What are the advantages of Vietnam's economic development?

Since 1986 implemented the reform and opening-up policy, Vietnam has been regarded as a "blessed land" for foreign investors, and capital from China, Taiwan Province Province, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States and Europe have poured in, setting off waves of investment booms. Why do foreign investors favor Vietnam so much? It can be seen from the following three aspects:

First of all, natural resources are abundant. 13 of Vietnam's territory is cultivated land, which is suitable for developing agricultural production and export-oriented agriculture; Vietnam is also rich in tropical rainforest resources with a vegetation coverage rate of 43.8%; Vietnam is rich in mineral resources. Up to now, there are more than 2,000 mines with more than 90 kinds in China, including 120 kinds of mines and 30 kinds of minerals, mainly including oil, natural gas, coal and various metallic and nonmetallic products. Vietnam has a long coastline and rich and diverse aquatic potential.

Secondly, human resources are abundant and cheap. Vietnam's national population (2006) was 8,465,438+million, with urban population accounting for 26.2% and rural population accounting for 73.8%, two thirds of which were born after the war (1.975). In the 1980s and 1990s, most manual workers earned only $ 30-50 a month. In recent years, the Vietnamese government has repeatedly raised the minimum wage for workers, but it is still around 60- 100, making it the cheapest labor force in Southeast Asia. Because the Vietnamese government has always attached importance to popularizing primary and secondary education, Vietnamese workers are the cheapest in Southeast Asia, but their cultural and technical qualities are relatively high.

Third, the political and legal environment is stable and good. Vietnam has a one-party system led by the Productive Party, which has a democratic tradition and atmosphere. * * The production party has established a high prestige in the long revolutionary war, and the legitimacy foundation of the regime is very solid. Although some western forces also tried to promote the "orange revolution" in Vietnam, they did not win the support of the people. The Vietnamese party and government also attach great importance to improving the legal system and emphasizing the rule of law. The new party constitution adopted by the 10th Congress of the Vietnamese Production Party emphasized the need to correctly handle the relationship between the Party's leadership and law and people's democracy, and "update the Party's leadership style, especially the Party's leadership style over the country. The way of leadership should be institutionalized and embodied in the Constitution and laws. " The party operates within the framework of the Constitution and laws. Respect and give full play to the people's right to be masters of their own affairs and accept their supervision. In the process of innovation, the Vietnamese party and government pay special attention to the construction of the legal system. Since the establishment of 1946 People's Republic of China (PRC), the Vietnamese National Assembly has passed 77 laws, more than half of which were newly promulgated by 1986-2007, and more than 20 laws have been revised many times. For example, the Foreign Investment Law has been revised and supplemented successively with 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996 and 2000, thus establishing a sound legal system. In view of the increasingly rampant official corruption in recent years, the Vietnamese party and government have stepped up their efforts to crack down and prevent it. According to statistics, from 200 1 to 2006, the Vietnamese Communist Party punished more than 40,000 party member in the form of condemnation, warning, dismissal and court trial. Among the punished party member, 1 18 is a leading cadre who has held important positions in the leading institutions managed by the Political Bureau or the Secretariat, including the deputy secretary of the Central Secretariat, with the rank of.

Everything is divided into two parts, and the favorable factors in the above-mentioned investment environment in Vietnam will also change under certain conditions, which may change from favorable factors to unfavorable factors. For example, it is precisely because of Vietnam's good investment environment that it attracts a lot of foreign investment, thus forming a more intense competition situation. As mentioned above, there are as many as 80 countries and regions with foreign investment in Vietnam. The former 10 foreign investment countries (regions) include China, Taiwan Province Province, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, China, China, Hong Kong, British Virgin Islands, France, Netherlands, Malaysia and Thailand. These foreign businessmen have invested and set up factories in Vietnam for a long time, forming a relatively complete production and sales network and occupying a favorable position in the competition. For example, in the early days, they rented a large area of factory land at a very low price, established a good relationship with the local government of Vietnam, and were familiar with the local customs of Vietnam.

