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1. Compound surname: a surname consisting of two or more Chinese characters. Such as Ouyang and Sima. There are many sources of compound surnames, such as official names, fiefs and occupations. Some of them came from ethnic minorities and changed their surnames.

Second, the compound surname is as follows:

1A

Anling Anping Anqi Anyang

2B

In vain, Hou Baogong, the north gate of Northland, Beishan Beitang, forced Vencent Yang Moubo Boming.

3C

Cao Mou, Cao Qiu, Chang Tao and Changyu failed, and brought a horse to blame Lu Chou for wearing a seal under the door.

4D

Dada Road Xidantai Dengling No.5 Land Liandilun Dongfang Dongli Southeast East Palace East Gate Dongxiang Dongdan Dongguo Dongling East Guandong Ludong Dongye Donglai Douluyu Duwei DuDu Duanmu Duan Gan Duo Zi

5F

Fang Leifeng will seal the father, husband, husband and the rest of the floating hills.

6G

Gan Gaotang Levin Gao Shu Geng Sanggeng Gongliang Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Xi Gonggong Gonglian Gongliang Gonggong Shanggongshan Gonghu Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gongguo Gongguan Dragon Salmon Yang returned to the sea.

7h

Han Yu Hao Sheng Hao Xingge Guge Sigebo Helan He Lian Heizhu Hou Ganghu Hu Qiu Fahu Huang Wufu Huang Fu Handan.

8j

Wuguan Baiji Jimo Jigua Ji Lian Sun Qizhong Qiu Jiang Jinya Chu Jin Jincheng Jinyang 990 Fang Sui Jiuju Qumu

9k

Can you quench your thirst and sweat? Kong Tongkong, Kun Wukong.

10l

Lao Yang, Yang Le, Li Fei, Liyang, Liang Qiu, Liangyou, Liangyou, Lingyang, Lingzhou, Leng Lun Hu Ling, Liu Liu Wang, Xia Longqiu, Lu Bu, Lu Bu, Lu Fei, Jiao Li, Lu Qiu.

1 1m

Maya Maiqiu Maoyi Mi Mou Mig Mimao Mo Yi Motel Wanjun Changdun Murong Wood Door Muyi Wanyi

12n

Nangong Nanguo South Gate Nanrong Nuwa

13p

It was Peng Zuping who made Pingning break the ugly servant and consolidate Puyang.

14q

Qi Diao's strange intermediary, mother, mother, and even Qilian's begging for help, Qili's thousand generations of diligent lodging, Qingyang Qiuli's hilly land, after the song, Qu Tu Qu Qu Qu Nan Qu Lu Qu Tong Qu Men Qu Yin.

15r

Let Lucy Rao Long be Ru Yan.

16s

Sagu, San Francisco, Sancho, Shangqu Shangguan, Shao Shi, Shao Shi, Shao Shu, Shao Zhengshe, Nanshe, North Shen Tu, Shen Yousheng, Tu Shi, Shi Niu servant Ji, Wei Shi, Sun Shizhen, Uncle Sun Shuxian, promoted to Shuiqiu Sicheng, SiKonghong Sima Situ Si He Su and Su Sha Sun Yang Suo Yang Suo.

17t

Dai Lu Taishi Shu Tai Sun Dantai Tangshan Tangxi Taoqiu Perfect Body West barnes Figure Chintu Shantu Huotu Hetu Wan Tuluo Tumen Figure Tuo Difficult Tu Tu Tu Tu Figure Mixed Tu Tu Tu Tu Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo.

18w

Sun Wangren Shao Weiwen was appointed as Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu

19x

Xifu Xiling Xiqiao Xiyao Xixiang Ximen Western Zhou Xiguo Xiye Xigong Opera Yang Xulu Xiahou Xianxian presented jade Xie Qiu Xinping Embroidered Seo Woo Wu Xuanxuan Xuan Qiu E Shi

20 years old

Yanling Lead Mausoleum Claw Yelv Yiyou Yinfang Yongmen Youyou Lian Yuling Yuqiu Yuwen Weichi Leyang Le Zheng Yunyun Period.

