What are the basic characteristics of China's historical and geographical environment?

The geographical ecological environment for the emergence and development of Chinese culture refers to the geographical environment of the whole historical period since China entered a civilized society, that is, the historical geographical environment.

Geographical environment includes natural geographical environment and human geographical environment.

Generally speaking, the natural geographical environment, such as climate, topography, landform, hydrology, vegetation, land and sea distribution, changes slowly, and sometimes it takes a long time for people to perceive it.

However, in some stages and in some local areas, the changes of natural geographical environment may also occur very quickly and violently, which will have a great impact.

The development and change speed of human geographical environment such as territory, administrative region, nationality, population, culture, city, transportation, agriculture and animal husbandry is much faster than that of natural geographical factors.

Of course, these two aspects are interactive and cannot be completely separated.

1, region, administrative region

The territory from Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty was the most prosperous period of Qing Dynasty before the Opium War.

The county system was implemented in Qin and Han dynasties, and gradually evolved into a three-level system of Daozhou county in Tang dynasty, mainly a three-level system of Luzhou county in Song dynasty, and a provincial system in Yuan dynasty, which was followed in Ming and Qing dynasties, with the basic form of province, state and county.

2. Nationality and population

China has always been a multi-ethnic country. All ethnic groups have jointly created China, and the territory of China has also been jointly developed and consolidated by all ethnic groups.

At the beginning of AD, there were more than 60 million people. After several ups and downs, it reached 430 million by the middle of19th century.

Population distribution is extremely uneven, migration is frequent, and there are many immigrants.

3. Topography and landforms

Some lakes have disappeared or changed greatly; Changes in waterways and water systems, such as the diversion of the Yellow River and the formation of the Haihe River system; Land and sea changes, some coastal areas have become land one after another, and some have fallen into the sea; Soil erosion and broken landforms in the Loess Plateau: desert expansion or range change, etc.

4. Climate

The temperature changes repeatedly, from cold to warm and from warm to cold; The change of wetting condition, from wetting to gradually drying, aggravated the drought.