Longxi people are famous families in ancient times.

The ethnic composition of Longxi Corridor is complex. The frontier ethnic groups active in Longxi Corridor in ancient times finally merged with other ethnic groups, but in modern times, they are no longer recorded in history. However, in today's ethnic groups, especially Tibetans, we can still see the frontier strong ethnic groups, which fully reflects the vigorous vitality of the frontier strong ethnic groups. At present, the nationalities in Longxi Corridor are mainly descendants of immigrants and indigenous nationalities who intermarried in different historical periods, and all ethnic groups form a distribution pattern of large mixed residence and small settlement, showing inclusive characteristics. Due to the different religious beliefs of all ethnic groups, the religious pattern of Longxi Corridor also presents the characteristics of staggered distribution.

In addition to the Miao and Qiang descendants mentioned above, the ethnic groups active in Longxi Corridor mainly include Han, Tibetan, Hui, Dongxiang, Salar and Baoan.

The Han people who first entered the Longxi Corridor were soldiers and civilians guarding the border during the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the eighth year of Qin Shihuang (239 BC), he moved to Lintao (now Lintan, Gansu), Angu (now Lintao South, Gansu), Lintao (now Lintan, Gansu), Biandao (now northwest of Lixian, Gansu) and Qiangdao (now Zhouqu, Gansu). During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Beiyan Qiang was attacked by Xiongnu, joined the Han Dynasty under the leadership of Liu He, defended longxi village, and moved to Didao (now Lintao, Gansu) one after another, and settled in the south of Longxi Corridor, gradually forming a population distribution situation in which the foreign Han population and the nomadic tribes of Qiang settled and merged. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of Han troops moved westward, and immigrants flooded the border. In the sixth year of Yuanshou (1 17 BC), Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty established Qiangdao County, which was located in Pingding Township, Zhouqu County. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, with the Ming army's westward expedition, it was considered that "Tao Min is the barrier of Gansu, controlling Hehuang and attracting Songdie, which is the most important thing." Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, moved a large number of residents from Yingtianfu, Fengyang and Dingyuan to Tao Min to station fields and defend the border. The Han population in Zhouqu is a military household who migrated from Shanxi and Shaanxi in the early Ming Dynasty. There is also a saying that there are 300 households in the ancient city. In order to evolve local clans, as many as 17 "sample people" migrated from Qishan, Shaanxi Province to Tao Min and Xigu in the Ming Dynasty. These soldiers and civilians became the main body of the Han nationality in Longxi Corridor, and this period was also the peak period for the Han nationality in the Central Plains to enter Longxi Corridor.

The Tibetans in Longxi Corridor were formed by the integration of the Tibetan army and the local frontier strong indigenous peoples during the Tang Dynasty and the Tubo War from the 7th century to the 9th century. "Min Zhou Zhi" records: "The students under the jurisdiction of Yang Tusi are called Tiebu. The west of the iron cloth is called Zhuogua. Translated into Sanskrit, the outstanding one is true; Iron cloth is not real. Some Gai Han people got married by adoption, while others avoided officers and criminals during the war and thought it was not true. [1] "They mainly live in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Longnan City. The Tibetan language spoken by Tibetans belongs to the Tibetan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family and is Amdo dialect.

There are three sources of Hui people in Longxi Corridor: First, people from the western regions who were "happy in the rivers and lakes but did not return" in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Second, in the Yuan Dynasty, conscripts, artisans, Uyghur woodsmen and others in the western regions. Third, immigrants since the Ming and Qing Dynasties [2]. They mainly live in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Lintan County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and other counties also live there. The language they speak is the northwest dialect of China.

Dongxiang people call themselves "Salta", which was captured and incorporated by Genghis Khan and his successors in the Western Expedition in the late 1920s. They believe in Islam in Central Asia and West Asia. They were stationed in Dongxiang area of Hezhou with the Mongolian army, and then they got married by "joining the society" and prospered. Later, through intermarriage and religious belief, it gradually merged with the local Mongolians and Hans, forming a new national identity [3]. Dongxiang people live in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province. They have language but no writing, and the Dongxiang language they speak belongs to the Mongolian language of the Mongolian language family.

