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I. Key areas for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions

(1) Energy production and transformation.

1. Formulate and implement relevant laws and regulations.

Vigorously strengthen energy legislation, establish and improve the energy legal system, promote the implementation of China's energy development strategy, establish the legal status of medium and long-term energy planning, promote the optimization of energy structure, and slow down the greenhouse gas emissions caused by energy production and transformation. The main measures taken include:

-Accelerate the formulation and revision of relevant laws and regulations conducive to slowing down greenhouse gas emissions. According to the requirements of the sustainable development of China's economy and society in the future to build a stable, economical, clean and safe energy supply and service system, the People's Republic of China (PRC) Energy Law will be enacted and implemented as soon as possible, and according to the principles and spirit of this law, the People's Republic of China (PRC) Coal Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Electric Power Law and other laws and regulations will be revised accordingly to further strengthen cleanliness.

-Strengthening the research and formulation of energy strategic planning. To study and put forward the national medium-and long-term energy strategy, formulate and improve the overall energy planning of China as soon as possible, as well as special plans for coal, electricity, oil and gas, nuclear power, renewable energy and oil reserves, so as to improve the sustainable energy supply capacity of China.

-Fully implement the Renewable Energy Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). Formulate relevant supporting laws and policies, formulate national and local special plans for the development of renewable energy, define development goals, take the development of renewable energy as an assessment index for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, guide and encourage various economic entities at home and abroad to participate in the development and utilization of renewable energy through legal means, and promote clean energy development.

2. Strengthen system innovation and mechanism construction.

-Accelerating the reform of China's energy system. Rely on the market mechanism and the government to promote the reform of energy management system and further optimize the energy structure; Actively and steadily promote energy price reform, gradually form a price formation mechanism that can reflect the scarcity of resources, the relationship between market supply and demand and the cost of pollution control, and establish a price system conducive to energy structure adjustment and sustainable development; Deepen the reform of the foreign trade system, control the export of products with high energy consumption, high pollution and resources, and form an import and export structure that is conducive to promoting the quality and cleanliness of the energy structure.

-Further promoting the mechanism construction of renewable energy development in China. According to the principle of combining government guidance, policy support and market promotion, establish a stable financial capital investment mechanism, and cultivate a sustainable and stable growth renewable energy market through government investment, government franchising and other measures; In order to improve the market environment for renewable energy development, State Grid and oil sales enterprises will purchase renewable energy products in accordance with the requirements of People's Republic of China (PRC) Renewable Energy Law.

3. Strengthen relevant policies and measures in the energy supply industry.

-Develop hydropower in an orderly manner on the basis of ecological protection. Taking the development of hydropower as an important measure to promote the clean and low-carbon development of China's energy structure. On the premise of environmental protection and resettlement, we should rationally develop and utilize abundant hydropower resources, accelerate the pace of hydropower development, focus on speeding up hydropower construction in the west, and develop small hydropower resources according to local conditions. Through the above measures, it is estimated that carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by about 500 million tons in 20 10.

-Actively promote the construction of nuclear power. Take nuclear energy as an important part of the national energy strategy, gradually increase the proportion of nuclear power in China's total primary energy supply, and accelerate the construction of nuclear power in coastal areas with developed economy and concentrated power load; Adhere to the principle of focusing on ourselves, cooperating with foreign countries, introducing technology and promoting independence in nuclear power construction, unify the technical route and adopt advanced technology to realize the autonomy and localization of large-scale nuclear power unit construction and improve the overall capacity of the nuclear power industry. Through the above measures, it is estimated that carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by about 500 million tons in 20 10.

-accelerating the technological progress of thermal power generation. Optimize the thermal power structure, accelerate the elimination of backward small thermal power units, and appropriately develop decentralized small power sources fueled by natural gas and coalbed methane; Vigorously develop high-efficiency and clean power generation technologies such as supercritical units with a single unit of 600,000 kilowatts and above and large combined cycle units; Develop cogeneration, cogeneration, cogeneration and cogeneration, cogeneration of heat and electricity; Strengthen power grid construction, adopt advanced power transmission and distribution technology and equipment, and reduce power transmission and distribution losses. Through the above measures, it is estimated that carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by about1.5438+billion tons in 20 10.

