Detailed information on the Sea of ??Marmara

The Sea of ??Marmara (English name: Sea of ??Marmara, Turkish: Marmara Denizi), historically known as Propontis. Turkey's inland sea is a section of the dividing line between Asia and Europe in Turkey. It communicates with the Black Sea via the Bosporus Strait in the northeast and the Aegean Sea in the southwest via the Dardanelles Strait. The rest is surrounded by Turkish territory and is the only passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to the Turkish Strait (also known as the Black Sea Strait).

With an area of ??11,350 square kilometers, it is the smallest sea in the world, with an average depth of about 494 meters, also translated as the Sea of ??Marmora. The average salinity is 22. There are two archipelagos in the sea, and there are frequent earthquakes. The Kyzil Islands are in the northeast, close to Istanbul, and are a tourist resort; the Marmara Islands are in the southwest, facing the Kaperdae Peninsula. Marble, granite and slate have been mined since ancient times, and the towns along the coast are prosperous industrial and agricultural centers, some of which are tourist attractions.

Without the Sea of ??Marmara, the Black Sea would be just a lake. The Bosporus, Sea of ??Marmara, and Dardanelles are collectively known as the Turkish Cannal. Basic introduction Chinese name: Marmara Overseas name: Sea of ??Marmara Area: 11,350 square kilometers Average depth: 494 meters Deepest depth: 1,335 meters Sea water temperature: 5~25℃ Neighboring countries: Turkey and the Republic of China Historical evolution, Geographic environment, location and realm, geological conditions, topography, island and reef distribution, climate characteristics, surrounding cities, city names, architectural features, tourist information, historical evolution "Marmara" means marble (Μ?ρμαρα) in Greek ), and there are Marmara Islands near the Sea of ??Marmara, which are rich in marble, hence the name. The Sea of ??Marmara is a transportation hub for the three continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and a shortcut between the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Therefore, it plays an extremely important role economically, politically, and militarily. The Mediterranean has long been a site of contention between great powers. At the beginning of the 18th century, Britain regarded the Sea of ??Marmara as its "inner lake". When Napoleon was rampaging across Europe in the early 19th century, he wanted to seize British control of the Mediterranean. During World War I, the Mediterranean became an area of ??active naval activity for both warring parties. During World War II, the German and Italian navies had a fierce battle with Britain over the Sea of ??Marmara in the Mediterranean. Today, Western powers are engaged in an increasingly fierce competition in the Mediterranean. Since World War II, the U.S. Sixth Fleet has been based in the Mediterranean, and naval vessels from some major Western powers have often cruised here, exacerbating tensions. Judging from the number of ships, today’s Mediterranean Sea has become the sea area with the highest density of warships of some Western military powers. In order to protect the country's sovereignty and security, Türkiye requires all fleets and military bases of major military powers to withdraw from the Sea of ??Marmara. Geographical environment Location and realm The Sea of ??Marmara is 270 kilometers long from east to west, about 70 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of ??11,000 square kilometers. It is only equivalent to 4.5 Taihu Lakes in my country and is the smallest sea in the world. Geological conditions The Sea of ??Marmara is one of the strongest seismic zones in the world. The underwater crust here is broken, earthquakes and volcanoes are frequent, and the world-famous Mount Vesuvius and Mount Etna are located in this area. The seabed of the Sea of ??Marmara is undulating, with ridges and basins staggered in distribution. It is bounded by the Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and Tunisia in Africa, dividing the Mediterranean Sea into east and west parts. The seabed topography is rugged, with great differences in depth. It is only a few dozen meters (such as the northern Adriatic Sea), and the deepest can reach more than 4,000 meters (such as the Ionian Sea). In some places, the difference in water depth between the bow and stern of a sailing ship is as much as four to five hundred meters. Since the Sea of ??Marmara is a large intercontinental sea, it has warm and rainy winters, hot and dry summers, high seawater temperatures, and very strong evaporation, making the seawater salinity as high as about 39‰. Salt production has become a major requirement for coastal countries. an important economic activity. The amount of evaporation here greatly exceeds the amount of precipitation and river water supply. It is calculated that within a year, evaporation can lower the sea level by 1.5 meters. If the Strait of Gibraltar is closed, the Sea of ??Marmara will dry up in about 3000. However, the Mediterranean Sea still exists because of its special exchange of water bodies.