2 1z

Zaifu Zhang Changer Zhen Xuan is making Nakano Tadashi Zhong Sun Zhongchang Zhou Zhousheng Zhu Yang Zhuge's main father Zhuan Xu Zhuan Xu humiliate the son of Qiuzi Yanzi, serve his son, and Yang Zongbo, the son of Sangzi's uncle, and Cai Sihao of Liu Wen 'erdali in Zuo Zuo, the left, awarded Jieyang in Hujiagu.

There are 22 compound surnames.

There are 8 1 compound surnames in China: Ouyang, Taishi, Duanmu, Shangguan, Sima, Dongfang, Dugu, Nangong, Wanxiong, Wenren, Xiahou, Zhuge, Weichi, Ram, Helian, Dan Tai, Huangfu, Zong Zheng, Puyang, Yegong, Shu Tai, Shen Tu, Gongsun and Murong. Tuoba, Oracle bones, Xuanyuan, Hu Ling, Duangan, Baili, Huyan, Dongguo, Nanmen, Yangtongge, Weisheng, Gong Hu, Gong Yu, Gongyi, Liang Qiu, Gong Zhong, Gongshang, Gongmen, Gongshan, Gongjian, Zuo Qiu, Gongbo, Ximen, Gong Zu, Fifth, Gongcheng, Guanqiu, and so on.

Third, genre.

Chinese compound surnames are divided into Han nationality compound surnames and minority compound surnames. Zheng Shu, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, in his masterpiece "A Brief Genealogy", divided the Han-style compound surnames of ethnic minorities from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties into three schools: the northern compound surnames, the Kansai compound surnames and the compound surnames in all directions.

"Compound surname instead of North": refers to the surnames of Han nationality and ethnic minorities in Northeast and Northwest China, with more than two characters. The compound surnames of Daibei included in Hundred Family Surnames include Helian, Yuwen, Weichi, Sun Chang, Murong, Wanxian, Huyan, etc. The surnames of Chiluo, Chiwen, Chimen, Chinu and Chilu in history also belong to Daibei compound surnames.

"Compound surname in Kansai" refers to the compound surnames of all ethnic groups living in Hanguguan or the west of Tongguan, mainly Qiang people. For example, Tong Erlang, Mo Zhe, Fu Meng, Xi He, Qu Nan, Lu Bu and so on. These are the compound surnames of the Qiang people.

"Multiple surnames": refers to the compound surnames used by immigrants from neighboring countries and nationalities. Such as Fu Yu, Fotu, Ye Jia, Blackpool, Xiang Xian, courtiers, Gotama, Kuomo, Yan Shan, Jia Ji and Qi Mo. According to Zheng Qiao's textual research, the origin of these compound surnames comes from Central Asia, West Asia, India, Korean Peninsula and Japan. The surname of Mo Mo is from the western regions, the surname of Ye Xian is from North Korea, the surname of courtiers is from Japan, and the surname of Kumo is from Tianzhu. These compound surnames were later assimilated into the single surnames of the Han nationality, and now they are no longer used. Since the Song Dynasty, the compound surnames of Xianbei, Qidan, Jurchen, Mongolia and Manchuria have been added one after another, as well as the compound surnames of ethnic minorities in southern China.

Fourth, the number of words

China's longest compound surname has the word 17, which is called "It is difficult to cover up the mother in the Moon Tower, but it is glad to thank her".

The Dictionary of Surnames in China shows that there are 4,329 two-character surnames, 65,438 three-character surnames, 96 four-character surnames +06 15, 22 five-character surnames, 7 six-character surnames, 3 eight-character surnames and 7 nine-character surnames recorded by various ethnic groups in ancient and modern China (for example, Hans Mountain Si Wu). The longest compound surname in China is 17.

The source of verb (abbreviation of verb)

There are many sources of compound surnames, as follows:

From a fief

Linghu's Hundred Family Names describes it this way: During the Zhou Dynasty, a man named Wei Ke repeatedly made meritorious military service and was sealed in Hu Ling, and later generations took "Hu Ling" as his surname;

Laozi's grandson Duan Gan was sealed in Duan Gan, and later generations took Duan Gan as their surname.

In addition, there are Liang Qiu, Shangguan, Yang Tongge and other compound surnames, all of which belong to this situation.

