Seven cold knowledge of marine world. How many do you know?

Looking down from space, it is obvious that most of the earth's surface is blue, and the five oceans of the world cover most of the earth. The five oceans include the largest and deepest Pacific Ocean and the smallest and shallowest Arctic Ocean. Until today, 90% of the oceans are still in the unexplored stage.

▽

These inscrutable and boundless water bodies have been challenging human beings and pushing their endurance and skills to the limit. Many unusual natural records and many extraordinary achievements of mankind come from the ocean.

Touch the sea

The largest animal in history

Unlike its huge size, blue whales feed on krill, a small shrimp.

This is the largest ocean record holder. The blue whale is the largest known creature, even bigger than the strongest dinosaur. They weigh nearly 200 tons and are over 30 meters long. More intuitively, this wonderful creature is about the length of three double-decker buses.

With such a huge body, you would expect it to set some other records, and the blue whale didn't disappoint. An unfortunate blue whale was recently washed ashore in Newfoundland, Canada. The heart of this blue whale weighs 180 kg, which is the largest known heart in the world. Its aorta (the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body) is big enough to hold a person's head. In contrast, only one ant can climb the human aorta.

The biggest wave

Hawaiian surfer Garrett McNamara holds the record for breaking the biggest waves.

Waves are caused by tides and sea breeze on the water. The size of the waves depends on the length of time the sea breeze blows, the intensity of the sea breeze and the distance the waves travel. The highest wave ever reached 19 meters (equivalent to 62.3 feet), which was detected by a buoy in the North Atlantic. Even such a huge wave is not the highest wave observed. The highest wave was observed on a ship in the North Atlantic in 2002.

For those who are interested in wave height, wave height is the height difference between the peak of one wave and the trough of the next wave. Recently, the surfing record reached 23.77 meters (equivalent to 78 feet), which was set by Hawaiian surfer Garrett McNamara in Nazar at 20 1 1. He even ran waves as high as 30 meters (equivalent to 100 feet) in the same area. This incredible heroic deed may soon be officially recognized. Only a few places in the world can form huge waves for surfing. Underwater topography, such as a narrow underwater canyon like Nazar, is a very important factor to create good conditions.

The longest migration of mammals

The recorded migration of gray whales lasted for 172 days, and the great migration of wildebeests on the African plains was even more amazing, with a migration mileage of 3000 kilometers (1800 miles). Reindeer in North America can walk 5000 kilometers (3 100 miles) every year.

However, compared with the migration of gray whales, the two are like "walking in the park". Recently, researchers found that the migration distance of gray whales is as long as 22,500 kilometers (14,000 miles). They travel from their spawning grounds on the east coast of Russia to Mexico and back. This also puts the humpback whale at the top of the list at 10000 km (6200 miles), which migrates back and forth between Brazil and Madagascar.

British endurance swimmer Lewis Pew holds the record of swimming at the southernmost tip of the world.

Some waters where gray whales swim are extremely cold for most humans, but not for the famous endurance swimmer Lewis Pew, who set a record for swimming at the southernmost tip of the world. He swam 350 meters in the Ross Sea Whale Bay in Antarctica, where the seawater temperature was below zero degrees Celsius (30 degrees Fahrenheit) and the temperature was MINUS 37 degrees Celsius (MINUS 34 degrees Celsius). He achieved this feat with only a pair of swimming trunks, a swimming cap and Google, which made his achievements even more extraordinary.

Longest-lived animals (vertebrates and invertebrates)

Greenland sharks have recently replaced Arctic right whales as the longest-lived vertebrates.

Vertebrates like us, including mammals, fish, amphibians and reptiles, all have a spinal cord wrapped in cartilage or bone. The oldest of all these animals can be found in the depths of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, and that is the Greenland shark.

Last year, a female shark was determined to be about 400 years old, although radiocarbon tests estimated her age to be between 272-5 12 years old. This means that she was born in1early 6th century to1middle 8th century. Even at the lower limit of her estimated age, she was able to beat the previous record holder, a right whale with an age of 2 1 1.

The clam is not only the longest-lived mollusk (mollusk), but also its shell thickness can grow to more than 50 mm. ..

Greenland shark may only be in the middle reaches, which means it has a long way to go to become the oldest creature. The highest record belongs to an invertebrate named Ming, so it got its name because it is a round clam, which was born on the coast of Iceland in China during the Ming Dynasty. Recently, his age has risen from 405 to an astonishing 507, and this record has not been broken.

Humans still have a chance to break this record. Jeanne Louise Calment was born in 1875, and is the oldest human being, reaching 122 years old. However, the record of human life span can greatly exceed this number. Mbah Gotho from Indonesia claims to be 146 years old, although this has not been confirmed.

The fastest swimmer

Sailfish is named after its unique dorsal fin.

How fast can you swim? You may not reach the level of Olympic swimmer michael phelps, who can swim 8 kilometers (5 miles) per hour, but even Olympic swimmers can't match the speed of swordfish. It is widely reported that the instantaneous top speed of swordfish in short distance reaches 1 10 km. But recent research shows that its top speed is more likely to be 40 kilometers (25 miles) per hour.

This is still very fast, but it will meet a competitor who competes for the title of the fastest fish: the black horse forest fish. It is measured that this strong fish can accelerate to 129 km (80 miles) per hour. It is very difficult to record and measure this speed, but both kinds of fish are competing for the title of the fastest swimmer on earth.

The deepest part of the earth

Film director James Cameron sailed a submarine to the deepest challenger abyss on earth.

Mariana Trench is located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines. This is a deep valley on the seabed, which is formed by one crustal plate diving under another crustal plate. It is over 2550 kilometers (1 500 miles) in length and 69 kilometers (43 miles) in average width. But its depth is unparalleled. It is not only the deepest part of the earth's ocean, but also the deepest part of the earth's surface. The depth from Challenger Abyss, the deepest part of the trench, to the ocean surface is almost 1 1, 000 meters (36,000 feet).

You can throw Mount Everest into the Mariana Trench, and its peak will be 65,438+0.6 kilometers (65,438+0 miles) below the water. Thousands of people have climbed Mount Everest, but only a few have dived into the trench. One of them is the film director James Cameron, who arrived there on the Deep Sea Challenger in 20 12 to explore.

The deepest diving mammal

Ju Weiye's beaked whale holds the record of the deepest diving and the longest breath-holding time.

For true deep diving, spiral whales are the deepest diving mammals. Scientists recently tracked these whales and reported that one of them dived to a depth of 2992 meters (98 16 feet). In the process, they also set another record for mammals, that is, they held their breath in water for more than 2 hours at a time, as long as 138 minutes.

Austrian Herbert Nicky was nicknamed "the deepest man on earth".

According to the different weights, flippers and ropes used, there are several different records of human free diving (closed diving without oxygen tanks). Free diving can be as deep as several hundred meters. Herbert Nichi was nicknamed "the deepest man on earth" when he first set a diving record of 265,438+04 meters (702 feet) in any category.

William Tru Bresi from New Zealand is the world record holder of free diving. He was the first person to break the 65,438+000-meter diving obstacle without help.

William Tru Brecci/KLOC-broke the world record for 0/5 times and won the world champion of free diving for many times. At the same time, he holds the world record of 102 m (equivalent to 334 feet) finless diving depth and 134 m (equivalent to 407 feet) free diving depth.