-Vigorously develop the coalbed methane industry. The exploration and development of coalbed methane and the utilization of mine gas are regarded as important means to speed up the structural adjustment of coal industry, reduce production safety accidents, improve resource utilization and prevent environmental pollution, and minimize energy waste and methane emission during coal production. The main encouragement policies include: relief of exploration right and mining right for ground extraction projects, preferential tax policies for comprehensive utilization projects such as coal mine gas extraction and utilization, encouragement policies for coal mine gas power generation projects stipulated in People's Republic of China (PRC) Renewable Energy Law, sales price of industrial and civil gas not lower than the price of natural gas with the same calorific value, and encouragement of clean development mechanism project cooperation in the field of coal mine gas utilization. Through the above measures, it is estimated that greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 20 10.

-Promoting the development of biomass energy. Focus on biomass power generation, biogas, biomass solid fuel and liquid fuel, and vigorously promote the development and utilization of biomass energy. In areas rich in biomass energy resources such as major grain producing areas, power plants and small and medium-sized boilers using straw as fuel will be built and transformed. Build waste incineration power plants in areas with developed economy and scarce land resources. Build biogas projects for large-scale livestock and poultry farms and municipal solid waste treatment plants, and rationally install biogas power generation facilities. Vigorously promote the gasification technology of biogas and agricultural and forestry wastes, increase the proportion of rural domestic gas, and take biomass gasification technology as an important measure to solve the environmental problems of rural and industrial production wastes. Efforts should be made to develop biomass solid molding fuel and liquid fuel, formulate economic policies and incentive measures conducive to the development and utilization of biomass energy represented by biofuel ethanol, and promote the large-scale production and utilization of biomass energy. Through the above measures, it is estimated that greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by about 300 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 20 10.

-Actively support the development and utilization of wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy. Through large-scale wind power development and construction, promote the technical progress and industrial development of wind power, realize the localization of wind power equipment, greatly reduce the cost, and make wind power competitive in the market as soon as possible; Actively develop solar power generation and solar thermal utilization, promote household photovoltaic power generation systems or build small photovoltaic power stations in remote areas, promote solar integrated buildings and solar centralized hot water supply projects in cities, build solar heating and refrigeration demonstration projects, and promote household solar water heaters, solar houses and solar cookers in rural areas and small towns; Actively promote the development and utilization of geothermal energy and ocean energy, popularize geothermal heating, hot water and ground source heat pump technologies that meet the requirements of environmental and water resources protection, and develop deep geothermal power generation technologies; Develop tidal power generation in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, and study other ocean power generation technologies such as wave energy. Through the above measures, it is estimated that carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by about 600 million tons in 20 10.

4. Increase the development and popularization of advanced and applicable technologies.

Vigorously improve the independent innovation ability of conventional energy, new energy and renewable energy development and utilization technology, promote the sustainable development of energy industry, and enhance the ability to cope with climate change.

-clean and efficient development and utilization technology of coal. Focus on research and development of high-efficiency coal mining technology and supporting equipment, heavy gas turbines, integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC), high-parameter ultra-supercritical units, supercritical large-scale circulating fluidized bed and other high-efficiency power generation technologies and equipment, develop and apply liquefaction and polygeneration technologies, and vigorously develop coal liquefaction conversion technologies such as coal gasification and coal chemical industry, polygeneration system technologies based on coal gasification, and carbon dioxide capture and utilization and storage technologies.

-exploration, development and utilization technology of oil and gas resources. Focus on the development of complex fault block and lithologic stratigraphic oil and gas reservoir exploration technology, low-grade oil and gas resources efficient development technology, enhanced oil recovery technology, deep oil and gas resources exploration and development technology, focusing on the development of deep-sea oil and gas reservoir exploration technology and heavy oil reservoir enhanced oil recovery comprehensive technology.

-Nuclear power technology. Research and master fast reactor design and core technology, related nuclear fuel and structural materials technology, break through key technologies such as sodium cycle, and actively participate in the construction and research of international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor.

-Renewable energy technologies. Focus on low-cost large-scale development and utilization technology, and develop large-scale wind power generation equipment, high-cost solar photovoltaic cells and utilization technology, solar thermal power generation technology, solar building integration technology, biomass energy and geothermal energy.

-Power transmission and distribution and power grid safety technology. Focus on research and development of large-capacity long-distance DC transmission technology and UHV AC transmission technology and equipment, intermittent power grid access and transmission and distribution technology, power quality monitoring and control technology, large-scale interconnected power grid security technology, major key technologies of West-to-East Power Transmission Project, power grid dispatching automation technology, efficient distribution and power supply management information technology and system.

