Which country was established overseas by China people?

From gangs to enterprises to countries

"Lanfang" is not a girl's name, but a group of China people established a local government on a tropical ocean island thousands of miles away more than 200 years ago. Without the support of the motherland at all, they struggled to survive with amazing will.

In AD 1772 (thirty-seven years of Qianlong), Luo Fangbo, a Hakka in Meizhou, Guangdong Province, had an after-school test, which was "with a strong ambition to travel", carried forward the Hakka spirit, crossed the ocean and landed in Borneo (present-day kalimantan island). Lanfang Company, founded in Kundian, is a political organization similar to the East India Company.

Five years later, Luo Fangbo changed the company name to * * * Republic, with East Lv Wan as its capital. This year was designated as the first year of Lanfang.

Luo Fangbo, formerly known as Luo Fangbai, was honored by Luo Fangbo. Born in 1738 (three years of Qianlong), "I have been practicing martial arts since I was a child, and I am the highest among the heroes."

When he first arrived in Borneo, Luo Fangbo took teaching as his profession. He is literate, talented and knows martial arts. He can not only unite overseas Chinese, but also cooperate with local natives, and is deeply welcomed by local people and overseas Chinese.

Borneo has fertile land for farming and grazing, mountains, gold mines, rich resources and ports for developing transportation. However, the mining companies on the island are fighting with each other, and there is an armed invasion by the Dutch Empire East India Company, which is attacked from inside and outside. After gaining a firm foothold, Luo Fangbai led his partners, together with the local people, to help the local Sudanese leaders quell the rebellion of the indigenous people, and was rewarded by the leaders, and put East Lv Wan under Luo Fangbai's jurisdiction. This place has a population of more than 65,438+and a gold ore field of several tens of kilometers from north to south, attracting tens of thousands of Chinese and hundreds of thousands of indigenous people, and naturally establishing a huge economic entity-Lanfang Company.

1776, Luo Fangbo established "Lanfang controls * * * and the country" and adopted the title of "Lanfang". Referring to some legal systems in western countries, Luo Fangbo established a complete set of administrative, legislative and judicial institutions. The country has a Ministry of Defence, but there is no permanent army. On the contrary, all people are soldiers. Production is scattered all over the country at ordinary times, and it is concentrated to guard against the enemy in wartime. The localities are divided into three levels: the provincial government and the county, and the leaders of local administrative organs at all levels are elected by referendum.

Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luo Fangbo sent an audience with Emperor Qianlong, demanding that this land in West Borneo be included in the territory of the Qing Dynasty or become a vassal state. However, Emperor Qianlong simply ignored these "China abandoned the people" and refused to recognize this country established overseas by overseas Chinese in Nanyang.

Luo Fangbo died in 1795 when he was the head of state for nineteen years. On his deathbed, he told the people that no matter who will be the national leader in the future, the heart of submitting to the Qing Dynasty will never change.

Since then, the people of the whole country have elected Jiang as the successor of the head of state. Since then, seven people have held this position.

1886, Doris Republic was attacked by Dutch colonial invaders. Doris * * and all the people of China resisted tenaciously, and finally fell because of poor weapons. This small country of China, which existed for 1 10 years, unfortunately perished.

According to Luo Fangbo Biography, the local ruler Sultan signed a contract with Luo Fangbo to cede the land to Lan Fang for autonomy. "The land he ceded is ten thousand labors in the east, capps River in the west, quadrangles in the south, the line between Shanghou and Shuanggouyue, and the line between Laolao, Shankou and Bangjia in the north, which is hundreds of miles in vertical and horizontal directions ..." This is a country with a vast territory and a population of10 million.

In fact, immigrants from China, such as Luo Fangbo, were called "abandoned children in China" in the society at that time and had no social status at all. It was during the Qianlong period, when China was prosperous and imperial power was everywhere. Luo Fangbo, they dare not say that they are lonely, for fear of committing treason. It doesn't matter if they stay away from their homeland, but that's the trouble. China people always identify with the motherland in their bones, and no matter how far they go, they can't change "my China heart", and so can Luo Canfang Bo. On the contrary, they always hoped to be accepted by the Qing court as a local government, so that they could honor their ancestors, rely on their motherland and resist the invading Europeans. In fact, although the Qing court never officially recognized Lan, the envoys sent by Luo Fangbo at least complied with the etiquette, which made the Dutch people, who had long coveted Lan, afraid and never expected anything more. It was not until 1886 that the Qing court declined that the Netherlands attacked Lanfang on a large scale and wiped out the countries established by Chinese overseas.

