What kind of influence did the Indonesian-British War have on the history of China?

The war between Nepal and Britain is called the Gurkha War. It refers to a war between Britain and Nepal in1814-1816. Britain has invested about 24,000-30,000 troops, and Nepal is about 1.2- 1.4 million. It lasted for a year and a half, and finally ended with the signing of the Sagori Treaty. From then on, Nepal became a British protectorate until the end of World War II. This is the general situation of the war, and it is probably the same on Baidu. I try to provide some content that Baidu doesn't have. In fact, this war is very important, which has affected the pattern of South Asia since then, affecting both Britain and China. Nepal was a vassal state of China at that time, and the Qing Dynasty didn't help. This is a very regrettable thing. First, let's talk about the background of the war. Nepal is an ancient country with a history of two thousand years. People are made up of Mongols in the north and Aryans in the south. Never ruled by China or Indian in history, it has always been an independent country. Even during the British occupation of India, this independence was actually related to the terrain. Is a mountainous country, the territory is basically distributed in the southern foothills of the Himalayas. To understand the history of the war between Nepal and Gurkha, we must start from this terrain. If you like friends of Japan's Warring States history, you can compare Nepal to Japan during the Warring States period. Japan is also mountainous, and it is difficult to establish centralization. So is Nepal. Historically, Nepal's dynasties all referred to the regime in Kathmandu Valley. This regime can only be the leader of a vassal.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, Britain invaded India. The Mughal Empire at that time had fallen apart.

This is a map of British expansion. The British set out from Bangladesh, and their base camp was Calcutta. At that time, the East India Company conquered many indigenous states near Bangladesh. But the strength is not very strong. The South has a powerful marat League, which is its number one enemy. The British are fighting it. Nepal was also divided at that time. The regime in Kathmandu is divided into three parts. So in the west of Kathmandu, an independent Gurkha kingdom began to March into Kathmandu. Gurkhas are Khrushchev caste who immigrated from India in the Middle Ages. At that time, the king who marched into Kathmandu claimed to be the Moon Royal Family and was named Prithvi narayan Shah.

This is his standard image. He was later called the father of Nepal. He marched into Kathmandu because he saw that many Indian states had been destroyed by Britain, and Nepal had to be unified to avoid extinction. He is like Nobunobu of Japan during the Warring States Period. He has a better understanding of the outside world, courage and resourcefulness.

Through a series of wars and diplomatic means, Kathmandu was occupied in 1768, and the Shah dynasty was established. Unfortunately, he died before he conquered western Nepal. When he entered Kathmandu, the then Nepalese government sought help from the East India Company. However, the troops of the East India Company were completely annihilated halfway because of acclimatization and Gurkha ambush. This is the first time the two sides have met. There are 2400 British troops. However, Prithvi is realistic and still tries to maintain the policy of non-aggression with Britain and concentrate on developing itself. He has a famous saying that Nepal is a sweet potato sandwiched between two big stones. Neutral diplomacy must be maintained. However, his son is short-lived. After his death, his eldest grandson succeeded to the throne and his uncle Wang was regent. The Regent unified Nepal, but when the new king grew up, he began to run amok. Nepal began to expand everywhere. First, it invaded Tibet twice. The result was defeated by Gan Long. So he paid tribute to China. Then I felt that I had the backing of China and started to develop in India. So there was a head-on conflict with the East India Company in the south. Because Nepal is mountainous, there is a plain in southern Nepal called Wright Plain. At that time, the border between Nepal and Britain had not been demarcated. Nepal continues to go south. Britain has always wanted to conquer Nepal. I just want to wait until marat is eliminated. The purpose of Britain's coming to South Asia is actually to make money. After the industrial revolution, British textiles were sold all over the world. He hopes to find a raw material base in India and then open the market in China. This time is the Jiaqing period. Britain has been trying to find a breakthrough in Tibet since Maagel failed to seek trade in Beijing during the Qianlong period. To enter Tibet, Nepal must be conquered. Just like the Nepalese going south, the British decided to solve Nepal first and then conquer the Marathi Alliance to go south. Thus, in June of181411,Hastings, the governor of British Bangladesh, officially declared war on Nepal.

I am Hastings.

Nepal's coach is the first Bim Sentapa.