(2) Improve energy efficiency and save energy.

1. Accelerate the formulation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations.

-Improve energy-saving regulations and standards. Revise and improve the Energy Conservation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), establish a strict energy conservation management system, improve the responsibilities of all actors, strengthen policy incentives, clarify law enforcement subjects, and increase penalties; Pay close attention to the formulation and revision of supporting laws and regulations such as the Measures for the Administration of Saving Electricity, the Measures for the Administration of Saving Petroleum and the Regulations on the Administration of Building Energy Efficiency; Formulate and improve energy efficiency standards for major industrial energy-consuming equipment, household appliances, lighting appliances and motor vehicles. Revise and improve the energy-saving design codes and building energy-saving standards for major energy-consuming industries, and speed up the formulation of building refrigeration and heating temperature control standards.

-Strengthening supervision and inspection of energy conservation. Improve the system of compulsory elimination of backward processes, technologies and equipment with high energy consumption, and eliminate backward energy-consuming products and equipment according to law; Improve the market access system for key energy-consuming products and new buildings, prohibit the production, import and sale of products that do not meet the minimum energy efficiency standards, and prohibit the sale and use of buildings that do not meet the building energy-saving design standards; Strengthen the supervision and inspection of energy utilization of key energy-using units according to law, and strengthen the supervision of energy utilization of public facilities such as high energy-consuming industries, government office buildings and large public buildings; Strengthen the inspection of the implementation of product energy efficiency standards, building energy efficiency design standards and industry design specifications.

2. Strengthen system innovation and mechanism construction.

-establish energy-saving target responsibility and evaluation and assessment system. Carry out the bulletin system of GDP energy consumption, improve the information release system of energy conservation, use modern information dissemination technology to release all kinds of energy consumption information in time, and guide local and enterprises to strengthen energy conservation work.

-Implementing comprehensive resource planning and power demand side management, taking the saved electricity as resources into the overall planning, guiding the rational allocation of resources, taking effective measures to improve the efficiency of terminal electricity consumption, optimizing the electricity consumption mode and saving electricity.

-Vigorously promote the implementation of energy-saving product certification and energy efficiency labeling management system, and use market mechanism to encourage and guide users and consumers to buy energy-saving products.

-Implement contract energy management, overcome market obstacles in the promotion of new energy-saving technologies, promote energy-saving industrialization, and provide one-stop services for enterprises to implement energy-saving transformation, including diagnosis, design, financing, transformation, operation and management.

-Establish an energy-saving investment guarantee mechanism to promote the development of energy-saving technical service system.

-Implementing voluntary agreements on energy conservation, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of enterprises and trade associations for energy conservation to the maximum extent.

3. Strengthen relevant policies and measures.

-Vigorously adjust the industrial structure and rationally distribute regions. Promote the accelerated development of the service industry and increase its proportion in the national economy. Combine regional economic development with energy conservation and environmental protection, and control greenhouse gas emissions. According to the carrying capacity and development potential of resources and environment and the requirements of main functional zoning, determine the functional orientation of different regions, and promote the formation of regional development patterns with different characteristics.

-Strictly implement the guidance catalogue for industrial restructuring. Control the scale of high-energy and high-pollution industries, reduce the proportion of high-energy and high-pollution industries, encourage the development of high-tech industries, give priority to the development of low-energy information industries, formulate and implement development plans and industrial policies for high-energy industries such as steel, nonferrous metals and cement, improve industry access standards, and formulate and improve domestic export policies for scarce resources and high-energy products.

-Formulating preferential policies for energy-saving products. Focus on terminal energy-using equipment, including high-efficiency motors, fans, pumps, transformers, household appliances, lighting products and building energy-saving products. Encourage the production or use of energy-saving products listed in the catalogue, include energy-saving products in the government procurement catalogue, give investment and financial subsidies or loan discount support to some major energy-saving projects and major energy-saving technology development demonstration projects, and study and formulate economic incentive policies for the development of energy-saving and land-saving buildings and green buildings.

-Studying fiscal and taxation policies, encouraging the development of energy-saving and environment-friendly small-displacement vehicles, and speeding up the elimination of vehicles with high fuel consumption. Choose the right time to implement the fuel tax reform plan, formulate industrial policies to encourage the development of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly small-displacement vehicles, formulate policies and measures to encourage the consumption of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly small-displacement vehicles, remove various restrictions on energy-saving and environmentally-friendly small-displacement vehicles, guide the public to establish the concept of saving automobile consumption, vigorously develop public transportation, increase the proportion of rail transit in urban transportation, and study policies to encourage the production and consumption of hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles.