Due to the difference in seawater temperature and the difference in salinity between the seawater and the Atlantic seawater, regular exchanges of seawater between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean can occur. Atlantic seawater with low salt content flows into the Mediterranean Sea from the surface of the Strait of Gibraltar, replenishing the water source that has been evaporated. Mediterranean seawater with high salt content sinks and flows into the Atlantic Ocean from the lower layer of the Strait of Gibraltar, forming a seawater circulation. However, due to the geographical environment of the Mediterranean Sea, which is almost surrounded by land, it has caused serious obstacles to this circulation. The mixing of oxygen and nutrients that marine life depends on for survival is seriously blocked, making life in the Sea of ??Marmara more difficult than in other continental sea areas. The main reason why living things are rare. The topography and landforms of the coast are steep, with an average depth of 183 meters and a maximum depth of 1,355 meters. The Sea of ??Marmara is located between the Asia Minor Peninsula in Asia and the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. It is an inland sea formed by the subsidence of the fault between the Eurasian continent. The coast is steep, with an average depth of 183 meters and a maximum depth of 1,335 meters. Some of the original peaks emerged from the water and became islands. The island is rich in marble. The Greek word "Marmara" means marble. Marmara Island, the largest island in the sea, is also named after marble. On the left coast is the town of Gallipoli, which looks quite gloomy and has almost the same style as the northern Swedish towns, except of course for the towering white minaret. Each house has the same red spire as a Nordic house, with a small garden. They are ancient in style and dark in color. There is a wooden balcony over the door, painted red, with windows hanging over the wall. The whole place has some dark and decadent atmosphere. There are several buildings close to the sea. The wind and waves there are very strong and the sea breeze is biting. I have never encountered such a cold sea breeze on my way south. ——I think I can experience what coldness is. There are lighthouses on the coasts of Europe and Asia; short, desolate cliffs with little vegetation stretch out from Gallipoli into a flat green field, like the scenery of Denmark. On the coast of Asia, there are endless hills, one row after another. Distribution of Islands and Reefs The islands in the Sea of ??Marmara are rich in marble. There are two archipelagos in the sea: Kyzyl Islands in the northeast, close to Istanbul, which is a tourist resort; Marmara Islands in the southwest, across from the Kaperdaea Peninsula. Marmara Island has been mining marble for a long time. The towns along the coast are prosperous industrial and agricultural centers with beautiful scenery. They are Turkey's tourist attractions. Climatic characteristics 1. The climate characteristics of the Sea of ??Marmara are controlled by the westerly winds in winter, with frequent frontal cyclone activity, a mild climate, the coldest monthly average temperature between 4-10°C, and abundant precipitation. In summer, under the control of subtropical high pressure, the airflow sinks, resulting in a hot and dry climate with few clouds and abundant sunshine. The annual precipitation is 300-1000 mm, accounting for about 60%-70% in the winter half of the year and only 30%-40% in the summer half of the year. The climate characteristics of winter rain and summer dryness are unique among various climate types in the world. Sea of ??Marmara 2. Typical climate causes The climate of the Sea of ??Marmara is mainly controlled by the westerly wind belt in winter and frequent frontal cyclone activity; in summer it is controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt and the air flow sinks. Among the more than ten climate types in the world, among the climate types that are alternately controlled by air pressure belts and wind belts throughout the year, in addition to the Marmara Sea climate, there are savanna climates (equatorial low pressure belts and trade wind belts are alternately controlled) and tropical deserts. Climate (alternately controlled by trade wind belts and subtropical high pressure belts). The climate controlled by the westerly winds throughout the year is a temperate maritime climate. The analysis shows that the examination of the causes of climate in the Sea of ??Marmara not only examined students' understanding of the subtropical high pressure belt (the maximum latitude range of influence is 20 to 40 degrees north and south latitude) and the westerly belt (the maximum latitude range of influence is 30 to 60 degrees north and south latitude) To understand the distribution situation, we also examined the movement of air pressure belts and wind belts. It can be said that if students can accurately understand the causes of the climate in the Sea of ??Marmara, it should be easy to understand other climates. 3. Extensive climate distribution The climate distribution pattern of the Sea of ??Marmara is located on the west coast of the continent between 30 and 40 degrees north and south latitude. The Sea of ??Marmara climate is the only climate type that exists on every continent in the world except Antarctica. Among the areas where the Sea of ??Marmara climate is distributed, the coast of the Sea of ??Marmara is the most obvious. Other areas include the California coast in North America, central Chile in South America, the Cape of Good Hope region at the southern tip of Africa, and the southwestern and southeastern coasts of Australia. Most of its distribution areas have relatively developed economies and are also hot spots in the world. Surrounding cities City names: Istanbul, Loniki, Bursa, úsküdar.

