The influence of scientific and technological revolution on the industrial layout of all countries in the world, please 3Q.

The influence of scientific and technological revolution on the economic development speed of various countries (1) The first industrial revolution was mainly in Britain, so after the completion of the industrial revolution, Britain became the "world factory" and the first industrial country in the world, and capitalist industries developed rapidly; For various reasons, it is difficult for France to invent and popularize new technologies and machines, and the development of the industrial revolution is hindered to some extent. With the help of the technology brought by immigrants and the introduction of British technology, the United States has continuously produced new inventions, and the industrial revolution has been completed relatively quickly. (2) In the second industrial revolution, the United States and Germany made more scientific and technological inventions and applications, and the capitalist economy developed rapidly. The total industrial output value ranks first and second in the world respectively. Britain has a vast colony, and capitalists export a lot of capital abroad and are unwilling to update their equipment. Textile industry and other departments have outdated equipment and low technical level. French farmers are poor, agricultural management is backward, and the domestic and foreign markets are narrow. The failure of the Franco-Prussian War led to the loss of important resources and funds. Monopoly capitalists invest their money in credit instead of production, and invest abroad instead of at home. These have led to a slowdown in its economic development, and industrial production has been overtaken by the United States and Germany respectively. (3) During the third scientific and technological revolution, all countries paid attention to making full use of modern scientific and technological achievements, improving labor productivity and developing emerging industries. In the 1950s, western European countries quickly recovered with their original economic and technological foundations, among which the Federal Republic of Germany attached importance to the development of science and technology education and the economy developed rapidly. In the post-war economic development, Japan paid attention to introducing advanced science and technology, developing education and training talents at the same time, and became the second largest economic country in the capitalist world after the United States in the late 1960s. After World War II, the United States applied the latest scientific and technological achievements, innovated production technology, developed emerging industries and achieved stable economic development. 4. The influence of scientific and technological revolution on the industrial layout of countries around the world During the first industrial revolution, because steam power replaced water power, factories were far away from rivers and canyons, and a number of new industrial cities were developed in coal-iron producing areas and places with convenient transportation, which made industrial production move from decentralization to centralization. A "coal-iron composite" industrial layout model has emerged. The industrial centers formed by the first industrial revolution are mostly distributed in Britain, mainly including the steel industrial base centered on Birmingham and the cotton textile industrial zone centered on Manchester. In the second industrial revolution, internal combustion engines and electric power were widely used in industrial production, and the development scale of coal and iron resources expanded rapidly. Some large-scale modern iron and steel industries, chemical industries and machinery manufacturing industries have emerged, forming a world-wide industrial zone, and industries are developing in the direction of large-scale and integration. Most industrial enterprises still belong to the "coal-iron composite" layout mode, and countries such as Japan, which lack raw materials, have emerged the "coastal" layout mode of establishing large-scale industrial joint enterprises in coastal areas. The industrial centers formed by the Second Industrial Revolution are: Ruhr-gebiet in Germany, industrial areas in the middle of Britain, industrial areas in the northeast of the United States, and industrial areas in the former Soviet Union centered on Moscow and Leningrad (Petersburg). In the third scientific and technological revolution, due to the emergence of EHV transmission technology and nuclear power technology, and the rise of electronic industry with less energy consumption, the industrial layout has further got rid of the limitations of energy and region. With the progress of science and technology, more natural resources have been discovered, effectively developed and comprehensively utilized. Many emerging industrial sectors (such as electronics and communication) consume little energy and material, and the main factors that determine the industrial layout are knowledge, technology, clean environment and high-speed traffic conditions, forming an "airport-oriented" industrial layout. The industrial centers formed by the third scientific and technological revolution are: Stanford Industrial Zone (Silicon Valley) in the southwestern United States, Kyushu Island (Silicon Island) in Japan, electronic industrial base in Scotland, England, and Munich Industrial Center in southern Germany. Cognitive inflation 1. By analyzing and comparing the similarities and differences of the three scientific and technological revolutions, the basic theoretical similarities are drawn: ① The three scientific and technological (industrial) revolutions are all valued by our government. (2) both cause great changes in social relations. The first industrial revolution led to the emergence of two opposing classes, the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat; The second industrial revolution led to the formation of monopoly capitalism, and state institutions began to combine with monopoly organizations; The third scientific and technological revolution has promoted the changes of social economic structure and social life structure, as well as the changes of human daily clothing, food, shelter, transportation and use. (3) It has a significant impact on the world pattern. In the first industrial revolution, the colonial expansion of the great powers led to the submission of the East to the West. The second industrial revolution formed the colonial system of world capitalism; The third scientific and technological revolution has promoted the adjustment of the international economic structure. (4) Economically, they have accelerated the development of the capitalist world economy. Differences: ① Both the first and second industrial revolutions had a relatively peaceful social environment; The third scientific and technological revolution began during World War II and continues to this day. (2) From the inventor's point of view, the first industrial revolution was that workers relied on their own experience and skills, and invention was a summary of production experience; The pioneers of the second industrial revolution and the third scientific and technological revolution were mostly scientists and engineers, and all kinds of inventions were made on the basis of accurate natural science research results. (3) As far as its birthplace is concerned, the first industrial revolution began in Britain, and it took about half a century to really develop in various countries. The second industrial revolution and the third scientific and technological revolution are multi-source. ④ From the breakthrough point of view, the first industrial revolution took light industry as the breakthrough point; The second industrial revolution took heavy industry as the breakthrough; The third scientific and technological revolution took the military industry as the breakthrough. Understanding: the consequences of three scientific and technological (industrial) revolutions show that the relations of production must adapt to the development of productive forces, and productive forces determine the relations of production; Science and technology are the primary productive forces; We should establish the strategic thought of rejuvenating the country through science and education.