In the late Qing Dynasty, why did there occur high-frequency and high-intensity fights between locals and tourists?

The struggle between the natives in the south of China, especially in the southeast, reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty, such as the struggle between the fourth year of Xianfeng and the sixth year of Tongzhi, which lasted for 13 years and spread to 17 county. The two sides even formed a training bureau to recruit soldiers, accuse each other of being bandits, burn and rob each other, and the destructive power and tragic degree of fighting is even comparable to that of war.

Literally, we can also understand that the struggle between local aborigines and Hakkas refers to large-scale violence. The aborigines understand it well, that is, the local residents whose ancestors lived here. Hakka refers to the Han immigrants who migrated south in China. Hakka is not the concept of clan and country, but the concept of culture, and Hakka is also one of the ethnic groups of Han nationality.

Why is there such a high-frequency and high-intensity fight between locals and tourists in the late Qing Dynasty? The first and most fundamental reason is the competition for resources. During the Qing Dynasty, the population of China began to grow rapidly. More and more teeth? In the early years of Qianlong, the population of China was 65.438+0.5 billion, but by the time the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement broke out, the population had reached 400 million. The population has nearly tripled, but there was no corresponding increase in resources and productivity in China at that time. In this case, resources are bound to be tight, and in order to compete for limited resources, conflicts between Hakka and aborigines, which are already tense, are inevitable.

According to the statistics in the book "A Study on Cases of Social Crowding at the Grassroots Level in Qing Dynasty", among the 109 cases of fighting between local people, 8 1 cases are directly related to the competition for economic benefits, that is, resources, accounting for 80% of the fighting cases.

The second reason is the influence of the government, that is, the imperial reclamation policy. After the Qing dynasty occupied the world, in order to restore productivity, many policies were promulgated to encourage land reclamation, and large-scale immigration to poor areas began, such as the famous Huguang filling Sichuan, which is the most famous case.

The government's policy of encouraging reclamation has also led to the reclamation and utilization of a large number of abandoned land, mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas, hills and beaches, thus doubling the large population. But at the same time, reclamation without clear ownership has also brought new problems.

Because the rights and responsibilities of these newly reclaimed land are unclear and have not been reported to the official for investigation and measurement, there is a fierce contradiction between the owner of the original land and the Hakka people who reclaimed the land. At the same time, because of the unprecedented land reclamation, a large number of land hidden by the people have also been exposed, which has become a new source of contradictions.

Moreover, because most of the land reclamation is family-based, the reclaimed land is in a finely dispersed situation. This has caused the current situation that irrigation water system needs to cross cultivated land with different ownership, and there is nothing to do in good years. Once there are disaster years and dry years, these irrigation water systems will become the source of contradictions in order to compete for water resources.

Third, it is an unavoidable problem of clan power. In Fujian, Guangdong and other regions, clan is an unavoidable problem. Local aborigines and Hakkas have formed clans of all sizes. These clan groups linked by blood relationship have very strong cohesion.

Since the Ming dynasty, whether pirates, bandits or sea-moving, clans have embraced each other to keep warm, which also has the function of military defense. Therefore, these clans generally have relatively strong military capabilities. Moreover, clans in these areas generally have huge clan property. When fighting, the natives used clan property as a fee to help the dead and help the disabled, which further relieved the worries of the people involved in the war and made the battle more intense.

Fourth, there are other reasons, such as the dispute over the number of imperial examinations, the fierce quarrel, the conflict caused by crime and so on.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the situation in the southeast coast was very chaotic, and various forces took turns to go into battle. Pirates, bandits, underworld uprisings, the Second Opium War, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the corruption of court officials, the impact of western culture and many other issues have come together, making the local situation extremely chaotic. In this chaotic situation, the struggle between locals and outsiders has further intensified, which eventually led to an unprecedented struggle between locals and outsiders.