Architectural Features There are many countries surrounding the Sea of ??Marmara with different folk customs, but the unique climate characteristics still give the Mediterranean styles of each country some consistent characteristics. Usually, "Mediterranean style" homes will use the following design elements: white plaster walls, continuous arcades and arches, ceramic tiles, sea blue roof tiles, doors and windows. Of course, design elements cannot be simply pieced together, there must be a style soul running through them. The soul of the Mediterranean style, the current consensus is "the romantic feelings of azure, the pure beauty of nature where the sea and sky are the same color, and the sun shines high". Tourist Information There is the Dardanelles Strait and the Sea of ??Marmara. The whole flat green field looks like the scenery of Denmark. On the coast of Asia, there are endless hills, one row after another. The sea breeze and high tides were hitting us, dark clouds were rolling over the Sea of ??Marmara and waves were splashing. The turbid waves crashed onto the bow of the ship and turned into heavy rain, splashing over the faces of the Turks sitting there. One of them was soaked to the skin. He shook out his cloak and then took off the three-layered hat on his head. The outer layer was already filled with water. It is known that all Turks wear their hair in a high bun, so that when the world comes to an end, the angel of salvation can grab hold of it and pull them out of their graves. This man wears three layers of hats on his head, the inner layer is a white nightcap, the second layer is a small red cylindrical hat, and then a large red cylindrical hat covers the top, with a strand of silk tassel hanging down. I thought it was a good time to sail, but the wind was as unbearably cold as in the north. We soon lost sight of the shore, either on the European or Asian shores. We are moving quickly towards the island of Marmara, which is beautiful and proud of the windy sea. After lunch, we have entered its lee, where the sea is calmer. The sun was setting, illuminating its beautiful tree-lined grounds and hill-like white marble buildings. I was reminded of "One Thousand and One Nights". Although the sea was cold, I felt as if I was in the scenes described in its strange stories. If this clay pony and the bird behind the horse's ears came to life, they immediately transformed into a tall horse and carried little Zoleka and me to the island of Marmara; as soon as it touched the ground, she immediately turned into a comrade. She is now such a beautiful young girl, with two dark eyes radiating like the sun. ——I don’t think I will be surprised by these changes. But this clay pony cannot come to life, so it cannot rise into the sky. The waves were getting higher and higher, and I had to go back to the cabin and lie down, even though it was not yet half past seven in the evening. The icy Marmara Sea blocked the ship's progress step by step, so every rib of it was rattling, and it seemed as if the entire ship's beams were about to be torn apart. Time is crawling like a snail. Every time I look at the clock, the long hand rarely moves past half an hour - it will be a long night! Then I fell asleep while the ship was dancing in the waves of the Sea of ??Marmara!