Haloxylon ammodendron's living environment

Haloxylon ammodendron is a drought-tolerant plant that grows in the desert. This plant, like Populus euphratica, has a very strong wind-proof and sand-fixing ability in the desert. There are only two primitive Haloxylon ammodendron forests in the world, one in Turkmenistan in Central Asia, with an area of about 370,000 mu; The other is located in Ganjiahu, Xinjiang, China, with an existing area of 820,000 mu. However, in recent years, Xinjiang, the largest Haloxylon ammodendron nature reserve in the world, is facing a declining situation. Kuitun River is a river that flows through Haloxylon ammodendron reserve from Kuitun, an upstream city of Ganjia Lake. Historically, the Gurtu River and the Sikeshu River flowed through the Ganjiahu area after merging into the Kuitun River. Ganjiahu wetland covers a vast area, which breeds a large area of primitive Haloxylon ammodendron forest. By the end of 1970s, with the economic development of the upstream cities of Wusu and Kuitun, there was no surface water flowing into Ganjia Lake in Kuitun River, Gurtu River and Sishu River, and the vegetation in the reserve was in jeopardy due to the continuous drought.

Haloxylon ammodendron is a drought-tolerant plant growing in desert areas, but the current drought has threatened its survival. Due to lack of water, Haloxylon ammodendron's growth rate became very slow. A Haloxylon ammodendron tree about 2 meters high takes decades to grow up. Once a large area of death, it will be extremely difficult to recover.

Zhao Bin, director of Ganjiahu National White Haloxylon Forest Nature Reserve in Jinghe County, Bozhou, Xinjiang: It will take 500 to 600 years to grow a weight like Haloxylon ammodendron. You can see that Haloxylon ammodendron has just begun to seed, and its spread is the spread of seeds and the germination of roots. These are two modes of transmission.

In addition to the lack of water, there are many such big holes on the site, and some even connect together. Without exception, there will be a dead Haloxylon ammodendron next to every hole.

Cistanche deserticola, as a Chinese herbal medicine, has a history of thousands of years in China. In order to get a cistanche deserticola, the digger spared no expense to dig a hole more than two meters deep in the root of Haloxylon ammodendron, exposing the root of Haloxylon ammodendron.

Li Wenhua, Director of Natural Forest Protection and Management Center of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang: This place is rich in species, especially medicinal resources, such as cistanche deserticola and licorice. Some are profit-driven. This herb gathering has caused great damage to vegetation. This cistanche deserticola is a parasitic plant. It grows in the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron. After he finished digging this, the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron were exposed. Often this drug collector digs a drug and only knows how to dig it and doesn't know how to recover it.

Ganjiahu National White Haloxylon Forest Nature Reserve was established in 2000, and there are more than 20 rangers/kloc-0 in the reserve. Galken, a Kazakh boy who is only 28 years old, has 10 years of forest protection experience. Talking about the protection of Haloxylon ammodendron, the local herdsmen are the biggest headache for him.

Li Wenhua, director of the Natural Forest Protection and Management Center of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, said: (Grazing) mainly affects seedlings, which has a greater impact on the renewal rate. Some natural tree species and grass species are not big enough, so (cattle and sheep) have been chewed off. They are all old trees. If there is no small one, the update will be poor.

Grazing, digging medicinal materials and lack of water have become the key factors restricting the development and survival of Haloxylon ammodendron. As one of the only two primitive Haloxylon ammodendron forests in the world, its decline is not only the loss of species resources in the reserve, but more importantly, this desert woodland is the ecological security barrier of Zhungeer Basin and the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain.

Li Wenhua, Director of Natural Forest Protection and Management Center in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang: Now it is also required to start some ecological migration measures as soon as possible. Fortunately, the number of households is not too much. As long as the state gives some support, I believe they can be resettled and some ecologically sensitive areas can be moved to other areas for development. (Water shortage) Then we can only rely on these, some water transfer, cross-basin, and transfer this water from other basins.

How to move herders out of the reserve more effectively and how to transfer water across the basin. At present, the autonomous region has set up a special group to manage the White Haloxylon Reserve.