Shishou Nanyue's Taoist View

Nanyue is located in the center of Shishou, with an east-west trend, with the highest elevation of 14 1? 7 meters. Nanyue was originally named Longgaishan. According to legend, "there is a dragon cave beside the mountain." In the past, dragons appeared on it, and as soon as the dragons came out, the mountains were shrouded in fog, so it was named Longgai Mountain. In ancient times, there was the praise of "Three Han Dynasties, Pingyang next to it, Jingjiang on the left and Dongting on the right" to describe the unique geographical location of Nanyue. Nanyue is famous for Taoism, and it is also enhanced by the grandeur of palace buildings, making it a famous Taoist mountain in southern Hubei and Dongting Lake area, known as "Little Nanyue" and "Little Wudang".

Taoism has been in Shishou for nearly 1700 years. Before Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, there was an abbot in charge who lived in Xiutianguan (later in ruins). Taoism in the past dynasties took Nanyue in the city as the main activity place. Since the Han Dynasty, Nanyue has been known as one of the Taoist blessed places in Jianghan and Dongting Lake Plain. During the Han Dynasty, there were five hexagonal pavilions dedicated to many statues of gold, copper, pig iron, wood and sometimes incense. During the Three Kingdoms period, the people suffered from the war, hoping for a god who would uphold justice, promote righteousness and eliminate pests, so they built the Nanyue Temple to worship the ancestors of Nanyue, and transformed the hexagonal pavilion into a grand seven-woman palace. As far back as the Tang and Five Dynasties, Li Weiguo Public Temple was built on the south side of Nanyue Temple to commemorate that Tang Lijing chose filial piety to live in Jiangling at this time, caring for the sufferings of the masses, which attracted admiration from far and near. After "building a shrine to sacrifice morality", many myths that met the wishes of the people were produced and widely circulated. Tongzhi Bingyin's Records of Shishou County contains: The public tastes shooting Shanning, and the family of Zhu Yi is staying at home. In the middle of the night, a woman suddenly called the palace and said, "This Dragon Palace is also here. It's raining heavily, and my two sons are not here. I want to trouble Gong and his party ... ". Since then, whenever there is a drought, local people will go to Li Weiguo Temple to beg for rain. The same book also contains: there are stone mounds beside the mountain, which are handed down as dragon caves. There used to be a dragon on it, so it was named Longgaishan. When it rains on a sunny day, farmers grow food and often occupy nothing. It is a mountain or a shrine, and it is also designed for praying for rain. Because of this, incense flourished until the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

When Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne, he was born in Buddhism, so he allowed Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to spread, so as to adjust people's hearts and stabilize the political power. Later, in order to eliminate the influence of public opinion, Ming Taizu Judy preached "the unity of heaven and man" and "the divine right of monarchy" and tried her best to safeguard her public opinion, so she built a Taoist temple in Wudang Mountain and erected a monument for herself. Taoist priests in Shishou Nanyue also took this opportunity to expand the palace building, transforming the Seven Women's Palace into the Jade Emperor Building, adding Zhenwu Temple, Leizu Hall, Lingguan Hall, Zijin Hall and Nantianmen. From the foot of Nanyue Mountain to the top of the mountain, Guandi Temple, Yitiangong, Ertiangong and Kuiwenge (commonly known as Santiangong) were built in turn every half mile. It was the heyday of Taoist activities in Nanyue. All buildings, temples, shrines and pavilions are crowned with arches and painted with dragons and phoenixes, which are quite imposing. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, some people worshipped Buddha, and the incense on Nanyue Mountain was a little cold. From the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, temples, pavilions, pavilions and altars were still built from time to time at the foot of Nanyue Mountain. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zeng Keqian (Tai Shigong) built a Ciyun Temple at the northern foot of the mountain and a pavilion behind Kuiwen Pavilion. When these temples, pavilions, pavilions and altars were completed, many famous writers wrote inscriptions. Yuan Hongdao (Zhengke) of the Public Security Bureau said, "Shishou road is slippery". Shu (Taishi) wrote the inscription "Yun 'an": "The flowers are solemn". There is a cloud in Wang Yuyao Shouren's Seven Laws of "Sitting Alone in Longtan": "Where to spend Ye Xiang, the stone forest hut is separated from the stream. Everyone who is lonely is out of the moon, and birds and mountains are singing when it is empty. The grass is wet, and the breeze is lighter than Ge Yi. Liu Lin wrote alone, and Jiangbei Jiangnan is infinite. " The anonymous pavilion of tourists said to Lianyun: "Help the short, strengthen the tour of famous mountains, there are dedicated people on the top, Pyongyang on the bottom, Jingjiang on the left, Dongting on the right, and the two lakes are lined with clocks and lanterns; Overlooking the world with a dangerous pavilion, there is a gorge in the east, a Wuxia gorge in the west, Xiaoxiang in the south, a secluded rock in the north and three Chuxiong, with grand planning. "These masterpieces made a name for themselves. Li Lianggong, a stone man in the Qing Dynasty, returned from overseas as an official and built an ordinary temple at the foot of Wenfeng Mountain, and renamed prajna temple (built in Ming Shenzong) on the right side of the ordinary temple "Jinglian Temple" as "Li Family Temple". During the Qianlong period, Huayan Temple and Zhunti Temple were built at the foot of Nanyue Mountain.