From sb.' s residence

Dongguo, the doctor of Qi Huangong lived in Dongguo, Linzi, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, and later generations took "Dongguo" as their surname;

In the state of Qi, there was a doctor with a baby who lived in a town called Zhenying, and later generations took this as their surname.

Chu Huaiwang's youngest son, Zilan, was appointed as a Shangguan doctor. Shangguan, a place name, is in the southeast of Hua County, Henan Province. The descendants of Zilan have lived here for generations, so they take the official surname.

Ouyang surname, this Wang Yuhou. Qi, the son of Yu, founded the Xia Dynasty, went to Shao Kang, sealed an illegitimate child in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and established Yue State. In 306 BC, the State of Yue was destroyed by the State of Chu, and the son of the king of national subjugation, named hoof, was sealed in Wucheng (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang Province) to the south of Shan Zhi. In ancient times, it was called the south of the mountain, and the south of the mountain was cloudy, so the hoof was also called Ouyang Houting. Then take Ouyang as his surname.

Eastern surnames are based on geographical location. From ancient fu. According to the Eight Diagrams in Zhouyi, Fuxi was the Lord of the East because of the "shock" divination, so a descendant of Fuxi took "the East" as his surname. Gong Bei, East Palace, South Gate and West Gate have the same surnames. After Zhou Wenwang, Ji Kuo was attacked as a secretary of family protection for generations, and lived outside Bei Gong, Kyoto, so he took Beigong as his surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a doctor Zheng in Ximen, and later people took Ximen as their surname.

Also belonging to this category are Helan (mountain name), Yangtongge, Baili (city name), Dan Tai (lake name), Nangong, Puyang and other compound surnames, which also come from the place of residence.

From the official name, the words of the king's father, the title and the clan.

Before 445 BC, Qi died in Chu, and Qi Jian's younger brother fled to Lu. It turned out that the Xia royal family received preferential treatment and was named Hou, known as Xiahou. Later, the descendants of Tuoba took Xiahou as their surname. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the imperial court has set up the posts of Stuart, Sima and so on. Si Tuleideng is in charge of land and population, engineering construction, and Sima is in charge of military affairs and taxes. These officials are so important and prominent that their people are proud of them and take their official positions as their surnames. Also in this category are Taishi, Sikou, Lezheng, Shaozheng, Zong Zheng, Jimo, Guan Qi, Wuma, Lezheng and Zuo Qiu.

Ram, bicycle and other compound surnames come from the word Wang Fu;

Gongsun and Deng's compound surnames come from the system of peerage; Granduncle and other compound surnames come from families.

Sima Qian was jailed for the Liling case. His two sons, Sima Lin and Sima Guan, were afraid of being implicated, so they changed their names and lived in seclusion in the village. The two brothers each took the word Sima, and the eldest brother added two points to the left of the word Ma and changed his surname to Feng. The younger brother added a vertical to the left of the word "Si" and changed his surname to "Tong". Another example is Ouyang, who has a compound surname. Some of them are simplified as Europe, while others are simplified as Yang. Li Zhong is simplified as a clock, Gong Sun as the sun, and so on.

From a person's name

Duanmu's family, Xiong Huan, was born in Zhou Dynasty, and was the teacher of King Wen. Xiong Ji gave birth to two sons, the firstborn Li Xiong and the second Duanmu. Duanmu scripture, which takes the father's name as the surname, is the ancestor of Duanmu.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, his son was an official in Lu, and later generations were proud of his achievements, so he took his ancestral name as his surname and called it his surname.

Names from tribes

Among our descendants, there is a famous zombie Li, whose history is called Wang. He named it Dugu Department after his ancestor Liu Jinbo. Their descendants all take the tribal name as their surname and call it Dugu.

Wei Chi's family and Wei Chi's department entered the Central Plains with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and were ordered to take the Chinese homonym "Wei Chi" as their surnames.

Create your own surname

He Lian's family, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Liu Huo, the iron clothing department of the southern Xiongnu, called himself Xia Wang and Tian. He founded Xia Guo, and the royal family took He Lian as their surname.

