Small and micro enterprises with financial knowledge

1. Microfinance knowledge system (what is microfinance)

2. Experience microfinance knowledge

3. Microfinance knowledge

Knowledge system of microfinance (what is microfinance) 1. What is microfinance?

I. China Microfinance Forum for 60 People "China Microfinance Forum for 60 People" is an unofficial and non-profit academic research institution dedicated to the theory and practice of microfinance. With a forward-looking vision and a spirit of exploration, the forum consolidates the academic foundation of microfinance in China, explores the frontier topics in the field of microfinance, promotes the reform practice of microfinance industry in China, and contributes to the development and prosperity of inclusive finance, China.

Two. Alibaba Group, Ali Microfinance Services Group, announced on March 7, 20 13 that it was preparing to establish Ali Microfinance Services Group. The main business scope of Ali Microfinance Services Group includes payment, microfinance, insurance, guarantee and other fields. Through a platform of Alibaba, help small and micro enterprises realize species diversity, provide tools for online merchants, and support online merchants to face consumers; Through the small and micro financial services group, we provide countless small enterprises and consumers with various services they need, such as funds, payment and guarantee, to support their survival and development.

Peng Lei is the CEO of Microfinance Service Group. According to media reports, the company operation of Ali Microfinance Services Group comes from four aspects. First, it owns two small loan companies in Zhejiang and Chongqing, with a total registered capital of 654.38+0.6 billion yuan; The second is to finance banks; Third, asset securitization; Fourth, it will be open to more and more banks.

Previously, Ma Yun, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, had expounded the three stages of Ali's future development: platform, finance and data. At the beginning of 20 13, Alibaba group was reorganized into 25 business groups, and the platform business was basically determined.

The establishment of Ali Microfinance Services Group means the beginning of the second phase. In this system, the most important concept is "credit equals wealth", and "openness, transparency, responsibility, sharing and interaction" are the core values.

Ma Yun, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, said: China does not need another financial company, but China lacks a financial service company that really focuses on serving small and micro enterprises. Some research reports show that since 20 14, the financial service demand of small and micro enterprises has changed, mainly in the double growth of financing demand and comprehensive financial service demand. Therefore, various financial institutions and financial institutions have laid out their own service models.

As a quasi-financial institution, commercial factoring has become a new way of micro-finance and financial services. Its role in effectively alleviating the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises and supporting the development of the real economy has been understood and recognized, and a new round of accelerated development has begun. The commercial factoring mode initiated by CAD Wan Li to provide micro-financial services meets the requirements of the growth of financing and comprehensive financial services for small and micro enterprises, and also embodies its dedicated, professional, batch and standard service concept.

Key points: the service target group is positioned as small and micro enterprises with POS cash registers to serve the real economy; Batch: The application of modern information technology and big data technology reduces the deviation and tedious process of manual audit operation, reduces the service cost, processes information data in batches and provides services in batches; Standard: Make the service into a standard product. The whole service process is like a factory assembly line, and all links are executed according to standard operations to form standard services.

2. What are microfinance, microfinance and SME finance?

Microfinance: mainly refers to the activities of providing small sustainable financial products and services for small and micro enterprises and low-and middle-income classes.

Microfinance: it is a financial service system specially established for poor low-income people and micro-enterprises. Include micro-credit, savings, remittance and micro-insurance.

Small and medium-sized enterprise finance: refers to customized financing solutions launched by financial institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises. Existing enterprises raise funds to complete the project investment and construction. No matter before or after the completion of the project, there will be no new independent legal person. Debt funds such as loans are actually used for project investment, but the debtor is a company rather than a project, and the cash flow and assets of the whole company can be used to repay debts and provide guarantees; In other words, the creditor has full recourse to the debt, and even if the project fails, the company must repay the loan, so the risk of the loan is relatively low.

If you have any questions, you can visit Xinrong.com.