4. Strengthen the development and promotion of energy-saving technologies in key industries.

-Steel industry. Coke ovens are equipped with dry quenching devices synchronously, and new blast furnaces are equipped with residual pressure power generation devices synchronously. Actively adopt advanced technologies and equipment such as concentrate charging, oxygen-enriched coal injection, hot metal pretreatment, large blast furnace, converter and ultra-high power electric furnace, external refining, continuous casting, continuous rolling, controlled rolling and controlled cooling.

-Non-ferrous metal industry. Large-scale high-efficiency and energy-saving equipment is mainly used in mines, advanced oxygen-enriched flash smelting and oxygen-enriched molten pool smelting processes are used in copper smelting, large prebaked electrolytic cells are used in electrolytic aluminum, new oxygen bottom blowing lead smelting process and other oxygen direct lead smelting technologies are used in lead smelting, and new wet processes are developed in zinc smelting.

-petrochemical industry. In oil and gas exploitation, technologies such as optimal allocation of oil production system, matching energy-saving for thermal recovery of heavy oil, optimized operation of water injection system, carbon dioxide reinjection, comprehensive energy-saving for oil and gas gathering and transportation, and recycling of vented natural gas were applied to optimize the raw material structure of ethylene production, and advanced technologies were adopted to transform ethylene cracking furnace, and advanced energy-saving technologies were adopted, new catalysts and high-efficiency energy-saving equipment for large-scale synthetic ammonia plant were adopted, so as to popularize the waste heat recovery technology of flue gas in the primary synthetic ammonia furnace with natural gas as raw material. In synthetic ammonia with petroleum as raw material, the transformation of replacing raw oil with natural gas should be accelerated, energy-saving equipment and pressure swing adsorption recovery technology should be adopted for small and medium-sized synthetic ammonia, traditional fixed-bed gasification technology should be replaced by coal water slurry or advanced pulverized coal gasification technology, and the production of graphite anode diaphragm caustic soda should be phased out gradually, and the proportion of ion-exchange membrane caustic soda should be increased.

-building materials industry. The cement industry develops new dry decomposition technology outside the kiln, actively promotes energy-saving grinding equipment and waste heat power generation technology in cement kilns, carries out energy-saving transformation on existing large and medium-sized rotary kilns, mills and dryers, and gradually eliminates backward cement production technologies such as mechanical vertical kilns, wet kilns and dry hollow kilns. Replacing fossil fuels with combustible wastes, and comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residue and tailings. The glass industry has developed the advanced float process, eliminated the backward vertical pull-up and horizontal pull-down processes, and popularized the kiln full insulation technology, oxygen-enriched and oxygen-enriched combustion technology. The backward kiln types such as inverted flame kiln, push plate kiln and porous kiln are eliminated in the building ceramics industry, and the roller kiln technology is popularized. In the production of sanitary ceramics, the fuel structure is changed and the sagger-free sintering process of clean gas fuel is adopted. Actively promote the application of new wall materials, high-quality environmental protection and energy-saving thermal insulation and sound insulation materials, waterproof materials and sealing materials, improve the application ratio of high-performance concrete, and extend the service life of buildings.

-Traffic. Accelerate the elimination of old vehicles with high energy consumption, accelerate the development of diesel vehicles, large-tonnage vehicles and professional vehicles, promote van trucks, and develop professional transport vehicles such as containers; Promote the implementation of the national standard "Fuel Consumption Limit for Passenger Cars" and control the development of high-fuel vehicles from the source; Accelerate the development of electrified railways, develop AC -DC- AC high-efficiency electric locomotives, promote energy-saving measures such as traction power factor compensation technology of electrified railways, develop locomotive power supply technology for buses, promote the use of bus power supply, and gradually reduce and cancel diesel-powered vehicles; Adopt fuel-saving vehicles to improve loading rate, passenger load rate and transportation turnover capacity, improve fuel efficiency and reduce fuel consumption; Accelerate the elimination of old ships by formulating technical standards for ships; Adopt new ship type and advanced power system.