Things have changed dramatically, and Taoism has experienced several ups and downs. From the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, Taoism in Nanyue gradually declined. Xianfeng four years (AD 1854). It is said that Chinese in Pakistan "made an insurrection" and burned all the Heavenly Palace and Ertian Palace, extending to Kuiwen Pavilion, but the statue was spared and sent to Sanyi Temple in Dongyue Mountain. Later, Taoist Chen Changjing repaired the damaged temple and welcomed the statue back. Soon, Shi Dakai, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, left because of the infighting in Tianjing. When joining forces with Jiangling and passing through Shishou, they fought with Qing soldiers many times, resulting in military disasters in most temples. Only Nanyue Temple at the top of the mountain and the statues of Nanyue Zu, Leizu, Four Heavenly Kings and Huangcheng Land enshrined in the temple are left. Li Zonglian, a descendant, said in a poem: "The dragon has gone by cloud, leaving a shadow in the air, and sometimes the skin is close, but it is still rain." At this time, although the temples and palaces were destroyed and pilgrims were scarce, there were still more than 300 acres of public land on the temples, and the income could support many people's lives.

In the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1938), Chu Rubin, the adjutant of a division of the Kuomintang, abandoned Ge and went to Nanyue Mountain in Shishou to preside over the Taoist altar. This man is rich in literary accomplishment and has made friends with famous poets, so for a time, chanting became popular in society. From time to time, Mr. Chen Youfa, embroidering, visited this place and was tied up. The book is presented as "A cold star lifts the Beidou in September, and a spring rain reads Jiangnan". Another couplet friend presented a pair of couplets "Zhang Yihe at the bottom of the donkey box, the former Ge Zhichuan in Shuang Yan". Chu saw it and praised it. According to the cloud, when Chu Rubin was in charge of Nanyue Road Administration, he collected and sorted out nearly 2,000 tourist poems, with about 1000 couplets, bound into a book and presented them to people from all walks of life. Unfortunately, they have been lost.

On the eve of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Tang Mingde, a native of Yiyang, Hunan Province, was sent to Shishou by the head of Guanhou, Changchun, Wuchang to preside over Nanyue religious affairs. This man was born in the army and served as the commander of the Kuomintang army. After Tang Mingde arrived in Shishou, he mediated the contradiction between Buddhism and Taoism for the turf.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Japanese invaders invaded China, which made the ethnic contradiction between China and Japan the main contradiction. China formed an anti-Japanese national united front to deal with the enemies with the same party, and Taoist priests from Nanyue also took part in the war of resistance and made contributions. 1943, 12 In February, the Japanese invaders attacked the Jiangbei area of Shishou, and Jiangbei fell. On March 8 of the same year, the Japanese army crossed the river to the south, and Shishou County, ouchi, Hengdicheng and Diaoguan successively fell. The Japanese army set up a general stronghold in Shishou Embroidered Forest, and the military zone set up in the county town occupied most of the county town. On the morning of July 1944 and 15, a spy chief in the ninth occupied area of the Kuomintang, under the cover of the abbot of Nanyue, Cai Zhidao and Daozhong (there were Tang Mingde, Zhou, Tian, Yan, Zhao, Chu, Shen and Guo at that time), disguised as a Taoist priest and hid in Nanyue Mountain to spy on the Japanese army. The acting leader found through the telescope that a Japanese motorboat was transporting Japanese officers and soldiers in the civilized hotel in the city, so he sent a telegram back to the Kuomintang-controlled area. Then came two batches of 11 Kuomintang planes, which blew the Civilization Hotel in half, causing a large number of casualties among Japanese officers and soldiers and mules and horses. After this incident was discovered by the Japanese army, they expelled all Taoist priests from the mountain, some Taoist priests were tortured and disabled, and almost all temples were burned down. There is only one statue of the founder of Nanyue Temple, the others are empty, and Taoist priests are scattered everywhere. 1945 after the Japanese surrendered, some disciples returned one after another. In the twelfth lunar month, Li, the 25th disciple of Longmen in Quanzhen Road, moved Kannonji from Tuanshan Temple to Jieshankou, built two three-story tile houses on the old platform, which contained the shrine of Guanyin, and lived with Taoist disciples in Nanyue Mountain until the founding of New China.