Lan Guofang, which has a population of one million and can be used by the whole people in wartime, was defeated by the Dutch from afar. It is said that the main reason is poor weapons. This incident tells us that what system a country implements is not important, but its strength-economic strength, scientific and technological strength and military strength.

It is not uncommon for China people to establish their country overseas. Luo Fangbo is not the only one, but he is the only one who is not king.

2. Kingdom of Dai Yan

At that time, the Chinese nation established in Southeast Asia was not only a "Republic of Lanfang * * *", but also several other countries:

Guangdong native Wu Yuansheng established the Kingdom of Dai Yan in northern Borneo. He has been king for over a hundred years. He died in Holland in the19th century.

Dai Yan Kingdom is a kingdom established by Guangdong Wu Yuansheng in northern Borneo. The throne is hereditary, which existed from the middle and late18th century to the middle19th century, and lasted for more than 70 years after four generations of kings. /kloc-became a Dutch colony in the middle of the 0/9th century and perished.

The first king of the Kingdom of Dai Yan was Wu Yuansheng, whose ancestral home was Meixian, Jiaying County, Guangdong Province. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, he fled to Borneo Island in Southeast Asia because he planned to launch an uprising. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, he founded an influential Jusheng company there and became a leader. Later, his subordinate Luo Fangbo gradually surpassed him in prestige. Luo Fangbo replaced Wu Yuansheng as the leader and established Lanfang Company. Wu Yuansheng became a subordinate of Luo Fangbo. 1777, Luo Fangbo established the Republic of Lanfang in Borneo, and Wu Yuansheng, Luo Fangbo's subordinate, was stationed in the kingdom of Daitayo, north of the Kundian River. At that time, King Dai Yan was cruel and people hated him. 1783, Wu Yuansheng killed King Dai Yan. After Wu Yuansheng killed the king, people were very grateful and admired him, so he was acclaimed as the king of Dai Yan.

Later, after Wu Yuansheng's death, his son was young and his wife attacked him as the queen. Queen Dai Yan was still in power when Xie Qihang, a traveler and navigator in Qing Dynasty, set sail in Nanyang (1783- 1797). From then on, the throne was inherited by Wu for four generations, until it became a colony of the Netherlands in the middle of19th century.

Xie recorded the situation of the kingdom in Hai Lu: Dai Yan is in the south of Kundian, upstream from the south river of Kundian, and it takes about seven or eight days to reach Shuangwendu, which is it. In a few days, we will arrive in the capital. Before Qianlong, the Cantonese assassinated Mr. Fan, which was the main thing for the Chinese. Sheng Yuan died, his son was still young, and his wife attacked his position, which still exists today.

3. King of Natuna Island

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang, chaozhou people, Guangdong Province, established a kingdom with no specific name on Inbona Island (Natuna Island) and became king by himself. In19th century, Zhang died, internal disputes occurred and the kingdom collapsed.

Kaipu Anatuna Island (also known as Inbona Island) in the South China Sea is a group of islands in northern Indonesia, belonging to Riau Islands province. Located between the Malay Peninsula and kalimantan island. The main island, Natuna Besar, and many other small islands, * * * consist of 127 large and small islands with an area of 2 1 10 square kilometers. At the end of 1980s, the population was about 1.5 million. At that time, Chinese accounted for more than 80%. According to the Singapore media reports in the past, China people in this archipelago have always wanted independence. Natuna Islands is not high in altitude, with high temperature, heavy rainfall and abundant tropical forests all year round.

Some earlier genealogies of Chinese in Natuna Islands recorded that the Qing soldiers wiped out the Nanming regime in the south after entering the customs, and hundreds of remnant soldiers who insisted on resisting the Qing Dynasty and hundreds of fishermen who refused to obey the Manchu rule fled to a small group of islands in Nanyang-Natuna Islands later named by the Dutch!

At that time, the Natuna Islands were just a wasteland. China people came to this land to cut thorns and turn it into a paradise. Natuna Islands became an independent native state of China people.