-Agricultural machinery. Eliminate backward agricultural machinery; Adopt advanced diesel fuel-saving technology to reduce diesel consumption; Popularize advanced mechanized agronomic techniques such as less tillage, no tillage and combined operation; Use more motors in fixed workplaces; Develop the application of renewable energy such as hydropower, wind energy and solar energy in agricultural machinery. By eliminating backward fishing boats, the utilization efficiency can be improved and the oil consumption in fishery can be reduced.

-Building energy efficiency. Focus on research and development of green building design technology, building energy-saving technology and equipment, heating system and air-conditioning system energy-saving technology and equipment, renewable energy devices and building integrated application technology, exquisite building and green building construction technology and equipment, energy-saving building materials and green building materials, building energy-saving technical standards, and existing building energy-saving transformation technology and standards.

-Commercial and civil energy conservation. Promote energy-efficient household and office appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, washing machines and computers, reduce standby energy consumption, implement energy efficiency standards and labels, and standardize the market for energy-saving products. Promote high-efficiency fluorescent lamps such as rare earth energy-saving lamps, high-intensity gas discharge lamps and electronic ballasts, reduce the proportion of ordinary incandescent lamps, gradually phase out high-pressure mercury lamps, implement energy efficiency standards for lighting products, and increase the proportion of high-efficiency energy-saving fluorescent lamps.

5. Further implement the ten key energy-saving projects proposed in the medium and long-term special plan for energy conservation.

Actively promote the implementation of ten key energy-saving projects, such as coal-fired industrial boilers (kilns) transformation, regional cogeneration, utilization of waste heat and pressure, energy conservation instead of petroleum, energy conservation of motor system, energy system optimization, building energy conservation, green lighting, energy conservation of government agencies, energy conservation monitoring and technical service system construction, so as to ensure the progress and effect of project implementation and form a stable energy-saving capacity as soon as possible. Through the implementation of the above ten key energy-saving projects, it is estimated that 240 million tons of standard coal can be saved during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, which is equivalent to about 550 million tons of carbon dioxide reduction.

(3) Industrial production process.

-Vigorously develop circular economy and take the road of new industrialization. In accordance with the principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling" and the requirements of taking a new road to industrialization, we will take various effective measures to further promote the development of clean production and circular economy in the industrial field, accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and reduce the use of products such as cement, lime, steel and calcium carbide as much as possible while meeting the basic needs of future economic and social development, and minimize greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide generated during the production and use of these products.

-Strengthen steel saving and restrict steel export. Further implement the "iron and steel industry development policy", encourage the use of renewable materials to replace steel and recycling of waste steel, and reduce the use of steel; Encourage the adoption of short process technology with scrap steel as raw material; Organize to revise and improve the design specifications and standards of construction steel, and reduce the utilization coefficient of steel under the condition of ensuring safety; Encourage research, development and use of new materials with high performance, low cost and low consumption to replace steel; Encourage iron and steel enterprises to produce high-strength steel and corrosion-resistant steel to improve the strength and service life of steel; Cancel or reduce the export tax rebate of iron alloy, pig iron, scrap steel, billet (ingot), steel and other steel products, and restrict the export of these products.

-further promote bulk cement and encourage cement to be mixed with waste residue. We will continue to implement the policy of "restricting bagged cement and encouraging and developing bulk cement", improve the policy of collecting special funds for bulk cement for production enterprises selling bagged cement and using bagged cement, continue to implement preferential policies such as tax reduction and exemption for cement products mixed with waste residue, and further promote measures such as ready-mixed concrete and ready-mixed mortar to maintain the momentum of rapid development of bulk cement in China.

-Vigorously save building materials. Further promote the "four-section" building (energy saving, water saving, material saving and land saving), actively promote the new building system, and promote the application of high-performance, low-material consumption and renewable building materials; Vigorously promote the application of high-strength steel and high-performance concrete; Actively carry out the recycling of construction waste and waste products; Make full use of straw and other products to manufacture plant fiberboard; Implement the requirements of strict material consumption accounting system in design and construction, revise relevant engineering consumption standards, and guide enterprises to promote material-saving technological progress.

-Further promote adipic acid and other production enterprises to carry out clean development mechanism projects and other international cooperation, actively strive for the funds and technical assistance needed to control the emissions of greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), improve the level of emission control and reduce the emissions of various greenhouse gases.

(4) agriculture.

-Strengthening the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations. Gradually establish and improve the laws and regulations system based on People's Republic of China (PRC) Agriculture Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Grassland Law and People's Republic of China (PRC) Land and Land Management Law, which can improve agricultural productivity and increase the carbon storage of agro-ecosystem, speed up the formulation of plans for the protection and construction of cultivated land and grassland, and strictly control land reclamation in areas with fragile ecological environment.