As mentioned earlier, Nepal was a feudal era of enfeoffment, and Prithvi tried to establish centralization, but it failed. In the local area, it is a vassal who lives in a castle. Many forts have been built on the mountain. In fact, such a country is more difficult to conquer than a centralized country. So the British army concentrated twice as many troops as the Nigerian army, and they were all modern weapons.

This is the British Red Shirt Army.

Gurkha warrior

It can be seen that Gurkha warriors, like Japanese warriors, also carry two knives. However, the Japanese samurai's short knife is used to cut the abdomen, while Gurkha's short knife is a deadly weapon, called Gurkha knife. It is said that you must see blood when you pull it out. Of course, Nepalis still have a small number of muskets and cannons. It's called Yatkan. Although the British are fully prepared. But it still underestimates mountain combat. British soldiers divided into five roads, attacking Nepal from east, west and south. But the first battle was defeated in a place called Calanga. 600 Gurkhas defeated 4,000 British troops led by Major General Gith. Chance was killed.

This is the scene described at that time. The picture is said to be the commander of the Nigerian army, Conwad. In the middle of 18 15, there was a famous British soldier named orcutt Ronnie.

He began to recruit non-Gurkha Nepalese warriors to join the British army and deal with Nepalese in Nepali. Start winning some victories. The situation gradually turned against Nepal, so Nepal kept asking for help from the Qing Dynasty. But Emperor Jiaqing rejected Nepal's request. I think it's better not to get involved in the dispute between Yi and Di. Nepal's five requests for help were rejected, so it began to seek negotiations with Britain.

The British put forward the requirements of ceding land for compensation trade and mastering Nepal's diplomatic rights. After talking for several months, Nepal refused. So the British army began a large-scale attack again, only 80 kilometers away from Kathmandu. Therefore, Nepal was forced to sign the Sagori Treaty and make peace with Britain. In fact, Britain is committed to peace. There are three main reasons. First, the difficulty of the Gurkha war greatly exceeded his imagination. There is little information about this war now. According to some diplomatic documents at that time, the Nepalese lost thousands of people, but the British lost more than 8,000. If we hit Kathmandu, the war will turn into guerrilla warfare, and the British army may give up all its efforts. Secondly, the British know that Nepal is already a dependent country of China, and he doesn't want to destroy the relationship with China for the time being. Thirdly, at that time, Emperor Jiaqing sent Sai Chong 'a, a famous soldier in Qianlong period, to guard the border, but Sai Chong 'a made a request for mediation to Nepal and Britain without authorization, demanding a truce between the two countries. The British were afraid of interference from the Qing Dynasty.

This is the scene when the contract is signed.

According to the contract, Nepal withdrew from the plain area and ceded nearly one-third of its territory. The diagonal line in the picture is the sphere of influence of Britain. White is the present territory, and the east and west are ceded territories. Finally, talk about the consequences of the war. After the defeat, Nepal actually became a British protectorate. No westerner except the British is allowed to enter Nepal. But Nepal is not reconciled. First, Binsentapa began the modernization reform in Nepal. Secretly contact the French to establish a modern military industry. And began some political reforms. Tapa family is a big family in Nepal, and Bim's behavior mainly depends on his own family. The British took advantage of the internal contradictions in Nepal to let another family, the Pande family, stage a coup to replace Bimson. Later, the Pande family was disobedient and incited the Rana family to launch a coup, bloodbath the court and establish a general regime. Until 195 1 year. After more than a hundred years, it was called the Rana family dictatorship period. After more than a hundred years, it was called the Rana family dictatorship period. During this period, the Rana family only did two things. One is to plunder people's wealth and then deposit it in Swiss banks. The second is to provide Gurkha mercenaries for Britain. Another consequence of the Gurkha War was that the British discovered the fighting capacity of the Gurkhas and began to form the Gurkha Legion. This regiment later became the backbone of the British troops stationed in India. He made great contributions to suppressing the Indian national uprising. Later, he performed very well in World War I and World War II and was called the strongest mercenary in the world. I think of koirala, who is still prime minister at the age of 90. Of course, another consequence is that the British opened the road to China and Tibet. Decades later, Tibet became the sphere of influence of Britain.

This is the ruler of the first generation Rana family, Brother Zhong. Binsong, the first commander of the Gurkha War, was later honored as a national hero and died in prison after the coup. Later generations built a Binson Tower in memory of him, which is a landmark of Kathmandu.