Xiongshi immigrants

Nowadays, all countries in the world advocate the teaching method of historical materials, bringing students into the historical scene, trying to teach students to re-examine the history of different countries with different identities, countries and times, paying attention to using historical materials to help students reproduce the face and image of the past, so as to understand and master historical knowledge and emphasize the "evidence" role of historical materials. Reading "Innovative Teaching Design under the New Curriculum Concept" made me realize the great potential of historical materials teaching.

1 Using historical materials to improve students' interest in teaching

In class, the teacher will distribute supplementary historical materials, photos, pictures and maps. Give students a strong sense of history and personal experience in teaching. Students can master historical knowledge, find problems and communicate with teachers and students through autonomous learning. In this process, teachers can use a variety of teaching methods, such as making charts, knowledge contests, scene reappearance, telling stories, acting historical plays and so on. Make the classroom atmosphere lively and enthusiastic all the time, and students' learning enthusiasm is high.

Second, the use of historical teaching to cultivate students' cooperative learning

The book "Learning" says that "learning alone without friends is ignorant", and UNESCO regards "learning to live" as one of the four pillars of education. The so-called "learning to live" means "learning to get along with others, learning to get along with others". When teaching color art, I divided the students into three groups and assigned three tasks before class: describing the different forms of the word "zhi" in Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion; Ask the art teacher Gu Kaizhi about the artistic value of Luo Shen; Collect information about the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang and show its value. Each group uses resources such as internet, library and textbooks. Collect, analyze and summarize useful materials. In this process, there are not only students' independent thinking and operation, but also information exchange and competition among students, and more importantly, students help each other, learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths.

Third, the use of historical teaching to cultivate students' inquiry learning

Suhomlinski once said, "In people's hearts, there is always an inherent need to regard themselves as discoverers, researchers and explorers."

Inquiry learning emphasizes guiding students into problem situations, prompting students to discover, explore and solve problems independently, and cultivating students' ability to collect and process historical information, acquire new knowledge and practice innovation. When teaching Chongqing negotiations, we show pictures of "US military aircraft airlifting Kuomintang troops to the front line of civil war" and "Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek" during Chongqing negotiations, and inspire students to explore: What is the real purpose of Chiang Kai-shek's invitation to Mao Zedong to Chongqing? What is Mao Zedong Chiang Kai-shek thinking in the photo? Why did Mao Zedong venture to negotiate in Chongqing? Play the information film "October 10th Agreement" to inspire students to explore: Can the content of "October 10th Agreement" be realized? In this course, historical materials are displayed to students through multimedia, so that students can be immersed in historical scenes, walk into history, fully perceive history, actively explore problems and cultivate their innovative ability.

The teaching process of using historical materials broadens students' horizons. Students' enthusiasm is very high and the classroom atmosphere is very active. Students are the real subjects of learning, exploring independently and actively acquiring knowledge, which completely changes the status of passive acceptance. At the same time, it also cultivates students' ability to read materials and analyze and summarize problems. With the maturity of historical materials teaching in the classroom, it will play a greater role.

Among the intellectuals in China in the 20th century, there were only a handful who had the habit of keeping a diary and left a relatively complete diary. Among them, the diaries of Hu Shi, Wu Mi and Zhu Kezhen are undoubtedly the most valuable historical materials. Wu Mi's diary was published from 19 10 to 1948 several years ago, and its importance has long been evaluated by reading circles. The sequel to Wu Mi's Diary published this time, which spans from 1949 to 1974, is not only a true record of his ups and downs in the latter half of his life, but also a complete case of the fate of intellectuals. Considering that Hu Shi left the mainland on 1949, and Zhu Kezhen became the vice president of China Academy of Sciences after 1949, the diary written by Wu Mi as an ordinary university professor has unique and more precious value. Among the first-class intellectuals who received western education at the same time, it is very rare for them to always adhere to the spirit of traditional culture and maintain their independent personality. Chen Yinque, who boasts of "ideological independence and spiritual freedom", can be counted as one. Unfortunately, he doesn't keep a diary, and his personal records are only sporadic letters and old-fashioned poems. Because of this, the sequel to Wu Mi's diary has almost become a "swan song". It not only recorded his life experience, but also recorded his spiritual track as a unique individual life. It can be regarded as a history of private letters in the great era.

Wu Mi had a clear and sober understanding of the value of diary before his death. 1On August 20th, 957, he came up with the idea of writing an autobiography, which he said could be supplemented by poems and diaries over the years. "Although I remember the fact of my private life, it was unofficial history of China in this era."

Mao Yanwen's The Past.

[Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 2007, 1 Edition]

I know Mao Yanwen because Wu Mi, a new woman who Wu Mi is struggling to pursue in Beloved. She has been dead for many years, and this memoir she left behind was first published in Chinese mainland this year. In the history of the Republic of China, Mao Yanwen's life experience is legendary. She is a native of Jiangshan, Zhejiang, and has received a complete new education. She studied at the University of Michigan and got a master's degree. She had contacts with Hu Shi and others, especially because Wu Mi missed her and married Xiong Xiling, the prime minister in the early years of the Republic of China, who was more than 30 years older than her. As we all know, the marriage between a young husband and a young wife was a sensational entertainment news. In her memoirs, she was very satisfied with her only three years of marriage. Before her death, she helped Xiong set up Xiangshan Kindergarten. After Xiong died, she continued to preside over this humanitarian organization. This may be the most important career in her life. Wu Mi once chased her in Wan Li and traveled across the ocean to Europe. Why did she refuse Wu Mi? Memoirs are vague, and this mystery may never have an accurate answer. But she is sure that Wu Mi is a humanist, kind-hearted, cautious, with a sense of justice, a strong scholar temperament and a little romantic, and is by no means a fickle person. After leaving the mainland, she was actually very concerned about the whereabouts of Wu Mi in the United States. 1Around the end of the 1950s, she occasionally saw mainland magazines translated into English, including Wu Mi's confession that she taught Shakespeare's plays from the perspective of pure literature, but now she knows that she was wrong and should teach them from the perspective of Marx. She said that she was very angry and felt sorry, sad and angry for Wu Mi's fate. Looking back on the past in her later years, the young new women have lost their mood. She said that she is an ordinary person and writes ordinary things, although there are several excellent records, because things have changed, they have become ordinary. I like this expression. Ordinary "past events" have long-term vitality.

Wong Young-tsu, the author of The Helplessness of Going to the World: Guo Songtao and Dao Xian Sharing Bright Time.

[Zhonghua Book Company, 2006, 1 1 Edition]

Wong Young-tsu is an overseas Chinese historian. Personally, I think his research on Guo Songtao and that era is the most groundbreaking. For a long time, Guo Songtao has not attracted enough attention, which started with Wong Young-tsu's book. After the Opium War, the Chinese nation, which had been sleeping for 20 years, gradually felt a sense of crisis and urgency after 1860, but it was only confined to the Westernization Movement, introducing western technology and learning from the West. In this era, China's most knowledgeable and cosmopolitan people are actually not the famous ministers who caused "Tongzhi Zhongxing"-Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zuo, but Guo Songtao, a Hunan native who witnessed the operation of the western system and personally experienced western civilization. He went to England from 1877 to 1879. Although it was only two years, it greatly broadened his horizons. In his missionary diary, he affirmed and praised the western system, culture and society, thinking that the "foreign land" is different from the past, and they also have a civilization of two thousand years. Guo Songtao, a lonely pioneer, was too advanced to be understood by his contemporaries. After the publication of his book The Journey to the West, it caused "public outrage" among Manchu literati. As a result, his book was destroyed and he was recalled when he was appointed ambassador to Britain. Since then, it has never been used by the imperial court. They are depressed in 189 1. Before his death, a valuable 2 million-word diary never came out. Nine years after his death, someone tried to kill his body to thank the world. ) Wong Young-tsu keenly grasped the character of Guo Songtao and deeply studied the twists and turns and difficulties in the process of China's going to the world. Anatomy of Guo Songtao's tragic fate is of unique enlightening significance for us to understand the misfortune of modern China.

Mayflower-A Story about Courage, Community and War [America] By Nathaniel philbrick.

[Translated by Li Yuyao and Hu Yaqian, Xinxing Publishing House, February 2006, 65438]

America is just a young country with a history of hundreds of years. However, it is not easy to really understand the origin of this country. With the passage of time, many historical details gradually blurred, and some important things may not have left a reliable written record at that time. The first generation of American ancestors who came ashore with the Mayflower Convention was not smooth sailing. They experienced the threat of hunger, disease and cold, and faced the bows and arrows, shotguns and traps of indigenous Indians. They struggled between life and death again and again, and spent countless unimaginable difficulties. Landing on the new continent does not mean that there are golden roses in front of you. In other words, they lived a life of believing in God in their own way, created their own society, and withstood severe tests. What is the relationship between the first generation of immigrants and their descendants composed of Mayflower passengers and Indians? What happened in the middle? We didn't know much before, not only in China, but also in the imagination of many Americans. American history from 1620 Skywalker landing is like a frog jumping. In a blink of an eye, a gunshot came to Lexington, and the horn of the American War of Independence sounded. Skipped 150 years in the middle. In this long century and a half, in this continent, which is almost a blank area and a historical blind spot, what thrilling stories and unforgettable names have happened. In view of this, philbrick wrote this book. I think the greatest thing about the United States is that it has the courage to face up to the unfortunate, unfair and disgraceful side of its own history, tolerate the examination and criticism of different viewpoints, and allow itself to expose the scars of history. Philbrick did not shy away from the bloody King Philip War that took place on American soil in the late17th century. It is precisely because the United States has a strong self-reflection ability that this country has been moving along the track of the Mayflower Convention and finding its own direction.