How did the Russian national name come from?

1953 During the first national census, more than 400 ethnic groups were registered. This year, among these self-registered ethnic names, * * * confirmed 38 ethnic names, including "Russian". So how did the name "Russia" come from? In the book "Ethnic Identification in China" edited by Guangxue Huang, it is said: "In the ethnic identification work in Xinjiang, the name" naturalized nationality "imposed on Russians before the founding of New China was renamed as Russian nationality ..." In the same book, the author also said: "Naturalized nationality was originally Russian nationality. ..... In order to implement the policy of ethnic equality and eliminate ethnic discrimination, the people's government restored their original ethnic names and renamed them Russians. "

The prerequisite for Russians to become minorities in China is that they become citizens of China. If Russians living in China still have Russian nationality, or have no nationality, or have the nationality of other countries, then this issue cannot be discussed.

As we know, people of Russian descent living in China are divided into two parts, one is pure Russian and the other is mixed-race Russian. There is no question of Chinese-Russian hybrids joining China nationality, because Chinese-Russian hybrids born in China already have China nationality, while Chinese-Russian hybrids born in Russia immigrated to China as overseas Chinese. Therefore, this problem only exists in pure-blood Russians, because they have Russian nationality or no nationality, and they are Russian nationals living in China.

This problem first appeared in 1924. On May 3 1 this year, the Soviet Government and the Beiyang Government of China signed the Outline Agreement on the Settlement of Outstanding Cases between China and Russia, and "the Government of the Republic of China and the Soviet Government resumed normal diplomatic relations". After the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union, Russian nationals living in China must change their original nationality to Soviet nationality if they are Russian nationals. On August 15, the Consul General of the Soviet Union in Harbin, La Fund, presented a notice asking those old Russian nationals who are willing to join the Soviet Union to register their nationality at the Consulate General of the Soviet Union in Harbin within two days, otherwise they will not be recognized as Soviet nationals. As a result, some old Russian nationals joined Soviet nationality, while others refused to join Soviet nationality and became stateless nationals. On September 20th, representatives of the autonomous governments of the three northeastern provinces of China and the plenipotentiary representatives of the Soviet Union signed the Agreement on Serving Russia in Fengtian (now Shenyang), which enabled China and the Soviet Union to jointly manage the railways in the Middle East. 1On April 9, 925, Ivanov, director of the Middle East Railway Bureau, issued Order No.94, deciding to stop using railway employees other than China and the Soviet Union.

Many stateless expatriates working in the Middle East Railway had to become Soviet citizens in order to keep their jobs, while others became China citizens. So how many Russians are naturalized in China? The duckweed in the storm: Russian expatriates in China written by Li Xinggeng and others (19 17- 1945) and the History of Russian Overseas Chinese in Harbin written by Shi Fang, Liu Shuang and Gao Ling do not provide relevant figures.

In Xinjiang, at the beginning of 1926, five consulates of the Soviet Union in Xinjiang began to change the nationality of old Russian nationals to Soviet nationality, so some Russian nationals joined Soviet nationality. Yang Zengxin, who ruled Xinjiang at that time, based on the idea of "governing by doing nothing", did not set up another official for these stateless Belarusians except to choose their own township leaders (business chiefs), nor did he register their household registration and levy taxes on them. Yang Zengxin was stabbed to death in 1928 and was promoted to power. After Kim Jong Il took office, he ordered stateless Belarusians living in Xinjiang to either apply for residence permits or go through the formalities of "naturalization".

Some of them have gone through the naturalization procedure and obtained China citizenship. Those Belarusians who only apply for residence permits are still stateless nationals. According to the Xinjiang Government Gazette, 1930- 193 1 year, there are 56 households with 207 people in Urumqi, 90 households with 288 people in Tacheng and 500 households in Yili.

1933, Jin stepped down and took the stage. The first People's Congress of Xinjiang was held in 1934, and Russians who joined China nationality attended the meeting in the name of "naturalized nationality". 1935, at the Second People's Congress of Xinjiang, specific provisions were made on the division and appellation of ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and corresponding resolutions were adopted. Russians who are naturalized in China are officially called "naturalized people".

The word "nationality" first appeared in Chinese at the end of 19. After the founding of New China, in order to realize the political equality of all ethnic groups, the China government began to identify ethnic groups from 65438 to 0953. The so-called "ethnic identification" is to conduct on-the-spot investigation and scientific screening of self-identified self-reported ethnic groups to determine the legal status and official ethnic names of a single ethnic group (or ethnic branch). By 1979, * * * identified 55 ethnic minorities, with the Han nationality as the main ethnic group, forming the basic pattern of 56 ethnic groups in China, and the word "ethnic group" also gained a brand-new meaning in Chinese.