People who love environmental protection come in.

Today, I study environmental protection knowledge with you.

Let's discuss several issues together. First, why should we protect the environment? Second, how to protect the environment? What should we do to protect the environment? Students are very concerned about the environment around us. Let me tell you one last question. What is the environmental situation in our city of XX?

First, why should we protect the environment?

Now let's discuss the first question: Why should we protect the environment?

We must first know what the environment is. Simply put, the environment is the place for human production and life, and it is the material basis for human survival and development. The Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The environment mentioned in this law refers to the sum of natural and artificially transformed natural factors that affect human survival and development, including atmosphere, water, ocean, land, mineral deposits, forests, grasslands, wildlife, natural relics, cultural relics, nature reserves, scenic spots, cities and villages." . Through the above research, we should make three points clear: the "environment" for protecting the environment is different from the "environment" referred to by environmental sanitation. First, the scope of environmental protection is much larger, very large; Second, the environment is a resource; Third, the environment is the material basis for human survival and development, and it is an indispensable condition.

So, why protect the environment? Simply put, it is because the environment has changed that is not conducive to human survival and development, and environmental problems have emerged. There are two main environmental problems: one is environmental pollution and the other is ecological destruction.

1, serious environmental pollution.

Speaking of environmental pollution, students have more or less personal experience, or have seen pollution on TV. For example, cars passing by us will raise dust, and cars will also emit tail gas, which is a kind of air pollution. Many factories discharge waste water, and factories need to use clean water for production. Clean water goes through various production processes, and many pollutants are added into the water, which becomes waste water. If factories discharge these wastewater into the environment, it will pollute rivers, canals, lakes, reservoirs and even oceans. This is water pollution. Factories also produce some waste residue in production, which we also call solid waste. We also produce a lot of waste residue in our life, which we call domestic garbage. When this solid waste is discharged into the environment, it will also pollute soil, water and air. It will also change its chemical and physical properties and produce harmful gases such as stench and biogas. This is solid waste pollution. And noise pollution, we all have personal experience. There are electromagnetic pollution, radioactive pollution and so on.

Modern environmental pollution is first produced with the development of industry, which we call industrial pollution. We call factories that produce industrial pollution industrial pollution sources. At present, China's industrial pollution sources discharge sulfur dioxide157,000 tons, industrial dust 84 10/00,000 tons and smoke dust 2170,000 tons into the atmosphere every year. It discharges 20 billion tons of industrial wastewater every year. It discharges 890 million tons of industrial solid waste every year.

With the increase of population, the improvement of urbanization level and living standard, the pollution of life is becoming more and more serious. At present, China produces 22.7 billion tons of municipal domestic sewage every year, which has exceeded the discharge of industrial wastewater. Domestic sulfur dioxide emissions are 38 1 10,000 tons, and dust is 210.7 million tons.

Due to the development of modern agriculture, fertilizers and pesticides are widely used, causing agricultural pollution. The most terrible thing about agricultural pollution is that the content of harmful substances in agricultural products exceeds the standard. Because a large number of agricultural products are food. In recent years, there have been several typical cases of poisonous rice, poisonous pork and poisonous edible oil in China. Of course, the most common agricultural pollution is to increase the content of harmful substances in food. We may not feel anything for a short time after eating these harmful substances. If it takes a long time, they will accumulate in the body and endanger our health. The most terrible thing is that these harmful substances will be enriched in nature through the food chain and accumulated in plants and organisms for a long time, which will eventually affect our human health. Agricultural pollution also pollutes air and water in a large area through soil, wastewater and solid waste, which is more difficult to control.

