decorate a wonderful picture, which is the "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in Miaojiang.

"Inclined door ramp" Gu Xiang

Left the downtown, walked into the narrow and deep alley, and walked into the heart of the ancient city. Ordinary tourists, after a short stroll on the street beside Zhenyuan River, go straight to Qinglong Cave or board a cruise ship to enjoy the scenery of Wuyang River. The scenery of Huiyang River, at four o'clock, the river is as green as blue, Qinglong Cave, a cave from the sea, really must go, otherwise it will be a lifelong regret. However, the charm of visiting the ancient city is in the ancient style, which is the most memorable. This is a tunnel through time and space. Walking into the alley, the hustle and bustle of the city suddenly melted away, as if time had passed, returning to Zhenyuan 50 years ago. 100 years ago, 300 years ago and 600 years ago, the life scenes of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were reproduced, which led to many ancient stories.

The alleys in Zhenyuan are very different from other places. You can't see them in other parts of the world. Hutongs in Beijing are world-famous. Because the terrain is flat and at the foot of the emperor, it must be well-behaved, square and secure, just like a chessboard. Houses are standard quadrangles, and they dare not build tall buildings, which shows the neatness of imperial power. The alleyways in Suzhou and Hangzhou are also very famous, which are composed of many small courtyards in the south of the Yangtze River. The alleyways near the river have stone steps leading to the river, so you can stop and wash, showing the charm of "water town and village". Most of the alleys in Chongqing are winding in the mountains, but because of the dense population, expensive land and dense houses, most of them are three or four floors, which looks like many pigeon cages. Hundreds of people crowded together, making a lot of noise, and often saw clothes and baby diapers hanging outside the window, just like national flags flying.

The alley far from Zhenyuan is another scene. It has the quietness of Beijing Hutong, but there are no rigid rules; Jiangnan has beautiful water towns and alleys, but there is no flat and slope-free layout; There is the style of "mountain alley" in Chongqing, but there is no noisy atmosphere in the city. The alley in Zhenyuan has both the advantages of the three and the unique flavor of Shan Ye, probably because the mountain is high and the emperor is far away. It is unrestrained and free. Gu Xiang, far from Zhenyuan, is wonderful. Besides being ancient, it has many characteristics. To put it simply, climb mountains.