The Origin of Gaocheng Temple Village

I. Location of the Shang Dynasty Royal Silk Workshop

Gaocheng is the location of the silk workshop operated by the royal family in Shang Dynasty. This can be confirmed from the cultural relics of Shang Dynasty site in Taixi, Gaocheng, the book Exploration of the History of Science and Technology in China, and the commodity exchange of Xia and Shang nationalities.

For example, "Exploration of the History of Science and Technology in China" said: "1973, 1974 excavated Shang Dynasty ruins in Taixi Village, Gaocheng County, Hebei Province. In addition to hemp fabric, it is also found that five fiber silk fabrics are glued together with a bronze "ribbon"; At the same time, the bronze axe "shovel" (iron blade) is also glued together with silk. Inspection and analysis show that these silks are household silks. It is concluded that silkworms were raised in Shang dynasty, and the weaving technology of silk and hemp fiber has improved from sawing to using pedal wood machine. That is, using the lever principle, jacquard is carried out by controlling the lifting movement of heald through pedal wood. This was the most advanced textile technology in the world at that time, which was initiated by the ancestors of Gaocheng.

The Shang nationality is business-oriented. "Silk dresses worn by the 30,000 women's dance teams in Xia Jie" were all bought by "thin women workers" in Yi Yin with grain from Xia Jie. (3) Before the summer, the activity area of Shang nationality was in Gaocheng County and the area north of Zhanghe River in Handan, and the hometown of Shang nationality was in Hebei. The merchant's name was also named after living in the Zhanghe River Basin (the word Zhang Shang was indistinguishable in ancient times). When Shang Tang went to Zu Ti after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he moved his capital to Xing (now southwest of Xingtai), and Gaocheng may be the logistics department; At the same time, there are Shang dynasty sites in the former Xiguan of Qiubei. It shows that in Gaocheng County, agriculture, mulberry, sericulture and silk weaving began in Shang Dynasty.

According to the book Exploration of the History of Science and Technology in China, in the Neolithic Age, China began to raise silkworms by farming and mulberry. A Neolithic pottery silkworm chrysalis was unearthed in Zhangzhuang, Zhengding South, adjacent to the western part of Taiwan. The appearance is yellow, 2 cm long, 0.8 cm wide and 0.8 cm high. It is oval and looks like a real silkworm chrysalis.

In the early Neolithic period, Emperor Yan Shennong's "teaching people to plow the fields, and Japan and China are the cities" was the era, and in the late Neolithic period, Emperor Xuanyuan's "ruling the world with clothes" was the era. Legend has it that one day the Huangdi tribe celebrated its victory and suddenly saw a girl in a horse skin falling from the sky. I saw it holding two bundles of silk in its hand, shining with gold and silvery white luster. She smiled and presented these two bunches of silk to the Yellow Emperor. From then on, Huang Di's wife Lei Zu picked mulberry and raised silkworms. Through the two stories of "Silkworm God offers silk to the Yellow Emperor" and "Luo Zu raises silkworms", it is shown that our ancestors began to raise silkworms and spin silks by farming at the end of the primitive society of Neolithic Age. Therefore, in the slave society of Xia, Shang and Shang dynasties, the textile technology changed from ground saw to jacquard weaving with lever principle to control the lifting of healds. The Yellow Emperor established his capital in Zhuolu, Jizhou. Gaocheng is a place where ancient Jizhou was rich in agriculture and silkworm spinning, and it was also a battleground for ancient strategists. Therefore, the Shang Dynasty fiber fabrics unearthed in Taixi can glimpse its historical development process. Without the Neolithic "Yellow Emperor giving silk", there would be no superb silk weaving technology of Shang ancestors. At the same time, there are many kinds of cultural relics unearthed from Taixi site, especially in addition to daily necessities, there are three cultural relics used by military commanders: "general's helmet", "projectile" and "iron-edged bronze cymbals"; Medicinal materials "peach kernel" and "Yuliren". Medical device "sickle"; "Iron slag" and "iron ore" in smelters; Lacquerware, wood products, textiles, wool and other "knives", "hemp" and "silk". It reflects that the owner of the tomb is the head of the logistics department of the Shang royal family and the housekeeper of the royal silk workshop or handicraft industry.

Secondly, Gaocheng was the base for raising war horses in Shang Dynasty and later generations.

Shang's hometown is in the Hutuo River and Zhanghe River basins in Hebei Province. The cultural relics unearthed from Taixi Shang Dynasty site in Gaocheng show that Gaocheng is the logistics department of Shang royal family. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, Shang Wang had many livestock, including 384 deer in one hunting and 300 or 400 livestock in one sacrifice. There are also records of raising 50 war horses in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The word "horse" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has gold beside it, indicating that it is as precious as gold and can be used for hunting, fighting and driving of Shang royal families. Unfortunately, there is no record of raising horses in Shang Dynasty in the annals of Gaocheng.

However, history is inherited and continued. "Gaocheng Zhi" recorded the situation of raising horses in the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 13). In the section of Ma Zheng, it is recorded that "three households should raise a mare" (male) and five households should raise a mare ". Gaocheng County adopted 94 stallions and 376 mares; People who keep horses are semi-exempt from food and grass; The government has medical and livestock personnel and management personnel, and the "horse administration is a county order". Horses are used in the army and post stations.

Third, judging from the word "Yun", Gaocheng is the logistics department of the government.

Boren is the official name of the Zhou Dynasty. "Zhou Li" records: there are six officials in Zhou; Celestial officials, local officials, spring officials, summer officials, Qiu Guan officials and winter officials. "The local judge is in charge of the national religion." "Bo people" is a subordinate organization of local officials, in charge of grain, grass, wine and meat (cattle, sheep and horses), bow and arrow weapons, etc. Zheng Sinong said: "You are a teacher's master, a glutton, a straw and a dry arrow. This official is the official of the crossbow and arrow bow. " ⑦