-Strengthening the construction of eco-agriculture in areas with high degree of intensification. Through the implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control project, popularize the rational use technology of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, vigorously strengthen the construction of cultivated land quality, implement a new round of fertile soil project, scientifically apply chemical fertilizers, guide the application of organic fertilizers, comprehensively improve soil fertility and reduce nitrous oxide emissions from farmland.

-Further intensify the development, popularization and application of technology. Cultivate low-emission and high-yield rice varieties, popularize semi-arid cultivation techniques of rice, adopt scientific irrigation techniques, and develop microbial technologies. It can effectively reduce the methane emission intensity of rice fields; Develop excellent ruminant breeding technology and large-scale feeding management technology to reduce the methane emission intensity of livestock products; Further popularize straw treatment technology and promote the development of household biogas technology; Develop and popularize key technologies of environmentally friendly fertilizers to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from farmland; Vigorously promote straw returning and less (no) tillage technology to increase farmland soil carbon storage.

(5) forestry.

-Strengthening the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations. Accelerate the formulation, revision and cleaning up of forestry laws and regulations. Formulate special laws and regulations such as Regulations on the Protection of Natural Forests and Regulations on the Circulation of the Right to Use Forests and Woodlands; Strengthen law enforcement, improve the law enforcement system, strengthen law enforcement inspection, expand social supervision, and establish a dynamic supervision mechanism for law enforcement.

-Reform and improve existing industrial policies. We will continue to improve the target management responsibility system and departmental greening responsibility system of governments at all levels, further explore various forms of voluntary tree planting for the whole people under the conditions of market economy, formulate relevant policies, and promote the in-depth development of voluntary tree planting and departmental greening. Through the adjustment of relevant industrial policies, we will promote the further development of afforestation and increase forest resources and forestry carbon sinks.

-Do a good job in key forestry ecological construction projects. We will continue to promote key forestry ecological construction projects such as natural forest resources protection, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, sandstorm source control in Beijing and Tianjin, shelter forest system, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction, do a good job in the construction of biomass energy forest bases, and further protect existing forest carbon reserves and increase land carbon reserves and absorption through effective implementation of the above key projects.

(6) Urban garbage.

-Strengthening the implementation of relevant laws and regulations. Conscientiously implement the People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation, Measures for the Administration of Municipal Domestic Waste and other laws and regulations, so as to make the management focus transition from the current terminal management to the whole process management, that is, the source reduction, recycling and final harmless treatment of garbage. Standardize the behavior of garbage producers and disposers to the maximum extent, and incorporate the treatment of urban domestic garbage into the overall urban planning.

-further improve industry standards. According to the requirements of the new situation, the standard of compulsory garbage classification and recycling is formulated to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of garbage resources and reduce the amount of garbage generated at the source. Strictly implement and further revise the existing industry standards such as Classification and Evaluation Standard of Municipal Domestic Waste, Technical Specification for Sanitary Landfill of Domestic Waste, and Evaluation Standard for Harmless Landfill of Domestic Waste, so as to improve the collection and utilization level of combustible gas generated by landfills and reduce methane emission from landfills.

-increase the development and utilization of technology. Vigorously research, develop and popularize advanced waste incineration technology, improve the level of localization, effectively reduce costs, and promote the industrialization of waste incineration technology. Research and develop landfill gas recycling technology and composting technology suitable for China's national conditions, and provide urgently needed garbage treatment technology for small and medium-sized cities and rural areas. Increase support for technology research and development, demonstration and popularization and utilization, and accelerate the development of garbage disposal and comprehensive utilization technology.

-Give play to the guiding role of industrial policies. Guided by the national industrial policy, we will promote the reform of the garbage disposal system, improve the current scattered garbage collection and utilization methods, and promote the industrialization of garbage disposal by implementing the charging system for domestic garbage disposal, carrying out the service charge for sanitation industry, the economic contract responsibility system and the enterprise management of production institutions.

-Formulate incentive policies to promote landfill gas recycling. Formulate incentive policies to encourage enterprises to build and use landfill gas collection and utilization systems. Improve the collection standard of garbage disposal fees, give preferential treatment to the on-grid electricity price of landfill gas power generation and garbage incineration power generation, implement preferential value-added tax rate for landfill gas collection and utilization projects, and reduce or exempt income tax within a certain period of time.