The serious lag of infrastructure is also a problem that must be paid attention to. The author and scholars who have visited Vietnam have come to the same conclusion, that is, an important feature of the Vietnamese government's national income distribution policy is "storing wealth for the people". The people are relatively rich and private houses are beautiful, but the government's annual budget cannot make ends meet, the fiscal deficit accounts for about 5% of GDP, and the government has no financial resources to engage in large-scale infrastructure construction. For example, Pingyang Industrial Zone around Ho Chi Minh City has poor traffic roads. Taiwanese businessmen who invest in the local area say that in order to build infrastructure such as roads, manufacturers usually pay half the money and local governments pay half the money. In addition, Vietnam's geographical location and conditions have also caused the inconvenience of north-south traffic. Vietnam's territory stretches from north to south 1600 kilometers, like the elongated Latin letter s, with wide north and south ends and narrow middle. In addition, the topography of Vietnam is high in the west and low in the east, which determines that most of its rivers flow from west to east. Therefore, it has brought many obstacles to the construction of north-south land transportation. There is no expressway in Vietnam so far, and the railway is still a narrow-gauge railway built in the French colonial era, which is very slow. In addition, the problem of power shortage in Vietnam has not been fundamentally solved. Power outages are common in large and medium-sized cities, and many villages have no access and electricity. In addition, there are still some unsatisfactory places in the soft environment, such as bureaucracy and corruption at all levels of government.

At present, when investing in Vietnam, we must also pay attention to the following issues:

First of all, according to Vietnam's national development strategy, determine the focus and direction of enterprise investment.

The focus of Vietnam's future 10 development strategy is to accelerate the pace of industrialization and modernization, especially to "encourage the development of high-tech industries, manufacturing industries, software industries and other subsidized industries with great competitive advantages, more export products and more labor absorption; Developing open economic zones and special economic zones; Encourage various economic sectors to participate in the development of daily-use products and export products, and create favorable conditions; Important means of production in the direction of production modernization; Give priority to attracting investment from economic groups and multinational companies; As soon as possible, attract domestic and foreign funds to invest in important projects such as refining, petrochemical, smelting, machinery manufacturing, fertilizer, building materials and infrastructure construction. " According to the five-year development plan for 2006-20 10 announced by the Vietnamese government, the following five areas will be the focus of encouraging investment: First, the electronics industry and high-tech investment projects. It is planned to build a factory to produce electronic medical equipment in Hanoi. Foreign investors are welcome to invest in information, biochemistry, new materials, microelectronics, automation and optical technology in Lehe High-tech Industrial Zone and Ho Chi Minh High-tech Industrial Zone. The second is the oil refining and chemical project. It is planned to build an oil refinery with an annual output of 7 million tons in Yishan County, Tsinghua Province, and petrochemical enterprises in Toudun and Tsinghua. Third, the power industry, plans to attract investment to build five thermal power plants and 1 transformer plants; Fourth, the manufacturing industry, including attracting investment to build automobile engines and parts factories, shipyards and tractor factories. Fifth, infrastructure construction. The main projects include: the construction of a 78-kilometer railway from Bianhe Province to Dutong Province, a 49-kilometer railway from Tongnai Province to Ho Chi Minh City, a 4-6-lane highway from Ho Chi Minh City to Tongnai and Batty Dutong Province, and a 4-4-lane highway from Ho Chi Minh City to Cao Qin City.

Second, according to the location advantages and resource advantages of various parts of Vietnam, determine the location and location of enterprise investment.

On August 13, 2004, the Vietnamese government issued a decision on the establishment and development of three key economic zones. According to this decision, Vietnam divides the whole country into three key economic zones, aiming at giving full play to the potential, geographical advantages and resource advantages of each place to accelerate social and economic development.