The biggest harm of environmental pollution is the decline of environmental quality, which affects our life and health and also affects economic development. At present, about one third of urban air quality in China is good, one third is lightly polluted and one third is heavily polluted. The quality of water environment is the seven major water systems in China: Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Liaohe River. I-III water quality, that is, the water quality is relatively good, accounting for 29.5%. Class IV water quality, i.e. light pollution, accounts for 17.7%. Class V and worse, that is, serious pollution, accounting for 52.8%. Acoustic environment. Traffic noise: 9.5% of the cities are seriously polluted, 16.5% are moderately polluted, 48.7% are lightly polluted, and 25.3% of the road traffic sound environment is of good quality. Regional environmental noise: 6.3% is heavily polluted, 49.4% is moderately polluted and 33% is lightly polluted. Only 1 1.3% of the urban areas have good acoustic environment quality.

2. The ecological balance has been destroyed.

Students, ecological destruction is what we often call the destruction of ecological balance.

What is ecological balance? Students may have seen CCTV's "Man and Nature" column, hosted by Zhao Zhongxiang. There is also the animal world, which introduces a lot of knowledge about ecological balance. For example, on a grassland, there are herbivores, such as wild sheep, zebras and bison, and carnivores, such as tigers, leopards and lions. They always exist in a certain proportion range. This is called balance. If we wipe out all carnivores, tigers, leopards and lions. Then herbivores will breed without restriction. They will eat a lot of grass, eat up the grass and have no grass to eat. As a result, herbivores themselves cannot survive and the ecological balance is destroyed. Of course, nature is a very complicated and huge system, so the ecological balance is also a very complicated balance. Some experts call it "network balance", while others call it "balance pyramid". The scientific concept of ecological balance is not easy to understand. It is explained in this way: "In any normal ecosystem, energy flow and material circulation are always going on, but in a certain period of time, organisms and the environment, as well as various organisms, maintain a stable state, that is, the energy movement and material circulation of the system remain stable for a long time, and the information transmission is smooth. This relatively stable state is called ecological balance. " Generally speaking, ecological balance is the balance of the whole nature and the global balance. It is divided into various systems. Such as terrestrial systems and marine systems. For the need of research, experts divide it into more systems, such as plateau system, plain system, industrial system, agricultural system, urban system, rural system and so on.

There are many problems that the ecological balance is destroyed, such as forest reduction, grassland degradation, species extinction, desertification, soil erosion, soil degradation, atmospheric ozone layer destruction (Antarctic ozone hole), greenhouse effect, climate anomalies and resources.

Shortage and so on.

Forests play a very important role in protecting the natural ecological balance. In the last century, the forests in the world decreased by about 1/4. Biodiversity is destroyed, and ultimately it is human beings who are threatened. In recent 10 years, 18 species of rare wild animals have been found extinct in China, and nearly 1000 species of wild animals are on the verge of extinction. At present, there are 5,000 endangered species of higher plants in the world, threatening the survival of 40,000 related organisms. The "pyramid of life" theory tells us that human beings are the stones at the top of the pyramid, and millions of plants and animals in Qian Qian constitute the main body of the pyramid. The destruction of the pyramid will definitely endanger the survival of mankind.

Protecting the environment is the objective requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China.

China is the largest developing country in the world. China's basic national conditions are: a large population, a weak foundation and a relatively backward development of productive forces. China has a population of 654.38+300 million, and everyone has to eat and dress, which consumes resources. Similarly, everyone should discharge pollutants. If each person in China uses 1 kg of water every day, it will consume10.3 million cubic meters a day and 480 million cubic meters of water a year, which is equivalent to a very large reservoir. Similarly, if everyone in our country discharges waste water 1 kg and waste residue 1 kg every day, the pollution caused by the people all over the country in one year is astronomical.

