The influence of five dynasties and ten countries.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms had three main influences on the whole ancient history of China:

First, it promoted the expanded distribution of population, especially the Han population. Before the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Han nationality mainly distributed in the Central Plains, northern Jiangnan and the Western Regions. Due to the Huang Chao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the appearance of the following five dynasties (Later Liang Dynasty, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty and Later Zhou Dynasty), there were frequent wars and brutal killings within and between ethnic groups in the Central Plains for one hundred years, and a large number of Han people who originally lived in the Central Plains fled in various directions. Because the south was also in war, the Qiang people and Uighurs in the west were in the ascendant, exploiting and humiliating the Han population who moved westward in the Central Plains in all ways, so the Han people in the Central Plains finally fled. Wise qidan nobles didn't bully immigrants like Qiang people and Uighur people. Instead, they seized this opportunity, accepted a large number of Han immigrants, and even promoted Han culture throughout the country in order to attract more Han people, so that later historians found that the Liao country of Qidan was more like a Han country than those countries located in the five dynasties of the Central Plains (the later Liang Dynasty, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty and the later Han Dynasty). During the hundred years from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the Khitan received nearly ten million Han people, and nearly ten million Han people moved to the border of Khitan, that is, modern Jinzhong, Jizhong, western Liaoning and other places, ready to flee northward into Khitan at any time. The historical significance of this population migration is very great, which provided a population base for the later invasion of Qidan and the rise of Jurchen and Mongolia. It is also from this population migration that the population of Han people in Northeast China and Outer Xing 'an Mountains has surpassed the local ethnic minorities for the first time, becoming a big ethnic group in this region, laying the foundation for the ethnic pattern in Northeast China today.

second, promote ethnic integration. Three of the Five Dynasties (later Tang Dynasty, later Jin Dynasty and later Han Dynasty) were founded by the mysterious Shatuo people. "Shatuo", a nation without an authoritative conclusion so far, no one knows when and where he came to the Central Plains. When it appeared in historical records, it was already a prominent nation in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the Five Dynasties, there is no historical record that they were exterminated like the Jie people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but they are indeed into thin air, and they are never seen in the records of the Central Plains, the Western Regions, Turks, Mongolians and other parties. It seems that they suddenly flourished in the Central Plains, and then disappeared without a trace. Even after historians of later generations strongly classified them as a Turkic branch, it was difficult to determine what relationship they had with Turks and Han nationality according to the records of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and even it was inconclusive whether they were white or yellow, and finally they located mixed-race people. But there is no doubt that Shatuo is a very capable nation. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many Shatuo people, whether they were civil servants and military commanders or bullies. In the Five Dynasties, they even climbed to the top of Central Plains politics. The origin of this nation can't be determined, but his destination, most likely, is to integrate into the Han nationality and walk into the later Song Dynasty together.

thirdly, the idea of attaching importance to agriculture and light industry was diluted, which provided a social foundation for the labor force to take off in the later Song Dynasty, including science and technology, technology, finance and foreign trade. Emphasis on agriculture and light industry is the most respected by the Han people, but in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the three Shatuo regimes did not. They did not regard science and technology as "ingenious tricks", but highly respected them. A large number of minority artists promoted the extensive development of handicrafts, drove more Han people to participate in them, developed and improved many crafts, and provided first-hand "simple science even information" for the later Song Dynasty. Ethnic minorities are also more interested in trade and finance than Han people. Many of their attempts, including many failed attempts, provided the thinking mode and first-hand "experimental data" for the later Han economy. The exploration and protection of technology and non-agricultural economy was the most precious wealth left by the five generations of countries at that time for future generations.