3. The characteristics of microfinance

Two characteristics of microfinance:

One is for small and micro enterprises and poor or low-and middle-income groups.

Second, because of the particularity of customers, there will be financial products and services suitable for such specific target customers.

Small and micro enterprise finance has the characteristics of high risk and high return;

High risk and insufficient collateral make the financing of small and micro enterprises rely on the personal credit of business owners most of the time. In addition, the strong uncertainty of small and micro enterprises is also the main risk source of microfinance.

High-yield, in addition to the traditional risk premium, because the market is not open, the demand is far greater than the supply, and the policy premium of small loans is the source of excess income.

4. Microfinance development strategy

First, the development of micro-finance needs to formulate a more comprehensive financial development plan for small and micro enterprises and establish a multi-level and diversified financing mechanism for small and micro enterprises. We should not only pay attention to banking institutions, nor should financial support for small and micro enterprises be limited to credit.

Second, develop financial information services.

Third, formulate and improve differentiated regulatory policies.

Fourth, establish a more scientific and reasonable social risk sharing mechanism. In addition to commercial mechanism, we can also consider dispersing and compensating related risks through policy funds or securities banks. Finally, more scientific and reasonable fiscal and taxation policies should be formulated to support the financial business development of small and micro enterprises.

5. The origin and development of microfinance

Since 1970s, profound changes have taken place in microeconomics, involving many aspects, such as business philosophy, business subject, business mode and so on.

These changes have greatly expanded the development space of microfinance and brought about changes in microfinance. Specific performance in the following aspects: First, the expansion of service objects, generally refers to small and micro service objects. Everyone thinks of the poor, and many services are subsidies or financial expenditures.

Therefore, institutions engaged in such services may be * * * institutions, at least quasi * * * institutions or institutions supported by * * * funds. However, the situation has changed now. Microfinance also targets individuals or small businesses that may not be poor, but still cannot obtain financial services through formal channels.

This change reveals the reality that it is difficult for the formal financial system to provide sustained and competitive services to these individuals and enterprises from the grassroots level, which means that the microfinance system has broad development space and demand. This is why all countries in the world are committed to developing and supporting microfinance.

Second, diversification of financial services In the past, when it came to microfinance, it was microfinance. But now, this concept has been greatly expanded, not only loans, but also value-added services such as equity services, capital services, deposits and insurance.

Third, diversification of business entities There are many types of institutions that operate microfinance, mainly including five categories, namely commercial banks, credit cooperatives, non-profit organizations, non-bank financial institutions and village banks, which basically cover all existing financial institutions. It should be pointed out that commercial banks are still the main force in terms of asset scale and the number of customers they serve.

Fourth, financial technology innovation The financial industry itself is an information industry, especially in the development of microfinance. In addition, China's economic development also provides a rare opportunity for the development of micro-credit.

On the one hand, China has reached a new stage of scientific development of the real economy, paying more attention to people's livelihood, employment and social harmony; On the other hand, with the development of the financial industry for so many years, it is difficult for commercial banks to rely on large enterprises as under the traditional system. As far as credit is concerned, the main service targets of banks can only and should be transferred to medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises.

6. What is the meaning of microfinance?

Microfinance refers to providing finance for small and micro enterprises.

Small and micro enterprises refer to enterprises smaller than small and medium-sized enterprises, such as "individual industrial and commercial households". In China, small and micro enterprises account for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises. They have played a great role in activating the market, creating jobs, increasing taxes and maintaining social stability.

However, the threshold of bank loans in China is high, and loans for small and micro enterprises are urgent, small, frequent, risky and costly. Moreover, the financial policy is not enough to support small and micro enterprises, and the financing gap of small and micro enterprises is large. Financing difficulty has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of small and micro enterprises. Since 2009, the financing policy environment for small and micro enterprises has been continuously improved, and * * * departments and more and more banking financial institutions have begun to pay attention to financial services for small and micro enterprises, such as the "Commercial Loan Link", a small and micro financial product launched by Minsheng Bank, and the proportion of loans for small and micro enterprises has been continuously increased.