But/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, after the death of Zhang (also known as the king), the leader of Natuna Island, internal disputes occurred, and the Dutch took the opportunity to destroy Zhang's kingdom. After Indonesia became independent from the Netherlands, Natuna Islands failed to become independent from Indonesia, just like Singapore. Una information

This place, which originally belonged to China people, has now become Indonesian territory. It hurts when you see it!

4. Kingdom of Siam

The founder of the Wuli Dynasty in Thailand was Zheng Xin (1734- 1782) from China, who was born in a big city in Thailand and was known as "the Great Believer" or "the Great Wuli Emperor" in history.

Zheng Xin's father Yongzheng is from Huafu Village, Pudu (now Shang Hua Town), Chenghai County, China. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, he crossed Siam in the south and lived in Ayutthaya (a big city). Marry a Siamese woman and give birth to Zheng Xin.

After Yongzheng's death, Zheng Xin was adopted by Siam ministers and received traditional Thai education. When he grew up, he went into politics, lived in Gambi Prefecture and was knighted.

1763, Myanmar invaded Siam, and Zheng Xin led the troops to defend the capital of Siam. Four years later, the Burmese army captured the capital of Siam, and Dacheng Dynasty perished.

Zheng Xin established base areas in the southeast coastal areas, organized insurgents, recovered big cities, and moved the capital to annex Wu Li.

On February 28th, he became king, which was the famous dynasty of Wu Li. Subsequently, the separatist forces in various places were eliminated. Three years later, Siam was unified and Cambodia was expanded again and again militarily. He also sent envoys to Beijing to enter the Qing court.

1782 On April 7th, Zheng Xin was killed in a palace coup. General Chakri, who returned to Beijing from the front line of Cambodia, came to power and established the Bangkok dynasty.

The Thai government stipulates that 65438+February 28th every year is King Zheng's Day.

5. Wu of Malaysia

Wu Yang (1717-1784), also known as Wu Rang, is the founder of the Malay language Wu State. Originally from Xixing Village, Shantang Township, Haicheng County, Zhangzhou District, Fujian Province.

The kingdom of Wu in Malaysia evolved into today's Songkhla in Malaysia.

1750, he went to Songkhla (now Thailand) in the south of Siam to make a living. Songkhla used to be a desolate area. Wu Yang led overseas Chinese to develop and cultivate, which made Songkhla prosper gradually. Therefore, Wu Yang is called the first person in Songkhla. 1769, Emperor Zheng of Siam led his troops south to discuss the rebellion against Luokun. Wu Yang took the opportunity to ask him to be a bird's nest tax collector on Duansi Island and Wudao Island, and was willing to pay 5 1 kg of silver every year. Emperor Zheng allowed him to ask for a viscount. Zheng Huangjia was loyal, and in 1775, Chao Mu was appointed as the city's Lord, and the king was named Qili Zanmu, and the government set up Song Lian. It ruled Songkhla and Maharaja, Seriu, Dani and Terengganu, and four states in Malaysia, namely Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Glass City. 1784, Wu Yang died.

6. The founding monarch of the "Dragonfly" country

Zhang Lian, the founding monarch of Dragonfly. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Rao Ping, Han nationality, was born in an ominous year and died at 1563. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566), he killed his father and went to Zhengba and Xiaojun in Tai Po. After Zheng Ba died, he was promoted to leader. Later, due to the failure of the uprising, he led the rest of the troops to divert water from Xiaoyun River to the sea and joined forces with the maritime armed forces to continue to fight against the Ming government. Later, he moved south, seized Sanyuan Island (now Sumatra), became king on his own, occupied the old port, Johor, Malacca and other places, cultivated and fished, and was called the captain. Zhangzhou people, Quanzhou people and overseas Chinese immigrants are all attached to him.

7. Java Shunta Country

In the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1279), Zhang Shijie was defeated by the Song Dynasty, and left Prime Minister Lu Xiufu (from Yancheng, Jiangsu) died because his young emperor jumped into the sea. His youngest son, Lu (No.Fu Song) and other adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty fled to Nanyang, Java Island by boat.

Lu was elected as the leader and became the leader of the country. As a result of social progress, China people have gradually entered the world. Now, China is not only a country, but also a Chinese world (just like the Arab world). Whether China people want to build a country in the future remains to be seen. 20 15-06-05 interesting history