Two. Key areas of adaptation to climate change

(1) agriculture.

-continue to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure. Accelerate the implementation of large-scale irrigation areas centered on water-saving transformation, focus on field engineering construction, update and transform aging electromechanical equipment, and improve the irrigation and drainage system. We will continue to promote demonstration of water-saving irrigation, carry out pilot projects for large-scale construction of major grain producing areas, actively develop water-saving dry farming in arid and water-deficient areas, and continue to build demonstration areas for dry farming. Pay close attention to the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy, focusing on the construction of field irrigation and drainage projects, small-scale irrigation areas and non-irrigation areas with drought-resistant water sources. Strengthen the control of saline-alkali and waterlogging damage in low-yield fields in major grain producing areas, and accelerate the construction of rainwater collection and utilization projects in arid and water-deficient areas such as hilly areas.

-Promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure and planting system. Optimize the regional distribution of agriculture, promote the concentration of advantageous agricultural products in advantageous production areas, form an industrial belt of advantageous agricultural products, and improve agricultural production capacity. Expand the cultivation of cash crops and feed crops, and promote the transformation of planting structure to the ternary structure of food crops, feed crops and cash crops. Adjust planting system, develop multiple cropping system and improve multiple cropping index.

-Cultivate stress-resistant varieties. Cultivate excellent new varieties of animals and plants with high yield potential, excellent quality, outstanding comprehensive resistance and wide adaptability. Improve the layout of crops and varieties, and cultivate and breed stress-resistant varieties such as drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, high temperature resistance and pest resistance in a planned way.

-Curbing the trend of intensified grassland desertification. Build artificial grassland, control the carrying capacity of grassland, restore grassland vegetation, increase grassland coverage and prevent further spread of desertification. Strengthen the development of animal husbandry in agricultural areas and enhance the production capacity of animal husbandry.

-Strengthening research and development of new technologies. Develop new technologies, including biotechnology, and strive to make significant progress in photosynthesis, biological nitrogen fixation, biotechnology, pest control, stress resistance, facility agriculture, precision agriculture and so on. Continue to implement the "seed project" and the "livestock and poultry breeding project", and do a good job in the construction, expansion and promotion of breeding bases for bulk crops and livestock and poultry breeding. Strengthen the popularization of agricultural technology and improve the application ability of new agricultural technology.

(2) Forests and other natural ecosystems.

-Formulating and implementing laws and regulations to adapt to climate change. Accelerate the revision of People's Republic of China (PRC) Forest Law and People's Republic of China (PRC) Wildlife Protection Law, draft People's Republic of China (PRC) Nature Reserve Law, and formulate wetland protection regulations. And add and strengthen provisions related to adaptation to climate change in relevant laws and regulations, so as to provide legal guarantee for improving the adaptability of natural ecosystems such as forests to climate change.

-Strengthening the effective protection of existing forest resources and other natural ecosystems. Strict protection of natural forest logging ban will make the natural forest ecosystem change from reverse degradation to positive succession. Implement wetland protection projects, effectively reduce human interference and destruction, and curb the downward trend of wetland area. Expand the area of nature reserves, improve the quality of nature reserves, and establish protected area corridors. Strengthen forest fire prevention, establish and improve forest fire prediction, monitoring, rescue, forest fire barrier and fire assessment system. Actively integrate existing forestry monitoring resources and establish and improve the national comprehensive monitoring system for forest resources and ecological conditions. Strengthen the prevention and control of forest pests and diseases, further establish and improve the monitoring and early warning system of forest pests and diseases, quarantine and disaster prevention and mitigation systems, strengthen comprehensive prevention and control, and expand biological control.

-Intensifying the development, popularization and application of technology. Research and development of forest pest control and forest fire prevention technology, research and cultivation of cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, pest-resistant tree species, and improve the competition and adaptability of forest plants in the process of climate adaptation and migration. Develop and utilize biodiversity conservation and restoration technologies, especially related technologies such as forest and wildlife nature reserves, wetland conservation and restoration, and endangered wildlife species protection, so as to reduce the impact of climate change on biodiversity. Strengthen the positioning observation and ecological environment monitoring technology of forest resources and forest ecosystems, including forest environment, desertification, wildlife, wetlands, forest fires and forest pests and diseases monitoring technology, improve the ecological environment monitoring network and system, and improve early warning and emergency response capabilities.

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