China's financial supervision policy, credit business tax and income tax all give preferential treatment and support to small and micro enterprises, creating a huge space for the development of small and micro finance.

Knowledge and experience in microfinance 1. How to create a good environment for the development of microfinance?

The quality of credit environment is a necessary condition for pooling financial resources.

When the environment is good, financial investment will follow; If the environment is not good, financial resources will be avoided. With buttonwood, you don't have to worry about the phoenix.

Therefore, local governments at all levels should fully understand the importance of financial environment construction and strive to create a good financial environment. Study and formulate policies and measures to support financial services for small and micro enterprises from the aspects of improving the rule of law, improving public services, risk warning, improving the registration of mortgage and pledge, and publicizing and educating financial knowledge.

It is also necessary to implement the regulatory responsibility and risk disposal responsibility of financing guarantee companies, small loan companies, pawn shops and other institutions, intensify the crackdown on illegal financial activities such as private usury and illegal fund-raising, reduce the interference with the normal business activities of financial institutions, help safeguard bank claims, crack down on evasion of bank debts, resolve financial risks, strictly abide by the bottom line of no systematic regional risks, earnestly safeguard the order of local financial markets, and escort the healthy, sound and sustainable development of the financial industry.

2. What are the unique experiences of ICBC in developing small and micro businesses?

1。

China Industrial and Commercial Bank can achieve today's achievements in the development of microfinance business, which can be traced back to 2005. It regards serving microfinance as its business strategy for sustainable development. Wang Xu said that it was based on the needs of the bank's own business development.

Increasing shareholders' returns, including digesting the original costs before and after the share reform, requires ICBC to develop rapidly in profit contribution and national tax revenue. At that time, we regarded the microfinance business as a blue ocean and really made remarkable achievements. 2。

With this strategic positioning, ICBC has tried many flexible and innovative ways to solve the problem of difficult loans for many small and micro enterprises. Long-term persistence, the "effect" responded to the question from the outside world: Can big banks be small and micro?

For example, in Beijing, the "Kechuangtong" loan business provides effective support for start-up technology-based enterprises by means of credit or intellectual property pledge; In Liaoning, the business of "medical insurance loan" and "purchase loan" is mortgaged by accounts receivable under medical insurance and accounts receivable under centralized drug purchase in public hospitals, so small and micro customers get financing support; In Fujian and Liaoning, ICBC provides loans guaranteed by market management and business loans to tenants in the market. More importantly, as of the end of September this year, the average interest rate of ICBC's small and micro enterprise loans was only 5.

About 6%. 3。

In order to serve small and micro enterprises more professionally, ICBC has set up small and micro financial centers in national branches to provide one-stop services, and loans as small as 654.38+10,000 yuan are also included in the service scope. 4。

Through the establishment of the micro-finance business center, we have realized one-stop micro-finance services in the whole process from customer access to due diligence, review, post-loan management to loan supervision, which is in line with our (successful development) model, with high efficiency, low cost and controllable risks. 5。

By searching more enterprise data, we can learn more about the real economy. In addition, these customers will certainly maintain a good cooperative relationship with us when they borrow money from ICBC, which will provide an inexhaustible source and motivation for the future development of ICBC.

3. How is the work of the small and micro department of the bank?

The choice of work can not be simply evaluated by good or bad, but the right one is the best.

So it can be said that it is suitable for people, and it is also related to the major, social experience and personality hobbies. Bank teller is more suitable for introverted, careful and quiet girls, and account manager position is more suitable for extroverted boys who are good at marketing.

Tellers are relatively stable, while the work of account managers is relatively challenging. As long as the work performance is done well, the income level will increase accordingly.

The account manager is actually a small bank. He should not only know the basic business of the front desk, but also have a comprehensive grasp of the credit business. But, don't be nervous. In fact, whether it is doing front desk or doing credit, the level of academic requirements is not high. A lot of knowledge is learned after entering the bank. A high degree of education does not mean a high ability.