When New China was founded, there were only more than ten people on Nanyue Mountain Road, including Wang Zhijia (also known as Wang Zhide), Dong, Peng Liyuan and Su Guitang, with Wang Zhijia as the master. Most of these people died in succession around the 1960s, and those who were still alive left their hometown. During the land reform movement, various religious activities stopped, but the masses still spontaneously burned incense and paper to worship Bodhisattva. During the period of 1957, it was widely rumored that leprosy patients were infected in the ruins of Nanyue Temple. People at the foot of the mountain ran up the mountain and burned kerosene on the only remaining empty temple ruins and statues. The top of Nanyue Mountain was in ruins. During the Cultural Revolution, a radar unit of the PLA Air Force was stationed in Shishou, and they built several cave-style prefabricated roof barracks on this ruin. In the early 1980s, Radar Company moved from Nanyue to Xinchang Town. As a result, the Taoist priests who used to be scattered in the society came up the mountain again, lived in several cave-like houses left by Lei Dalian, and were provided with homemade gods.

1958, Wang Zhijia, the "master" of Nanyue, died of illness and was taught by Tang Mingde (Yiyang). Later, Li became a master and lived in a hut on the street. /kloc-in the spring of 0/985, Li died of illness, leaving more than ten disciples, including Wang Chongbai, Hu, Zhang Chonggui, Wu Chongxin and Guo Chongxi, presided over by Kundao Zhang Chonggui, Wu Chongxin and Guo Chongxi temporarily. The three of them lived in the hut left by Li, burning incense and worshipping God, practicing monasticism and chanting scriptures, and believers often came to burn incense and offer sacrifices. In this way, since 1985, Shishou Taoism has had two spontaneous temporary activities: Jieshouguan and Nanyue Mountain. However, although these two places are divided into two places in form and each has its own life, they are integrated in financial and road affairs. 1March, 985, these two activity points * * * and Cheng Lijing, a Taoist professional who spontaneously recommended to visit relatives from Baiyunguan in Beijing, became the general manager (in charge), responsible for handling Taoist affairs in Nanyue Mountain.

Cheng Lijing, male, born in Sutianhu Village, Shishou City (now Sutianhu Village, Lin Xiu Office), was born in May 1930, with a junior high school education. 1943 became a monk in Nanyue, Shishou, and took Wang Zhijia as his teacher. He lived in Nanyue Ancestral Hall until 1958, belonging to the 22nd Longmen Sect of Quanzhen Taoism. He loved Taoism since he was a child, followed the rules of Quanzhen religion, and never got married. I have visited Wudang Mountain, Wuchang Changchun Temple, Jingzhou Taihui Temple and Beijing Baiyun Temple. 198 1 year went to Wudang Mountain to take refuge in abbot Mao Shunfa, and was taken in Zixiaotang for monasticism. 1982 During the meeting of the Chinese Taoist Association in Wudang Mountain in May, Cheng Lijing met Li Yuhang, president of the Chinese Taoist Association, and went to Beijing Baiyun Temple on February 9, 1983. Later, he was appointed as the owner of the Eight Immortals Pavilion and Lv Zu Pavilion to receive tourists from home and abroad.

Before the opening of Taoism in Nanyue Mountain, all the temples were desolate, overgrown with weeds and scattered with old bricks and tiles. Some devout Taoists use radar troops to guard the remaining caves, set up temporary incense sticks, worship gods and set up altars to give lectures. Since the 1960s, the Party and the government have called for afforestation in Nanyue to beautify the environment and turn the barren hills green. At this time, many religious people spontaneously gathered in Nanyue, eagerly looking forward to reappearing the glory of Nanyue Taoist temple history.