As we all know, China has 9.6 million square kilometers of land, including the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, which is rich in resources. China's total resources rank among the top in the world in many aspects. But if these resources are divided by1300 million population, the per capita resources are very small. For example, fresh water resources, China has a stable surface water runoff of 2.62 trillion cubic meters, ranking sixth in the world, second only to Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States and Japan. However, if the per capita fresh water consumption is calculated, divided by the population of1300 million, China's per capita fresh water resources are only 20 15 cubic meters, ranking 88th in the world, only 68% of the world's per capita. Therefore, the water shortage in the north of China is serious, and the country is implementing the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which transfers water from the Yangtze River to Beijing to solve the water shortage problem in the north. So are other natural resources. China's per capita arable land is only 27% of the world's per capita. China feeds 22% of the world's population with 6% of the world's arable land. China's per capita forest resources are only 12% of the world's per capita. The above is the "multiplication and division method" of China's national conditions. Whatever we do, we must proceed from the national conditions of China and persist in seeking truth from facts. Only in this way can we make a correct judgment and decision.

At present, China's productivity level is not high, and it can't afford to spend more money on environmental construction. At the same time, the technical level of pollution control in China is still relatively backward, and there is still a gap with developed countries. In addition, the ecological environment in northwest China is very fragile, and desertification is serious due to drought, destruction of forest vegetation and unreasonable reclamation. Every year, the desertified land is about 3,000 square kilometers, which is larger than the area of dangyang city. Nowadays, many big cities, such as Beijing and Xi, have sandstorms every year, and the situation is very serious. Therefore, protecting the environment is more important to our country. Because of this, the party and the state regard environmental protection as a basic national policy of our country. The so-called "basic national policy" is a basic policy that involves the long-term and overall situation of the country, so it needs to be given priority and must be implemented comprehensively and for a long time. Because of this, the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that one of the goals of "building a well-off society in an all-round way" is "to continuously enhance the ability of sustainable development, improve the ecological environment, significantly improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, so that the whole society can embark on a civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology." The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee proposed to establish and implement a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development. Environmental protection is a basic national policy of our country. Environmental protection is related to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the realization of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the long-term stability of the country.

We only have one earth.

Maybe students will ask: now our earth's environment is seriously polluted, and our country has a large population and few per capita resources. Can we send humans to other planets to live? It is ok for students to spread their wings of fantasy and make bold assumptions. However, we must look at this reality scientifically. Although China sent Yang Liwei into space, human footprints also set foot on the moon (the United States has successfully landed on the moon). Recently, the United States sent robots to Mars. However, according to the information we have obtained so far, we have not found any planet suitable for human habitation. There is no water on the moon, and no water has been found on Mars now. In addition, if a planet suitable for human habitation is really found in the future, and the cost of emigrating to other planets is too high, it must be a very, very distant place, which is much more cost-effective than protecting the home earth of human beings today. We must honestly admit the fact that we only have one earth.

Second, how to protect the environment?

Students, now let's discuss the second question: how to protect the environment?

First of all, we must accelerate economic development.

Let our country become strong as soon as possible, enhance our comprehensive national strength, make our people rich as soon as possible and improve their living standards. Only when the country is rich and strong can the country invest more manpower and financial resources in environmental protection and ecological construction. Only when the people are rich can they pursue a higher quality of life, better protect the environment and invest more in ecological construction. We protect the environment in order to create modern ecological civilization, and it is impossible to return to the primitive times. Therefore, students should study hard now, master more cultural knowledge, and build the motherland more prosperous and strong with our hands in the future, so that the people will be richer and happier.

Second, we must prevent pollution.

As we discussed before, serious environmental pollution is a prominent environmental problem. The right medicine, we must strive to prevent and control pollution. On the one hand, it is necessary to prevent new pollution sources, and at the same time, it is necessary to control existing pollution sources. The original pollution source has been treated, and the new pollution will not increase, so the degree of environmental pollution will be reduced. In order to prevent and control pollution, China has not only promulgated the Environmental Protection Law, but also promulgated a series of laws and regulations such as the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, the Air Pollution Prevention Law, the Water Pollution Prevention Law, the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law, the Noise Pollution Prevention Law, the Marine Pollution Prevention Law and the Cleaner Production Promotion Law. The state has also promulgated a series of laws, regulations and policies. As long as we act in strict accordance with the law, we can achieve the goal of pollution prevention and control.