Of course, to be an account manager, especially a small and micro account manager, you need to run the market frequently, which is very hard, and you have to do both deposit and loan, but as long as you can persist and devote yourself to this job, it is not difficult.

4. What are the innovations of microfinance service?

These three innovations are: innovative product term, innovative mortgage method and innovative repayment method.

A person from Chongqing Banking Regulatory Bureau said that innovative product term design can alleviate the pressure of "paying back before lending" when the loans of small enterprises expire, and small and micro enterprises do not need to go to high-cost financing to "rush loans". At the same time, banks should also innovate repayment methods and study and launch loans that can be automatically extended.

The third is to innovate the way of mortgage and pledge, and banks should gradually let go of their dependence on mortgage and pledge guarantee. According to this person, Huaxia Bank, Industrial Bank and China Merchants Bank have launched products such as "Annual Loan", "Lianlian Loan" and "Lending Link" in terms of credit term innovation for small and micro enterprises, and eligible small and micro enterprises can renew their loans without repayment.

In addition, a number of banks have launched revolving loans under the maximum credit line, which can flexibly match the production and operation cycle of small and micro enterprises. In the innovation of guarantee methods, China Construction Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank have launched new products with weak guarantee, such as "guarantee loan", "order loan" and "invoice loan".

5. Experience of three banks in Taizhou Tailong, Zhejiang Province

I have worked in one of them before and know something about the other two in the same industry. Let me share it with you.

1, Taizhou Bank is the largest, followed by Tailong and Mintai. In nature, Taizhou Bank has some city investment, with some official colors. Tailong has set foot in almost all prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang, as well as Suzhou and Shanghai branches (about 70) which have developed rapidly recently. Mintai is a bank founded by Wenling people in Taizhou with abundant capital, and it is the smallest of the three.

2. Private banks operating small and micro enterprises have been strongly endorsed by * * * people. The loan model is flexible, which is suitable for small and micro enterprises without asset collateral to raise funds quickly.

3. In terms of treatment, there is little difference among the three companies, especially the market line is basically based on performance. Generally, the market for three years is more than 10 thousand a month (it is difficult to estimate hundreds of thousands to hundreds of thousands). Tellers, that is, operating posts, earn about 3,000 yuan (Taizhou, medium level) after becoming a full member, and managers are not very high, basically just entering 3,000 to 4,000.

Knowledge of microfinance 1. What is microfinance?

I. China Microfinance Forum for 60 People "China Microfinance Forum for 60 People" is an unofficial and non-profit academic research institution dedicated to the theory and practice of microfinance. With a forward-looking vision and a spirit of exploration, the forum consolidates the academic foundation of microfinance in China, explores the frontier topics in the field of microfinance, promotes the reform practice of microfinance industry in China, and contributes to the development and prosperity of inclusive finance, China.

Two. Alibaba Group, Ali Microfinance Services Group, announced on March 7, 20 13 that it was preparing to establish Ali Microfinance Services Group. The main business scope of Ali Microfinance Services Group includes payment, microfinance, insurance, guarantee and other fields. Through a platform of Alibaba, help small and micro enterprises realize species diversity, provide tools for online merchants, and support online merchants to face consumers; Through the small and micro financial services group, we provide countless small enterprises and consumers with various services they need, such as funds, payment and guarantee, to support their survival and development.

Peng Lei is the CEO of Microfinance Service Group. According to media reports, the company operation of Ali Microfinance Services Group comes from four aspects. First, it owns two small loan companies in Zhejiang and Chongqing, with a total registered capital of 654.38+0.6 billion yuan; The second is to finance banks; Third, asset securitization; Fourth, it will be open to more and more banks.

Previously, Ma Yun, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, had expounded the three stages of Ali's future development: platform, finance and data. At the beginning of 20 13, Alibaba group was reorganized into 25 business groups, and the platform business was basically determined.

