List the four boundaries of the Qing Dynasty.

1, the east and Japan, Ryukyu is divided into the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, and the Korean dynasty is along the Tumen River and Yalu River.

2. The border between due north and Russia is Sayan Ridge, Shabinayi Ridge, Chaktu and Ergon River; Northwest China and Kazakh khanate are divided into Sayanling, Zhaisanpo, Ala Lake, Issyk-Kul Lake and Balkhash Lake to Pamir Plateau. Northeast China and Russian Empire are divided into Ergon River, Gerbizi River and Outer Xing 'an Mountains, and this boundary line reaches the Sea of Okhotsk and Sakhalin Island.

3. Due south is roughly similar to the border between China people and Southeast Asian countries, but the Qing Dynasty still acquired Namkham and Jiangxinpo in northern Myanmar. Southwest China and Indian Mughal Empire, Nepal, Bhutan and other countries divide the Himalayas into savage mountain; The Qing Dynasty also owned Taiwan Province Province, Penghu, Hainan and the South China Sea Islands. ?

4. Southwest to Tawang in Tibet, Nankan and Jiangxinpo in Yunnan Province, north of Myanmar, and west to Aral Sea and Jungle Lake, including Xinjiang and Balkhash Lake in Central Asia today.

Extended data

Qing dynasty economy

agriculture

In the Qing Dynasty, reclamation of wasteland, emigration to frontier areas and promotion of new crops were adopted to increase production. Due to the promotion of domestic and foreign trade, economy and agriculture are also more developed. In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to alleviate class contradictions and implement the policy of rewarding land reclamation and reducing taxes, the social economy of the mainland and frontier areas developed to some extent. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the feudal economy of the Qing Dynasty had reached a new peak.

There is a saying that the increase of economy and population in Qing Dynasty is mainly attributed to the American crop sweet potato, and the so-called "Kanggan Prosperity" is called "Sweet Potato Prosperity". In this way, the centralized autocratic system is more rigorous, with strong national strength and stable order. In the early Qing dynasty, vicious policies such as enclosure and land occupation were vigorously promoted, which greatly destroyed the economy of the Central Plains. Emphasis on agriculture and restraint on commerce have restricted the development of capitalism.

manufacture

In the handicraft industry, the slave system of craftsmen was changed to the tax service system. Textile and porcelain are the most important industries, with cotton weaving surpassing silk weaving. Porcelain is painted on porcelain tires with enamel, and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi is the center of porcelain.

business

In Qing dynasty, commerce was developed, and it was divided into ten business gangs. Among them, Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants dominate China's financial industry, while Fujian merchants and Chaozhou merchants master overseas trade. The Qing Dynasty once implemented the policy of sea ban, and it was not until the occupation of Taiwan Province Province that the coastal trade was slightly active, and the currency adopted the dual standard of silver and copper. In the late Kangxi period, in order to prevent rebellion, the policy of banning mines was implemented, which hindered the development of industry and commerce to some extent.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty