Please introduce Yangzhou before the Tang Dynasty (including the Tang Dynasty)!

Yangzhou is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province. Located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The scenery is beautiful and the urban buildings are older. The total area of the city is 6653.8 1 km2, and the urban area is 9888 1 km2. The total population of the city is 4.5710.9 million, of which the urban population is11510.3 million.

In the history of China, Yangzhou had three heydays, the first was in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty; The second time was from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. The third time was in the "prosperous time of Kanggan" in the Qing Dynasty.

Yangzhou, as a geographical appellation, is recorded in Shangshu and other ancient books, and it is one of the Kyushu in China.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Han near Yangzhou City today. In 486 BC, Wu destroyed the Han dynasty, built Seoul, opened the Han ditch, and connected the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. This is the earliest city in Yangzhou today. The more you destroy Wu, the more you nourish the land: the more you destroy Chu, the more you nourish the land. In 3 19 BC, the state of Chu built a city on the site of Seoul, named Guangling. After Qin unified China, Guangling County was established, belonging to Jiujiang County. Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, now called Guangling and Jiangdu, has long been a vassal fief. Liu Ying, King of Wu, opened the Salt River (the predecessor of the Toarey Yang Canal), which promoted the economic development of Yangzhou and created the first prosperous period in Yangzhou history. In order to improve and consolidate ethnic relations, in the sixth year of Yuanfeng (BC 105), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Liu Xijun, the daughter of Jiangdu King, to Wusunguo, more than 80 years before Wang Zhaojun married Xiongnu. During the Three Kingdoms period, the wars between Wei and Wu continued, and Guangling was a military stronghold in the Jianghuai area. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Guangling suffered from repeated wars and was reduced to "Wuhu City" several times. However, due to the hard development of the working people for hundreds of years, the economic status has been continuously improved in the recovery. The Northern Zhou Dynasty changed Guangling to Wu Zhou. Immigrants from Qingzhou and Yanzhou in Shandong moved south to Guangling, which promoted the economic development of Yangzhou.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

Emperor Yang Di opened the North-South Grand Canal, built a mysterious building here, and died here in 6 18. During the Tang Dynasty, China's national strength reached its peak and Yangzhou reached its peak. It was once the most important port city in the Tang Dynasty, and it was also the gateway to foreign exchange. In Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, agriculture, commerce and handicrafts were quite developed, and a large number of workshops and manual workshops appeared. Not only is it "rich in the world" between Jianghuai and China, but it is also the largest metropolis in the southeast of China, sometimes called "Yang Yi Er" (Yizhou is now Chengdu). Yangzhou is the transportation center of grain, grass, salt, money and iron in the north and south, and it is an important port for domestic and international transportation. He used to be the governor's department, the governor's department and the Huainan department, and he was in charge of Huainan and Jiangbei. Yangzhou has always played a key role in land and water transportation centered on Chang 'an. As an important port for foreign traffic, Yangzhou has set up a special envoy to manage friendly exchanges with foreign countries. Yangzhou had frequent contact with big food in Tang Dynasty. There are thousands of big eaters in Yangzhou. China people such as Persia, Oita, Brahman, Kunlun, Silla, Japanese, and North Korea all became businessmen living in Yangzhou. Japan sent Tang Dynasty envoys to Yangzhou and monk Jian Zhen to Japan, which promoted the political, economic, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges between China and Japan. On the basis of absorbing predecessors' achievements, Shan Li, a native of Yangzhou, re-annotated the Selected Works and quoted a lot, which saved a lot of lost important documents for future generations. His son Li Yong is not only influential in writing and poetry, but also one of the great calligraphers after Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang. Zhang, a great poet, is one of the "four outstanding figures in Wuzhong", and only one poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" has the reputation of "the solitary poem overwhelming the whole Tang Dynasty". In 684, Xu Jingye and Robin opposed Wu Zetian's rule in Yangzhou. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, warlords scuffled and Yangzhou was seriously damaged. Yang Xingmi established political power in Yangzhou, known as "Yang Wu" in history, and the economy recovered briefly. Soon, it fell into the destruction of war.

Ming and Qing dynasties

Since Emperor 142 1 Yongle moved to Beijing, the ruling center of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was in Beijing for nearly 600 years, while the agricultural economic centers were in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi, and the grain and salt production accounted for most of the national output. As a result, China's political center and economic center are divided. Connecting China's political center and economic center are two waterways: the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Yangzhou is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. With this unique geographical advantage, Yangzhou's economy has developed into the core city of China's economy by virtue of the Grand Canal, the economic artery of China.

Although Dourgen rode south in the early Qing Dynasty, Shi Kefa was holed up in Yangzhou and was defeated. As a result, Yangzhou City suffered an unprecedented massacre, and it is said that all the people in the city were spared. The history is called "Yangzhou Ten Days" (the history records that the massacre period was actually five days). But the massacre did not weaken Yangzhou's strong position in the Qing Dynasty. Under the background of Kangxi's recuperation policy, Yangzhou developed again during the Kanggan period.

The representative industries of Yangzhou economy in Ming and Qing Dynasties are:

Grain transportation is mainly grain transportation, and the national tax of imperial grain in the grain-producing provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River must be transported to Beijing through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The tax revenue of Yangzhou banknote customs has been ranked among the top eight in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Salt is transported to the west, and the official salt produced by the largest saltworks in China (along the coast of northern Jiangsu) is transported and sold here, and then transported to Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan provinces in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River (the so-called four banks of the Yangtze River) for sale. There are salt transporters and a large number of salt merchants from Huaihe River to Huaihe River in the city. Wealthy salt merchants have built many exquisite gardens in the area under the Nanhe River in the new city and along the Slender West Lake in the northwest suburb. At that time, it was generally believed that "Suzhou wins in the market, Yangzhou wins in the garden, and Hangzhou wins in the lakes and mountains".

Finance, because Yangzhou is the largest official salt distribution center in China, a large number of salt merchants gather here, which promotes the development of Yangzhou Yinzhuang and helps salt merchants to invest in circulation. It is the largest financial center with the most concentrated capital in China and even East Asia, and its prosperity is comparable to that of Tokyo, London and Hongkong in the world today. The so-called "the wealth of the world." No better than Jiangsu and Zhejiang; Jiang province is rich and beautiful, and there is Mo Yang. "

Entertainment industry and service industry are the pillar industries in Yangzhou since Sui and Tang Dynasties. There are countless song and dance practitioners, high-class prostitutes, artists and painters, and Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics is one of them. Yangzhou, along with Beijing, Suzhou and Hangzhou in the north and south, is one of the most important cultural centers in China. The river between the old city and the new city has become a river specially used for tourism, which is called "Little Qinhuai". Famous traditional crafts such as Huaiyang cuisine, Yangzhou three knives and lacquerware.