The establishment of Ali Microfinance Services Group means the beginning of the second phase. In this system, the most important concept is "credit equals wealth", and "openness, transparency, responsibility, sharing and interaction" are the core values.

Ma Yun, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, said: China does not need another financial company, but China lacks a financial service company that really focuses on serving small and micro enterprises. Some research reports show that since 20 14, the financial service demand of small and micro enterprises has changed, mainly in the double growth of financing demand and comprehensive financial service demand. Therefore, various financial institutions and financial institutions have laid out their own service models.

As a quasi-financial institution, commercial factoring has become a new way of micro-finance and financial services. Its role in effectively alleviating the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises and supporting the development of the real economy has been understood and recognized, and a new round of accelerated development has begun. The commercial factoring mode initiated by CAD Wan Li to provide micro-financial services meets the requirements of the growth of financing and comprehensive financial services for small and micro enterprises, and also embodies its dedicated, professional, batch and standard service concept.

Key points: the service target group is positioned as small and micro enterprises with POS cash registers to serve the real economy; Batch: The application of modern information technology and big data technology reduces the deviation and tedious process of manual audit operation, reduces the service cost, processes information data in batches and provides services in batches; Standard: Make the service into a standard product. The whole service process is like a factory assembly line, and all links are executed according to standard operations to form standard services.

2. What skills do small and micro enterprise loans need to master?

It is difficult for small and micro enterprises to borrow money, in fact, as long as they choose the right method.

The loan difficulty can be well solved. Below we give two types of loan financing schemes for small and micro enterprises.

A kind of enterprise problem: there are good projects and good plans, but there are no methods of starting capital and working capital: through the support of financial experts, seek "venture capital" for financing. The main goal of financing is to win private capital, small loans and loan products for small and micro enterprises launched by some banks.

Second-class enterprise problems: the company has certain investment, but the company system is not perfect, the finance is not clear, and the business risk is high. Methods: First of all, enterprises must be integrated to make their systems perfect and their finances clear.

Secondly, if your own assets are insufficient, you can make a loan through "factoring business", that is, with the help of the reputation of the enterprise with which you have a debt relationship. Thirdly, you can also use the large amount of funds provided by enterprise suppliers to revitalize the cash flow of enterprises.

3. What is the basis for the success of small and micro enterprise loans?

1, behave yourself and never deviate.

As the operators of small and micro enterprises, we must attach importance to the market value of honesty and strive to establish the external image of honesty and credit from now on. We must behave ourselves, operate legally, never deviate from the rules, be smart and keep our promises. The honest image of the enterprise will accompany you all your life and bring you unexpected wealth. 2, slow and steady, step by step to win.

In order to live within our means, we must first calculate the profit point and repayment ability, and don't ask for a loan of 2 million for 500 thousand funds. The loan period is also realistic. Don't guarantee that you can pay back the money in one year: "six months is enough."

In addition, the limited funds should focus on the main business, and do not require all-round flowering, all-round results, and eating into a fat man. 3. Master tools and use them flexibly.

Facing the trend of economic globalization, it is not enough for operators to know their own products, but also to learn financial management knowledge, be familiar with financial tools and operate financial products flexibly. For example, there are many kinds of bank loans, such as movable property and real estate mortgage loans, patent intellectual property mortgage loans, factory equipment mortgage loans, natural person property mortgage or guarantee loans, export tax rebate mortgage loans, standard warehouse receipt mortgage loans and so on.

For import and export enterprises, they can also use various bank trade financing flexibly, such as bill discount, letter of credit, buyer's credit and letter of guarantee. There are also many financing channels for enterprises, including direct financing and indirect financing.

For direct financing, science and technology enterprises can strive for national innovation fund funding and interest subsidies; You can also attract partners, participate in shares, and strengthen alliances. Indirect financing, if you need to purchase large equipment, you can engage in financial leasing; If short-term funds are in short supply, you can change positions at the pawnshop.