Third, strengthen ecological protection and construction.

As mentioned earlier, the destruction of ecological balance is also a prominent environmental problem, and ecological protection and construction should be strengthened. In order to protect the ecological balance, the state has invested a lot of money to plant trees on a large scale. 1999, the state made a decision to ban all natural forest felling. Since 2002, the state has successfully implemented the project measures of returning farmland to forests. The state has also carried out the protection and construction of nature reserves, scenic spots and national forest parks, of which yuquan temple is the national forest park. The construction of ecological demonstration zones has been carried out nationwide. dangyang city was named as one of the 33 ecological demonstration zones in China by the State Environmental Protection Administration on April, 2000 10. At present, the state has started the establishment of ecological provinces, cities and counties nationwide. In order to protect the ecological balance, the state has also promulgated a series of laws and regulations, including the Forest Law, the Grassland Law, the Wildlife Protection Law and the Land Protection Law.

Fourth, strictly enforce the law and strengthen environmental management.

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that the rule of law should be combined with the rule of virtue, and environmental protection should also be handled in strict accordance with the law. Now the party and the state have promulgated a series of laws, regulations and standards for environmental protection, forming a complete legal system for environmental protection. Do a good job in environmental protection, there are already laws to follow. The key is to abide by the law, strictly enforce the law, and investigate and punish those who violate the law. China's environmental protection work has a large area, heavy work and lax law enforcement. Since 2003, six ministries and commissions, including the State Environmental Protection Administration and the State Science and Technology Bureau, have jointly launched a special campaign to "investigate and deal with illegal sewage discharge and protect people's health", and exposed a number of environmental violations, which were really shocking when they were exposed on TV. As long as we strengthen environmental law enforcement and strict environmental management, we can control pollution with less money and realize the unity of economic, social and environmental benefits.

Fifth, carry out extensive and in-depth environmental science research.

Environmental science has developed into a relatively independent discipline, involving various fields of social science, natural science and modern technology science, and is a comprehensive discipline. How to protect the environment scientifically, there are still many profound topics to be studied, and there is still a big gap between us and western developed countries in this respect. When we are considering how to control pollution, developed countries put forward the concepts of comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization. When we focus on pollution prevention, developed countries put forward the idea of realizing new industrialization. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has also made a decision to take the road of new industrialization, and now it has put forward a new concept of developing circular economy. The rapid development of environmental science forces us to constantly update our knowledge and concepts. Therefore, we must conduct extensive and in-depth research on environmental science, do a good job in environmental protection with modern science and technology, and keep up with the times.

Sixth, carry out international cooperation in environmental protection.

Environmental protection has an overall situation, which has a global integrity to a great extent, so environmental protection must carry out necessary international cooperation. The United Nations held a global conference on environment and development in 1992, put forward the theory of sustainable development, and signed a series of international cooperation agreements. The United Nations has also established a permanent organization "United Nations Environment Programme" to coordinate environmental protection all over the world, and China has also participated in the signing of these agreements.

3. What can we do for environmental protection?

Students may have seen or heard the slogan: protect the environment and benefit the people; Protect the environment and benefit future generations; Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. Students may ask: I am a student, can I make some contribution to environmental protection? Sure！ Absolutely! Each of us can contribute to environmental protection. This requires us to use our brains to think about problems, insist on starting from me, starting from now, and starting from the little things around us.

Next, I give some suggestions to my classmates.

1, love flowers and trees.

Experts made a special study on the environmental protection function of plants. The height of a tree is 10 meter, and the annual environmental value is 1000-5,000 yuan. The protection of plants to the environment is multifaceted. It carries out photosynthesis to produce oxygen; It absorbs dust, carbon dioxide and other harmful substances in the air, refreshing the air; It can also reduce noise; It provides habitat and food for wild animals; It beautifies the environment and has aesthetic value; Also protect plant genes and so on. Therefore, we should scientifically understand the importance of caring for flowers and trees from the perspective of environmental protection and consciously care for them. Take an active part in tree planting activities.