Salars call themselves "Salars" and migrated eastward from Samarkand in Central Asia in the Yuan Dynasty. After settling in Xunhua, Qinghai, it merged with other ethnic groups and gradually developed. Salar people have language but no writing, and the Salar language they speak belongs to Turkic language family of Altai language family and Oguz language family of West Xiongnu language family [4]. Mainly living in Dahejia, Baoan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County, Jishishan, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province.

The Baoan nationality in Longxi Corridor was formed by the long-term contact between the Semu people who believed in Islam and the Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui and Tu nationalities in the Yuan Dynasty [5]. Baoan mainly lives in Jishishan Baoan Dongxiang Salar Autonomous County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province. The Baoan people have a language but no writing, and the security language they speak belongs to the Mongolian language family.

The religions in Longxi Corridor mainly include Tibetan Buddhism and Islam. In addition, there are Han folk beliefs and Christianity (Protestantism). Tibetans believe in Tibetan Buddhism, Hui, Dongxiang, Salar, Baoan and other ethnic groups believe in Islam, and some Han people believe in Christianity in addition to folk beliefs. Professor Wang Jianxin believes that "Hexi Corridor, Tibetan-Yi Corridor and Lingnan Corridor each have a main religion that spreads across nationalities and cultures, forming a basic pattern of the integration of foreign religions and local social and cultural systems. Islam in the northwest corridor and the social culture of all ethnic groups in the inland areas form an interactive integration; Tibetan Buddhism in the Tibetan-Yi Corridor is interactive and integrated with the social culture of various ethnic groups in mountainous areas and canyons such as eastern Tibet, western Sichuan and Hengduan Mountains. [6] "Longxi Corridor plays an intermediary role between Hexi Corridor and Tibetan-Yi Corridor, which will inevitably become the dividing line between the dominant religion Islam in Hexi Corridor and Tibetan Buddhism in Tibetan-Yi Corridor, forming two major religious and cultural areas of Tibetan Buddhism and Islam. The Tibetan Buddhist religious cultural area is centered on Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which is known as "Little Tibet", and the Islamic religious cultural area is centered on Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, which is known as "Maijiajia". The religious cultural areas of Han folk beliefs are not only centered in Longnan City and Dingxi City, but also mixed with Tibetan Buddhist religious cultural areas and Islamic religious cultural areas, forming a distribution pattern of "you have me, I have you" in these two religious cultural areas. As the three main religions in Longxi Corridor, Tibetan Buddhism, Islam and Han folk beliefs have their own centers and are intertwined, which constitute three types of religious culture in Longxi Corridor.

In short, after the Ming Dynasty brought the Longxi Corridor under the jurisdiction of the central government, a large number of Han people entered the Longxi Corridor in the form of military camps, including a certain number of Muslim soldiers and civilians. These soldiers and civilians lived in important towns and passes, which isolated Fan people, strengthened the management of Fan people by enfeoffment of Tusi, and strengthened the political pattern of Longxi Corridor in the form of state power, thus affecting the ethnic and religious pattern. Gradually, the ethnic pattern with Han, Tibetan and Hui as the main body has been formed, and the religious pattern is correspondingly manifested in the parallel of folk beliefs, Tibetan Buddhism and Islam, forming three types of religious culture and constructing the ethnic and religious landscape of Longxi Corridor.

Longxi Wenhua Li

Located in the west of Longshan City and beside the Weishui River, the county is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization in China and also the birthplace of Chinese plum. In the long history, the majestic Longshan Mountain and the vast Weihe River gave birth to the rich and long-standing Li culture in Longxi, which is an important part of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation and one of the four major cultures in Gansu, which are equally famous as Dunhuang culture, Tianshui Fuxi culture and Labuleng Temple Tibetan Buddhism culture.

Longxi is the birthplace of the Li clan, or because of taboo, Longxi County was abolished in the Tang Dynasty, but the word "Longxi" has always been remembered by the world as a symbol of the surname Li in the Tang Dynasty.