What is the current situation of the 40,000 descendants of Turgut who were forced to stay in Russia after their return to the East?

2006-04-07 "Oriental Net" broke the news that Kirsan ilyumzhinov, the leader of kalmyk, one of the poorest countries in Russia, recently said that he planned to immigrate 1000 people from China to help revitalize his national language, culture, religion and declining animal husbandry. Because kalmyk is located on the Caspian Sea, it is the only region in Europe that believes in Buddhism and speaks Mongolian Huilat. As early as16th century, Kalmyk people left present-day Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, migrated westward in search of more fertile pastures, and finally settled in present-day kalmyk and China. Kalmyk and China are both descendants of the famous Turks who migrated from Turkey in our history textbooks. I collected some information about this. Let's also review the history of Turgut's return to the East.

At that time, some people migrated eastward and returned to the motherland, and some people stayed in the local area, which is now kalmyk and China. Kalmyk is what Europeans call the Eleut or Olot Mongols, that is, the Oyrat or Oirat, that is, the Woyila in the Yuan Dynasty and the Valla in the Ming Dynasty. The Turku Department originated from the historical Kriti Department, and its early history can be traced back to the Tartars with nine surnames in the eighth and ninth centuries. The ancestor of the Turhut Department was Weng Han. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/2nd century, Weng Han was the leader of the Keleti department. At that time, Mazhuang had a large population and a strong army, and was honored as "Khan" (the Great) among Mongolian ministries. At this time, Temujin lost his father in childhood, went through hardships and was in adversity. Because Weng Han is the "answer" that his biological father should have soon (half-brother) and has the relationship of "pro-obedience", he has become Temujin's most ideal protector and ally. In the fifth year of Song Qingyuan (1 19), when Temujin helped Weng Han repel the Naiman attack, they became father and son again in the Tuwu River, and established the relationship of "father and son and answer".

/kloc-in the 0/2nd century, the Turkic Hutu (Kaileti) nomadic in the northern part of the Mongolian Plateau. Since then, with the rise of Temujin tribe and the establishment and demise of Yuan Dynasty, the tribe gradually declined and nomadic to the west. It was at this stage that part of Crety was renamed Turkut. Turhuth belongs to the West Mongolia Group known as Wala (that is, Willat). /kloc-In the late 6th century, driven by the main system of Mongolia in the east, Weilate League moved its activity center from Mongolian Plateau to Tianshan North Road west of Altai Mountain, and then extended to Qinghai Grassland and Qincha Grassland. The Turkic Ministry was once stationed in the south of Mount Talbahatai. Because of its smallness and barrenness, it decided to move westward. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, it moved to the south of the western Siberian plain, and soon ventured into the Volga grassland to form a separate Turkic khanate, also known as the Kalmyk khanate in Russia. However, this place belongs to the sphere of influence of tsarist Russia. The tsar sent troops to harass them and forced them to swear allegiance to Russia. Mongolian herders in Turkut refused to swear allegiance and often clashed with Russia. In A.D. 1640, except Monan Mongolia, which was annexed by the Qing Dynasty, 28 leaders from Gurkha, Uighur and other ministries held the Talbahatai Alliance and formulated the famous Uighur Code, whose main stipulation was that the Mongolian people should unite and resist foreign enemies. Mongolian herdsmen in Turhut miss the motherland very much, and sent envoys to the Qing government many times to present local products, tell their sufferings and express their thoughts and loyalty.

In A.D. 17 12, the emissary of Turhut came to Beijing again. Emperor Kangxi warmly entertained the envoys from afar and rewarded their loyalty. Then, Emperor Kangxi sent a delegation to visit Turku via Siberia, Russia. Two years later, they arrived at the lower reaches of the Volga River, met their long-lost Mongolian compatriots, and conveyed the emperor's greetings to Ayuqi Khan, the leader of Turgut. The emissary of the Qing Dynasty was warmly welcomed by the herdsmen in Turhuth. They say that Mongolians and Manchu have the same roots, and their clothes and hats are almost the same as those of the people of the motherland. They are also children of the motherland.

In A.D. 1756, the leader of Turhut sent an envoy to Beijing for three years to pay tribute to Emperor Qianlong.

Turks constantly resisted the aggression and slavery of tsarist Russia. 1In the 1960s, they rose up in response to the Don peasant uprising led by the famous Russian peasant leader Racine. /kloc-At the end of 0/7th century, soldiers rose to support the Bashkir uprising.

1In the 1960s, Wabashi, the great-grandson of Ayuqi Khan, inherited the status of Khan. He was a man of strong pedigree. At that time, tsarist Russia was at war with Turkey and needed soldiers badly. Therefore, all men over the age of 16 in Tulhut were forced to join the Russian army and go to the front to die. At the same time, it weakened the strength of Turhuth, killing two birds with one stone. Some old people lamented: "The end of Turgut is coming." At this time, Russia forced Wabashi to hand over his son and 300 noble children as hostages. Angry Wo Baxi led all herders to shout: "We will never be slaves, we will go to the place where the sun rises!" "

On April 4th, A.D.177165438+10, Wobaxi summoned all warriors of the tribe and announced his departure from the rule of Catherine, the Queen of Russia. The next day, an anti-Tsar uprising that shocked the world broke out in the Turkic tribes. They killed Russian officials, packed tents and belongings, took women, old people and children with them, and divided into three ways, heading for the rising East.

Queen Catherine was furious when she learned that Mongolian herders in Turkut had rioted and wanted to leave the Russian border. She said, "This will make the Romanov family and the patron saint eagle wearing the crown of Peter the Great suffer eternal shame!" She ordered round after round to send a large number of troops to chase and intercept, in an attempt to enslave Turku herders in tsarist Russia forever.

Under the leadership of Warbasse Khan, Mongolian herders in Turhuth finally broke through the blockade of the Tsar's army and overcame the difficulties caused by bad weather. They walked for half a year, traveled to Wan Li and returned to Yili. However, they also paid a heavy price. Of the170,000 tribesmen who set out, only 70,000 returned to Yili safely, and most of them were killed by war, disease and hunger. The living people are haggard and ragged, and the children are sallow and emaciated and naked. Almost all the cattle, sheep and camels that they depended on for their livelihood have disappeared.

Emperor Qianlong knew that the Turks had arrived in Ili, and immediately sent officials to Ili to distribute condolences and disaster relief items and put them in the Ili River basin for grazing. People of all ethnic groups in Yili, Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Mongolia have raised more than 200,000 cattle and sheep, more than 40,000 rice and wheat, more than 50,000 fur coats, more than 60,000 pieces of cotton cloth and a large number of felt tents, and sent them to Yili for brothers and sisters from afar.

AD 177？ B style='color: black; Background color: # ff66ff'> What is this? Suck? B style='color: black; Background color: # ff66ff'> In this land, Emperor Qianlong received and hosted many leaders such as Wo Baxi in Mulan paddock and summer resort in Jehol (now Chengde, Hebei). Ganlong named Wabashi Zhuolike Tuhan and gave it the seal of Zasak to manage the south right banner of the old Turku Department. Gan Long also personally inscribed two inscriptions, "Duhufu Surrender" and "Duhufu's All Memories of Excellent Duhufu", which were engraved and erected in Zongcheng Temple in Putuo, Chengde as a permanent memorial.