Background of Tianmenling campaign

In 696 AD, the Koguryo regime, which had lived in the northeast of China for 700 years, was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty, which broke the political balance in this area. After Goguryeo perished, Dazuo Rong moved to Yingzhou with his father Qi Zhongxiang.

Historical background

In 668 (the first year of Tang Gaozong's reign), the Koguryo regime, which had been entrenched in the northeast of China for 700 years, was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty, which objectively created a historical opportunity for the rise of the nation.

The Tang Dynasty and Silla jointly destroyed Koguryo, and then the two sides had differences on the division of land and population in Koguryo.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty not only acquired most of Koguryo's territory, but also forced nearly 400,000 Koguryo adherents to move to the counties in the Central Plains, which triggered strong resistance from Koguryo people.

Silla, who was dissatisfied with the success of the Tang Dynasty, also took the opportunity to compete with it and clashed with the Tang Dynasty many times.

At the same time, the demise of Goguryeo relieved the worries of Khitan, Xi and other East Hu Shiwei ministries, and these tribal forces rose in succession, joining hands with the newly established post-Turkic khanate in the northern grassland to compete with the Tang Dynasty.

Yingzhou rebellion

Since the 4th century AD, the Qidan nationality has been distributed from the north of Yanshan Mountain to the west of Liaoning Province, and gradually formed an eight-nation alliance.

By the middle of the 6th century, there were about 200,000 people. In 648 AD (the 22nd year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan), Kekehan, the leader of the Qidan League, requested "attachment", and the Tang Dynasty conferred Kekehan as the governor of Songmo County (now Changli, Hebei Province) and gave him the surname Li.

After 679 AD, the Turkic Khanate joined forces with Xi people to attack the Quang Ninh Line in Tang Ying. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Dezhong, the grandson of Khan, a grotto brother, was appointed as the general at the end of the Song Dynasty, and his brother Kumo Li was appointed as the secretariat of Han Dan.

At the same time, Sun Wanrong, who was related to him by marriage, was appointed as the secretariat of Guicheng County, hoping to resist the post-Turks with the help of the local strongmen of Qidan and Yingzhou.

Wu Zhou Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. Zhao, the satrap of Yingzhou, wantonly invaded the Khitans and regarded them as slaves, which caused them to be "loyal and resentful". According to "Zi Jian", in May of the first year of Long Live Tian Tong (AD 696), Zhao was "starved" in Yingzhou and "could not send money according to the warehouse", which led to the collapse of the Qi Dynasty. Li devoted himself to rebellion, sent troops to Sun Wanrong, and attacked Yingzhou and Youzhou, where ethnic minorities were imprisoned.

Historically, this incident was called "Yingzhou Rebellion".

The news of Li's loyalty and Sun Wanrong's rebellion soon spread to Luoyang, and Wu Zetian was very angry. "The imperial edict changed Wanrong to ten thousand beheadings, and loyalty destroyed relatives." "Imperial edict instructions, general Yang Wei Cao, general Si Nong centaur led the troops to discuss our time", and Li Duozuo, who was still at the front line of Su Shui, was recruited as the inside man.

However, this is a bad start. In early August, when the Crusaders arrived in the mangshi Valley, they were ambushed and defeated by the rebels, and the general and Ma became prisoners. Xiaguan Shangshu Wang Xiaojie and Zuo Yulin's general Su Honghui led 70,000 troops to conquer and failed again. Wang Xiaojie died and Su Honghui fled back. Take advantage of the situation to break into the secluded state where ethnic minorities are imprisoned.

The Tang Dynasty and Silla jointly destroyed Koguryo, and then the two sides had differences on the division of land and population in Koguryo. After his death, Yang and others led the troops to break the Khitan in the Tang Dynasty, and Wanrong was killed.

In 700 AD, Li Jiegu and Wu Luo led the army to pacify the rest of the Khitan.