From the name of mountains and rivers

Dan Tai's family: In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a disciple of Confucius in Lu, whose name has been lost. He traveled south to the Yangtze River valley and lived in Tantai Mountain (now Jiaxiang, Shandong Province), so he was named after Tantai Mountain. His descendants took "Dan Tai" as their surname and called it Dan Tai.

Wan Yan's family: The word "Wan Yan" is a jurchen language, and the Chinese pronunciation is "winding". It is a branch of the black water cymbal that lives by the winding river in Suibin. Later, it was scattered all over the country, and it was named after Qushui.

From a given surname

Sun Chang's family: After Tuoba GUI proclaimed himself emperor in the Northern Wei Dynasty, he gave his son Sun Chang's family to Sha Hero because he was the son of his great-grandfather.

From the country name

Zhong Lishi: During the Zhou Dynasty, descendants of Boyi left the country (now Fengyang and Linhuai in Anhui). During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong Lishi was destroyed by Chu State, so China people named him Zhong Lishi after the original country name.

Chunyu Family: Qi Huangong settled in Chunyu City (now Anqiu, Shandong Province, formerly the capital of Qi State), revived the country, became Qi Huangong, and became one of the small countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. After the national subjugation, his name was Chunyu.

Yiqu and Yiqu nationalities were a branch of Xiqiang and Rong nationalities before Shang Dynasty, and originally lived in Guyuan grassland, Liupanshan and Longshan in Ningxia. In Shang Dynasty, the Rong people of Yiqu once worked for. During the period of Shang and Wuding, Shang continued to fight against Rong Di, and both won, forcing the ghost to stay away from Mongolian grassland, while Yi Qu and other Rong surrendered to Shang. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Yiqu surrendered to Zhou again. Before 650 BC, after the Yi Qu annexed Beirong, it further developed eastward and southward, first pointing its finger at the State of Qin. In 352 years before Wu Gong, the State of Qin sent troops to attack the State of Wei and recovered Xihe County and Heshangjun County occupied by the State of Wei. Since then, Yiqu has bordered Qin in the east and south, and the friction between the two sides has started again. In 33 1 year before Wu Gong, there was civil strife in the Qin Canal, and King Hui of Qin sent concubines to make peace. From then on, Yiqu surrendered to Qin, and the two sides made peace in wartime, and Qin slightly occupied Yiqu. In 327 BC (the 11th year of King Hui of Qin), Yiqu officially became the territory of Qin, with the country as the Qin county and the monarch as the minister of Qin. After decades of peace and war, in 272 BC, that is, 34 years later, Queen Xuan seduced and killed Yiqu King in Ganquan Palace. Then he sent troops to cut down the Yi Qu, which fell, and the territory became a part of Qin State. Yi Qurong was also integrated into the Han nationality and gradually sinicized. Yiqu has also become a new compound surname.

From a profession

Qi Diao: It is said that when Qi Diao first appeared, it was a professional title, an ancient title for painters and decorators. Their descendants take their surnames from the names of their ancestors' occupations or skills and call them Qi Diao.

Gu Liang family: In ancient times, there were some tribes with relatively developed agriculture. They are proud of being able to grow high-quality millet. In ancient times, Xiaomi was called Liang, so clan leaders who were good at planting Liang used surnames.

From classification

The second family: After the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, more than 100,000 descendants of the royal and aristocratic families of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and other countries in the Warring States Period were forcibly moved to Fangling area in Guanzhong (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province). When the aristocrats of Tian surname in the former Qi State migrated, they were divided into the first to eighth surnames according to their family background, Tian Deng was the second surname, and the second surname was one of them, so the second compound surname came into being.

The fifth largest family: after the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, more than 100,000 descendants of the royal and aristocratic families of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei in the Warring States Period were forcibly moved to Fangling area in Guanzhong (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province). When the aristocrats of Harada in Qi moved, they were divided into the first to the eighth surnames according to their families, and the fifth surname was one of them, so the fifth compound surname came into being.

Take blood relationship as the surname.

During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Lu Jue's positions were divided into five categories: public, hou, bo, zi and public. The duke ranks first in the fifth class, which is extremely glorious. Their descendants call themselves "Gongsun" to show their noble blood. Therefore, "Guang Yun" records: "After the ancient seal, they all called themselves Gongsun, so they had many surnames and were not of the same clan."