4. recognize relatives and make friends until the end. Some enterprises mistakenly believe that it is convenient to borrow money after making friends with banks, so that they open accounts in more than a dozen banks.

Regardless of the "capital cost" of each account, just saying "emotional cost" is enough for you to cope with. Enterprises should choose nearby banks that you think serve well to open accounts and settle accounts. This has the advantage of centralized fund settlement, so that banks can see that your trade is booming and your sincerity is seen.

The more you let the bank know about you, the more you can make friends and even become a friend in need. The bank knows everything about you and is willing to help you at a critical moment.

As an operator, it is necessary to put an end to all kinds of unhealthy practices in business and establish integrity in order to get the support of banks and society.

4. What is the meaning of microfinance?

Microfinance refers to providing finance for small and micro enterprises.

Small and micro enterprises refer to enterprises smaller than small and medium-sized enterprises, such as "individual industrial and commercial households". In China, small and micro enterprises account for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises. They have played a great role in activating the market, creating jobs, increasing taxes and maintaining social stability.

However, the threshold of bank loans in China is high, and loans for small and micro enterprises are urgent, small, frequent, risky and costly. Moreover, the financial policy is not enough to support small and micro enterprises, and the financing gap of small and micro enterprises is large. Financing difficulty has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of small and micro enterprises. Since 2009, the financing policy environment for small and micro enterprises has been continuously improved, and * * * departments and more and more banking financial institutions have begun to pay attention to financial services for small and micro enterprises, such as the "Commercial Loan Link", a small and micro financial product launched by Minsheng Bank, and the proportion of loans for small and micro enterprises has been continuously increased.

China's financial supervision policy, credit business tax and income tax all give preferential treatment and support to small and micro enterprises, creating a huge space for the development of small and micro finance.

5. How to create a good environment for the development of microfinance?

The quality of credit environment is a necessary condition for pooling financial resources.

When the environment is good, financial investment will follow; If the environment is not good, financial resources will be avoided. With buttonwood, you don't have to worry about the phoenix.

Therefore, local governments at all levels should fully understand the importance of financial environment construction and strive to create a good financial environment. Study and formulate policies and measures to support financial services for small and micro enterprises from the aspects of improving the rule of law, improving public services, risk warning, improving the registration of mortgage and pledge, and publicizing and educating financial knowledge.

It is also necessary to implement the regulatory responsibility and risk disposal responsibility of financing guarantee companies, small loan companies, pawn shops and other institutions, intensify the crackdown on illegal financial activities such as private usury and illegal fund-raising, reduce the interference with the normal business activities of financial institutions, help safeguard bank claims, crack down on evasion of bank debts, resolve financial risks, strictly abide by the bottom line of no systematic regional risks, earnestly safeguard the order of local financial markets, and escort the healthy, sound and sustainable development of the financial industry.

6. What are the innovations in microfinance services?

These three innovations are: innovative product term, innovative mortgage method and innovative repayment method.

A person from Chongqing Banking Regulatory Bureau said that innovative product term design can alleviate the pressure of "paying back before lending" when the loans of small enterprises expire, and small and micro enterprises do not need to go to high-cost financing to "rush loans". At the same time, banks should also innovate repayment methods and study and launch loans that can be automatically extended.

The third is to innovate the way of mortgage and pledge, and banks should gradually let go of their dependence on mortgage and pledge guarantee. According to this person, Huaxia Bank, Industrial Bank and China Merchants Bank have launched products such as "Annual Loan", "Lianlian Loan" and "Lending Link" in terms of credit term innovation for small and micro enterprises, and eligible small and micro enterprises can renew their loans without repayment.

In addition, a number of banks have launched revolving loans under the maximum credit line, which can flexibly match the production and operation cycle of small and micro enterprises. In the innovation of guarantee methods, China Construction Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank have launched new products with weak guarantee, such as "guarantee loan", "order loan" and "invoice loan".