Northern key economic zone. Including Hanoi, Haiphong, Quang Ninh, Haiyang, Xing 'an, Hexi, Yongfu and Beining provinces. The key areas of the economic zone include: high-tech industries and high-quality service industries, such as software industry, information equipment, automation and scientific and technological research products, automatic equipment production, robots, new materials, high-quality steel, shipbuilding and machinery manufacturing.

Central key economic zone. Including Da Nang City, Chengtian Hue Province, Guangnan Province, Generalized Province and Pingding Province. Among them, Da Nang is one of the largest ports in Vietnam. The development focus of this area is to promote the economic development of the central and western regions with the port as the center. It will speed up the construction of Zhulai Economic Development Zone in Guangnan Province, Rongju Economic Zone in Generalized Province and Zhenmeiling Economic and Trade Development Zone, plan and build Ren Hui Economic Zone, and gradually develop into a regional core by 20 10. At the same time, the roles of Da Nang City, Hue City and Guiren City in trade center, service industry and international trade will be greatly enhanced, so that this area will become the trade, service and tourism center of the central and Xiyuan areas.

Southern key economic zone. Including Ho Chi Minh City, Pingyang Province, Toudun-Bati Province, Tongnai Province, Xining Province, Pingfu Province, Long 'an Province and Qianjiang Province, it aims to build this region into an economically active, fast-growing and stable region, which is in a leading position in national industrialization and modernization, taking the lead in integrating into the international economy and becoming an engine to drive the economic development of the southeast region. According to this goal, a comprehensive economic zone will be established in the northwest of Ho Chi Minh City, including Long 'an Province, Xining Province and Ho Chi Minh City; Pingyang province will develop high-quality training centers and medical centers; Development of advanced vocational training centers in Tutong-Bati province; Construction of adjustment roads from Ho Chi Minh City to Toudun, Zhongliang and Xining; Building Longcheng Airport.

Third, pay attention to labor relations. In the early days, among Vietnamese workers, capitalists and the government, the relationship between the government and capitalists may be closer. If there is a labor dispute, the government usually favors the employer. In recent years, the Vietnamese government has successively revised the trade union law and labor law, giving trade unions at all levels more power. Generally, when there is a labor dispute, the trade union will take the side of the workers. If the strike is approved by the trade union, the factory must also pay the workers wages during the strike. A Taiwanese business manager who once worked in Chinese mainland compared the workers in China and China, and thought that the technical quality of Vietnamese workers was far worse than that of workers, although their wages were low. China workers are easily trained to become skilled workers, while Vietnamese labor training is much more difficult. The reason is that there is a lot of rural land in Vietnam, and the living environment and conditions of farmers are superior. Most farmers regard working in factories as an adjustment and a supplement to increase their income during slack seasons. Therefore, they don't pay much attention to working in the factory. If they are satisfied, they will go, because returning to the countryside to farm is also a good choice for Vietnamese workers. Unlike workers in Chinese mainland, they are usually landless or landless farmers. Working in the city is their only means of making a living. Therefore, they often attach great importance to this job and will not resign at will.

In addition, we should also treat Vietnam's rich human resources dialectically. In recent years, the number of Vietnamese workers working overseas has increased dramatically. According to Vietnamese official statistics, there are about 500,000 Vietnamese working in 40 countries and regions around the world, mainly in Taiwan Province Province, South Korea, Malaysia, Japan and other countries and regions, and the funds repatriated to China reach 654.38+05 billion US dollars every year. Labor export is a strategic policy to solve the employment problem of surplus labor in Vietnam, and it will continue to grow in the future. Some bosses who invest and set up factories in Vietnam are also worried that there will be a labor shortage in Vietnam in the next few years, and the demand for skilled workers and skilled workers has been in short supply. According to the author's observation, investing in labor-intensive industries such as clothing, electronics and home appliances in Vietnam may have some competitive advantages in recent years, but the advantages will not exist for a long time.