Step 2 take care of wild animals

Wild animals, like plants, have many protective effects on the environment, especially rare animals, which are listed as protected animals by the state. Once a species disappears from the earth, it is impossible to regenerate with the current scientific level and technology. The disappearance of species ultimately endangers our human survival, which is the scientific conclusion of ecological balance. Students should love bird protection and not eat wild animals, especially protected animals and beneficial natural enemies stipulated by the state.

3. Pay attention to the recycling of waste.

If waste is discarded, it will pollute the environment. In fact, any waste is a misplaced resource. If we use our brains, they should have the value of recycling. For example, waste paper, waste plastics, waste batteries, waste electrical appliances and many other things have the value of recycling. Students should pay attention to observation, use their brains and make the best use of waste.

4. Do not use or use disposable goods less.

Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have many disposable items for convenience, such as disposable lunch boxes, chopsticks, convenient bags and paper towels. Disposable articles are a great waste of resources and a serious pollution to the environment. In particular, plastic products are difficult to degrade after entering the environment, which is harmful to the environment for a long time. According to the calculation of relevant scientists, some plastic products have been harmful after being buried underground 100 years. In fact, it is unsanitary to use disposable articles. Some disposable articles contain harmful ingredients. When encountering high temperature, they are more likely to break down into our bodies. So try not to use disposable items or use them less.

5, practice strict economy

Resource shortage is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world, and saving is actually saving resources. For example, paper is made of wood pulp, so we can protect the forest by saving paper. Save water, electricity, clothes and food. Bottom line: save everything and build a conservation-oriented society.

6. Don't set off firecrackers.

The main component of firecrackers is gunpowder, which contains sulfur, charcoal powder, potassium nitrate and some potassium chlorate. Magnesium powder, aluminum powder, antimony powder and inorganic salt should also be added when making lightning, electro-optic gun, fireworks gun and colored fireworks. When firecrackers are lit, they will produce harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, and dust of metal oxides, which will fly around and stimulate people's respiratory tract and eyes. Setting off firecrackers not only pollutes the air, but also affects environmental sanitation. At the same time, the explosion was like thunder. According to the measurement, the noise of ordinary firecrackers is between 100 ~ 120 decibels, while the noise of a single lightning explosion is at least above 130 decibels, which is a noise hazard. Firecrackers often hurt people, so it is very beneficial to protect the environment and maintain people's normal life order to ban firecrackers.

7. Develop civilized and hygienic living habits (singing karaoke and watching TV at a low volume will not affect others' study and rest, and care for environmental sanitation).

8. Promote environmental protection knowledge to parents.

9. Report environmental damage to relevant departments (face-to-face reporting is not recommended).

10, study hard, enhance environmental awareness, and prepare to build the motherland more prosperous and beautiful in the future.

4. What is the environmental quality around us now?

Students, everyone is very concerned about the environmental quality around us, hoping to drink clean water, breathe fresh air, eat safe food and study and live in a beautiful and comfortable environment, which is a manifestation of our enhanced environmental awareness. At present, the environmental quality in dangyang city is generally good, but there are also some serious local pollution problems. Environmental protection is a science, and all environmental factors are closely related and relatively independent. I'd like to briefly introduce several main aspects. (omitted)

Students, environmental protection science, as a comprehensive applied subject, has broad development prospects. At present, key universities in China have set up environmental protection majors, and Peking University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology all have environmental protection departments. Environmental science covers a wide range and belongs to the comprehensive disciplines of natural science, social science and modern technical science. There are still many unknown fields in environmental science waiting for students to explore, and there are still many scientific peaks waiting for students to climb. I hope the students will study hard and lay a good foundation from now on, and welcome everyone to join the environmental protection cause in the future. Let's work together to protect our homeland, build ecological civilization while building material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization, and build our motherland into greener mountains, more beautiful water, fresher air and more beautiful environment.