From 65438 to 0989, the municipal party committee and municipal government conscientiously implemented the party's policy of freedom of religious belief, actively guided it, started Taoism from the religious history and reality of Shishou, and included Nanyue Mountain as a Taoist tourist line in the overall urban planning, covering an area of 3,000 square meters, which created favorable conditions for the construction of Nanyue Mountain Temple.

In the same year, Shishou Taoist Association was approved to be established, and a leading group with Cheng Lijing as its president was elected. Since then, Nanyue Taoism has its own religious organization.

The Taoist Association leads all Taoists to make monasteries their homes, make self-reliance and hard struggle, make use of all available barren hills and slopes, reclaim land for weeding, move stones and fill soil, grow melons and vegetables, live a very poor life and save all expenses for building monasteries.

Nanyue Mountain Ancestral Temple officially started construction in 1989, and was officially opened to the public after its completion in 1992. The ancestral hall is planned and designed according to the style of Ming Dynasty, with cornices and arches, carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and golden glazed tiles reflecting the sun and the moon. The momentum is very magnificent, surpassing history and creating greater glories. CCTV news programs also made a special report on this. Nanyue Temple in history is located at the top of Nanyue Mountain. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism built pavilions here. During the Three Kingdoms period, the pavilion was converted into Nanyue Hall and Seven Women's Palace. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Weiguo Public Temple was added; Zhenwu Temple, Leizu Temple, Lingguan Hall, Zijin Hall and Nantianmen were added in Ming Dynasty. Therefore, five pavilions were built. Bells and drums rang in the Lingguan Hall, and the statue of the worse gate was full. The statue of the ancestor of Dragon Riding in the ancestral hall is 3 meters high and 2 meters wide. It looks solemn and dignified and is admired by the world. The restored ancestral temple is an antique pavilion with reinforced concrete structure, with five rest hills, two-story double eaves and a bucket arch structure. There are 12 exquisite cloisters, surrounded by red catalpa pillars, and the top of the hall is 2 1 m high. The roof of the hall is covered with yellow glazed tiles, and the ridge of the hall is decorated with Feng Ming and Phoenix Dance. There is a dragon painted on the eaves of the temple, and a "Ancestral Temple" inscribed by Feng Chuanzong of the the State Council Municipal Bureau of Religious Affairs hangs on the lower eaves in imitation of a golden bell. The temple is dedicated to Zhenwu, the King of South Vietnam and other gods. A pair of large stone lions displayed in front of the temple were presented by Hou Baoyuan of Hong Kong.

The ancestral temple is simple and elegant, with antique windows, golden dragon coiled columns, cornices and the roof of the corner. The founder of Zhenwu sat in the center of the hall, his whole body was golden. In the furnace, Buddha incense is curling, bells are melodious, and the two lions are magnificent. The courtyard is colorful, and the outside of the wall is green. Stars in sunny days, foggy feet in rainy days. Looking around, the Yangtze River is surging and the land is vast. You can have a panoramic view of the lakes and mountains. If you are in a hurry, it looks like Penglai Fairy Mountain and Jade Palace. "Since ancient times, famous mountains and monks have occupied it, and Nanyue has Wudang." People rushed to burn incense and paper, praying for the safety of the country and people. Ertian Palace was built in the third year of Wuqiniao (AD 240) and the fourth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1854). The Ba people made an insurrection and burned it. 1998, Ertiangong was rebuilt in the ancestral land, covering an area of 1500 square meters and a building area of 1000 square meters. Built on a steep hillside, the stairs are 6 meters wide and 4 meters wide, the platform is 7×4 dingshi, the railing is Mopan Ganglou, and the main hall 1 is 2 compartments, which is called Sanyuan Palace and the whole palace. The Taoist temple is clean and tidy, with distinct steps, pavilions in the building, pavilions in the pavilion, golden statues in the temple and fragrant orchids in the courtyard. It is like a fairyland on earth, unforgettable and pleasing to the eye, and it is the second largest Taoist landscape in Nanyue.

After the completion of Sanyuan Palace, the city Taoist Association successively restored and rebuilt Nanyue Mountain Gate and Yitian Palace in accordance with the overall plan. Today, the main temple buildings, such as Shanmen, Tiangong, Sanyuan Palace and Ancestral Hall, formed according to the mountain situation not only reproduce the glory of that year, but also inject new religious and cultural connotations into the new historical conditions, making them more historical and modern.