This is based on social impact.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars from the State of Lu gathered to give lectures, which made "the door of Confucius has three advantages and three disadvantages" and became famous all over the world. His descendants took Wen Ren as their surname.

It takes the special address of ethnic minorities as its surname.

Such as hector, Khan, Huyan (Xiongnu); Tuoba, Yuwen, Murong, Dugu (Xianbei), etc.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the clan was destroyed by King Chu Ling, and later generations changed to Luo or Fu.

In the Han Dynasty, he married the Huns. Because the custom of Xiongnu is that the rich take their mother's surname, so many descendants of Khan are surnamed Liu.

In the Three Kingdoms, Mohubao, a Xianbei native, took refuge in Sima Yi and made him king. At that time, a kind of hat called "Buyao" was popular among Han people in the north, and Mo liked it very much. He also got a hat to wear every day. Because the local dialect "Buyao" is homophonic with "Murong", his people later called him "Murong" and simply took this as their surname.

There are many other ethnic minorities, such as Kefu frequency, Tonger, Koryo and Keshbo. Because they are all kings of their own nation, their descendants later changed their surnames to Wang.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Prime Minister Zhuge Liang once conquered the barbarians in the south, and there was a barbarian tribe named Long, who changed his surname to Zhang after surrender.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a northwest Qiang nationality with a surname of Shaodang. They later claimed to be descendants of Dashun, so they changed their surnames to Yao.

In order to eliminate the negative influence of the old slavery system on the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, strongly advocated sinicization. One of the measures is to change many compound surnames that originally belonged to Xianbei people into Han surnames, such as Tuoba himself, into Yuan, and "Dugu" into Liu. In addition, Boluo changed to Su, Mohulu changed to Yang, Helan, Heba, Hedi and Hedun changed to He, changed to Han, and Duoluo and Chiluo changed to Luo, Tufulu, Fulu and Mo. Muddy and muddy, Zhu Ke mixed Zhu, Hou Chen, Li Li, Duo Luo and Pan, He Lv changed Zhou, Gu, Wu changed history, Tu Gu mixed what, Bu Liugu changed his surname to Lu.

General Wang Heshang of Nanliang, originally from Xianbei, surnamed Wu Wan. Later, he went to the Liang Dynasty and changed his surname to Wang. In the Northern Dynasties, there was a Uighur family whose surname was changed to Di. After the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty, some surnames were changed to Du.

In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong defeated the Turks, and Khan, the western Turkic, led his troops to Chang 'an, and his descendants renamed him Luo. Another tribe, the surname, originally belonged to Xianbei, and was changed to history after surrender.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a Mongolian named Yue Naihe who changed his surname to Ma because his ancestors had worked as military inspectors in the State of Jin. Later, Ma became the most popular name among Hui people. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, many Mongolians changed their surnames to Han, including Wang, and some Yan Hong people also changed their surnames to Wang.

Ming Taizu led the army to conquer Mobei, and the Mongolian prince surrendered "first" and was given the surname Jin.

After the national subjugation of the Qing Dynasty, due to political and historical reasons, many Manchu people took the Han surname in order to save their clansmen and family members! For example, the surname of the Manchu emperor Aisingiorro was changed to Luo and Jin. [ 1]

Translated from other compound surnames

Tamtai's family: It was transcribed for Dan Tai's family. Later, instead of forming another family, they gradually merged with Dan Tai. For example, The Death of the Ming Dynasty was also written in "The Death of the Ming Dynasty".

Bai Hou Shi: The ancient warlord Bai, later Bai Hou Shi, later renamed Bai Hou Shi. In the Han dynasty, there was white queen powder, surnamed Bai Hou; There are white queen evil and white queen Ann, surnamed Bai Hou.

Yangcheng: Yangcheng is the place name of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. Some people who were sealed there took Yangcheng as their surname. Later, it was translated into Yang. There was Yang Xin in the Han Dynasty. He was Yang Cheng's family. There is also the Yangcheng Show, which is from Yangcheng.

Puyang: It was changed by Puyang. There was Pu in the Han Dynasty, that is, Pu; During the Three Kingdoms period, there was another Wu Dong named Puyang.