There were many compound surnames in ancient times. Why are there so few now?

Many people don't even realize that their surnames are actually compound surnames. Let's talk about the surname change in the pre-Qin period. Everyone saw the compound surnames of Dongfang, Ximen and Ji Sun, and later they all saved shouting. Fang in the East, Men in the West and Ji in the West. Another example is Nangong, which omitted the word and took the surname Gong. Of course, the word surname changed from compound surname is also partly someone else's surname.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a surname Gong, the Nangong was the Nangong, and Gong was Gong, which was a different surname. But later the Nangong changed its surname to Gong, and two different families became one surname.

Photo: Perfect and beautiful Nangong Yan

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, a large number of tribes in the sixteen countries of Wuhu brought in compound surnames, such as Helan and Tuoba. After the stability of the country, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ordered that the surnames of these Hu people be changed to Han surnames. Except for a few surnames, such as He Ruo and Sun Qiang, all the others were changed to China surnames, and nearly a hundred were changed.

It turned out that their surnames were all two or three words, but now they are all single surnames.

For example:

Change the surname to Hu.

Change the surname on the first floor.

Qiu Muling changed his surname to Mu.

Helan changed his surname to He.

Don't change your surname to

He changed his surname from Luo to Luo.

Hu Jiakou changed his surname to Hou.

Wu Wan changed his surname to Huan.

Mona Lou changed her surname to Mo.

Wei Chi changed his surname to Wei.

Changed his surname to Lin.

Du Yu Zhen Shi changed her surname to Zhen.

Fei Lian's surname change fee

This last "compound surname Fei Lian, change surname Fei Lian" is actually the same as "compound surname Fei Pu, change surname Fei Lian".

Who is this?

This is the singer ChristianRandPhillips!

Photo: ChristianRandPhillips, whose father is an American, whose real name is chris phillips, but in fact his surname is Phillips, and his Chinese surname was changed to Fei in the Chinese community.

Tuoba's family, the royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty, changed its surname to Yuan. Today, there are still many Yuan surnames. If we push them up, our ancestors will be named Tuoba. But not all ancestors surnamed Yuan were Tuoba's, and it is also possible that they were originally surnamed Yuan.

In later days, more compound surnames were changed to single surnames. For example, Murong changed his surname to Mu, and Dugu changed his surname to Liu or Du. During this period, more than half of the compound surnames in China have been changed to single surnames. But there are still many compound surnames in society, such as Huangfu, Wu and Ouyang. Some families with multiple surnames have also changed, such as five changes to one, and Ouyang changed his surname to Ou. Like Ouyang, the European surname and Ouyang coexist today.

Photo: Ou Di, real name O Shuai, stage name Ouyang Longji. This Ouyang Longji is his retro name. In fact, his ancestor's surname is Ouyang.

Photo: Ouyang Xiu's "Looking at Jiangnan"

The next step is to change Hongwu's surname more severely. Everyone knows that Hongwu immigrants are also forced immigrants by the state. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Hongwu directly banned Mongolian surnames and asked Han people to change multi-word surnames into single-word surnames. From then on, Uncle Sun, Uncle Sun were all surnamed Sun. Zhao's surname is Si, and he changed his surname to Wang.

If you look at the genealogy of Mongolia, Khitan and all levels, you will find that during the Hongwu period, everyone suddenly changed their surnames collectively. The original compound surnames have all become single surnames. This proves that the measures to change the surname were very strict at that time, which may also be caused by the atmosphere. In fact, by the middle and late Ming Dynasty, there were not many compound surnames of China.

At this time, the Qing Dynasty came.

As we all know, the Qing Dynasty was founded by Manchu, who had multiple surnames. Such as Ye Henara and Ai Xinjue Roche. Originally, I didn't change my surname very much, and even changed my single-word surname into a multi-word surname to treat it differently. If Kangxi's mother's surname is Tong, she will change her surname. But in modern times, these surnames have been changed into words.

For example, most descendants of Yehnara changed their surnames to "Na".

Photo: Na Ying is a descendant of Yehnara.

If there is a compound surname of Aisingiorro, the first surname outside Shanhaiguan is Zhao, and the basic surname inside Shanhaiguan is Jin, because "Aisingiorro" means "Jin" in Manchu.

Photo: The big gold teeth in the TV series "Ghost Blows the Lamp", brother Jin, surnamed Jin, are mixed in Beijing, probably descendants of Ai Xinjue Roche.

The earliest surnames with compound surnames were basically Qing doctors, and most of them took official names and place names as surnames (fiefs granted to Qing doctors and scholars in the Zhou Dynasty, and many place names were two characters). During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the QingDafu class itself easily became a political victim, and later generations had to change their surnames to other families in order to take refuge. Of course, avoiding disasters and changing surnames as low as possible, so most of them are single surnames.

A typical example is the sheep's tongue: the doctor's sheep's tongue in the late Spring and Autumn Period? It was sealed by the Duke of Jin to Yangguo (Yangguo existed in the Western Zhou Dynasty and was later destroyed by the State of Jin), which is today's Hongdong in Shanxi; After his death, his family was persecuted by Zhao Jianzi, and his son Juzu fled to Hongnong. They all changed their surnames to Yang (a few sheep) under the name of the old fief, and then became the most prominent one of Yang's later-Hongnong Yang. There used to be an old Yang Guozong family whose surname was Yang, but the number was small and it was not famous in history.

In this way, after the Qin dynasty, more than half of the compound surnames were eliminated, except for Sima and Gongsun, which are very prominent families, which are basically single surnames. Then there are the surnames of ethnic minorities, many of which are transliteration of two or three words. Since the Han Dynasty, many ethnic minorities have naturalized the Han nationality and worked as tenants and slaves. Later, they basically took the surname of their masters. Then there is the reform of Emperor Xiaowen. Most of the surnames of Xianbei and Xiongnu were changed to single surnames and compound surnames of Han nationality, which eliminated more than half of the compound surnames ―― of course, the military system of the Western Wei Dynasty was restored to its original shape, and even the Han nationality gave Xianbei surnames; However, after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of Sui took the initiative to restore the Han surname (the Xianbei surname during the military system of the government was "Pu Liuru"), and then many Xianbei people and Han people changed their original Han surnames.

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Turks, Shatuo, Qidan, Tangut, etc. All of them have been naturalized, and almost all of them have taken this route, either given Chinese surnames by emperors or landlords, or taken refuge in times of turmoil. Among them, in the middle and late period of the Jin dynasty ruling the north, the degree of sinicization was very high, and many Jurchen also had Chinese surnames. For example, Qiu Shilie, a powerful minister in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty, was in charge of middle school, and his Chinese name was Hu. After the Yuan Dynasty ruled the north, all the areas ruled by the former rulers belonged to the Han people, and many Jurchen Khitans living in Shanhaiguan have been sinicized for many generations. After being classified as Han Chinese, I simply changed my surname to Han Chinese.

In the history of China, there are only two sources of compound surnames, both of which have tragic endings, resulting in few compound surnames among Han people now.