Who knows the geographical features and historical overview of Kunming? tell me

Yunnan is located in the low latitude plateau, with a special geographical position and complex terrain. Yunnan borders Guizhou and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the east, Sichuan Province in the north, Xizang Autonomous Region in the northwest, Myanmar in the west and Laos and Viet Nam in the south. From the whole position, it borders the vast Asian continent in the north and the vast Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean in the south, which is just under the control of the southeast monsoon and southwest monsoon and influenced by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, thus forming a complex and diverse natural geographical environment.

Historical overview:

About 6.5438+0.7 million years ago, primitive people lived in China. Yuanmou man in Yunnan is the earliest ape-man found in the history of China. By the Neolithic age, people living near Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake had been able to engage in primitive agricultural production with simple production tools such as stone axes. In some places, people will also build simple wooden houses and gradually form larger villages.

In about 286 BC, Qiao Zhuang, the general of Chu State, was ordered to lead his troops back to Yuanjiang and enter Yunnan. He conquered Laojin and Mimo led by "Dian", unified Dianchi Lake area and became the king of Yunnan. They brought new technology and culture, promoted the development of Yunnan, and Dianchi area entered a slave society.

In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, established a county in Yunnan, and opened the "Wuchi Road" from Yibin, Sichuan to Qujing, Yunnan. Because this road is only five feet wide, it is called "five-foot road". And appointed officials to govern Yunnan, making it a part of the Qin empire. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), Emperor Wudi sent a general Guo Chang to lead the Bashu army into Yunnan, and set up Yizhou County, which was subordinate to 24 counties. The county government is located in Dianchi County (now Jinning County), and Yunnan is one of them. The county seat is located in Xiangyun County today, which is called "Yunnan Post". The Han Dynasty adjusted the counties, changed the situation that tribes coexisted and did not belong to the same family, and brought in some feudal relations of production. . Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also sent Tang Meng to expand "Wuchi Road" and renamed it "Southwest Yi Road". The Han Dynasty also organized manpower to excavate the Bonan Ancient Road, and frequent business contacts promoted international trade and cultural exchanges between the southwest of China and Southeast Asian countries, especially Myanmar and India. This is the famous Hanwu opening Yunnan in history. Zhuge Liang governs the south: During the Three Kingdoms period, parts of Yunnan, Qianxi and Southwest Sichuan were collectively called "South China". After pacifying South China, Yunnan became a part of Shu Han. In the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Cuan, who moved from the mainland to Yunnan, became more and more powerful. Chen ruled Dianchi Lake for more than 400 years. He called Dianchi Lake a Kunchuan and maintained economic and cultural ties with Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the Zhenguan period, the Tang Dynasty supported Meng She's imperial edict to unify the "six imperial edicts" and establish a "Nanzhao State" based on Erhai Lake. The main imperial edict was named "King of Yunnan" and Nanzhao was proclaimed as 13 King. 1 1 17, Dali was appointed as the "ambassador of Yunnan Province" in the Song Dynasty, with its political center in Erhai area and its capital in Dali. According to legend, Dali ruled for 3 16 years. During the reign of Dali, Shanshan City (now Kunming) gradually became the most prosperous and ideal city in central Yunnan. In the meantime, the famous story of "Peacock Gallbladder" was left.

In A.D. 1253, Kublai Khan led an army to conquer Yunnan and break Dali. 1267 made the fifth son Hu Gechi king of Yunnan, and his son was killed in 127 1 year. 1274, Kublai Khan sent Sayyid Shams Din 'Umar to Yunnan. In 1276, the Yuan Dynasty officially established Yunnan as one of the provinces of China 1 1, and from then on, "Yunnan" was officially named as a provincial administrative region. The political center moved from Dali to Kunming. After Saidianchi arrived in Yunnan, he formulated taxes economically, developed production and built water conservancy projects. Politically, we should change the practice of cruel slaughter in the past and replace it with policies of good ethnic relations, education and political stability. As a 500-mile Dianchi Lake, it was once submerged. Saidianchi Lake recruits migrant workers, digs Haikou and dredges the Mantis River, so that Dianchi Lake water flows from Haikou to Jinsha River via the Mantis River. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Fu Youde, Lan Yu and Mu Ying to the West to pacify Yunnan in 138 1 year, and set up the Yunnan Political Department (equivalent to the provincial government) in 1382. There were prefectures, prefectures and counties in the mainland of Yunnan, which were mainly ruled by the officials. In remote areas, there are Xuanwei Division, appeasement Division, Long Law Division and Yuzhou, all of which are under the jurisdiction of Tusi. With the development of commodity exchange, the currency used in Yunnan has also begun to abandon the coin, and the popular silver and copper coins in China have begun to replace the coin in circulation in Yunnan. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the peasant uprising army led by Sun Kewang entered Yunnan, established Li Yong as emperor and launched the anti-Qing struggle. 1658 65438+ In February, the Qing army entered Yunnan, and the last dynasty of Nanming fell.

After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty's rule over Yunnan, a large number of immigrants entered Yunnan and implemented the policy of "returning home", which objectively consolidated the unity of the country and promoted the development of the frontier. In the Qing Dynasty, the mining and metallurgy industry in Yunnan developed greatly, and the seeds of capitalism began to appear. After the Opium War, Yunnan entered a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society with the whole country and was invaded by imperialist countries headed by Britain and France. People of all ethnic groups in Yunnan launched a vigorous anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle. After 1856, the Hui, Bai, Yi and Hani people's uprisings led by Du Wenxiu and Li strongly supported the national anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, dealt a heavy blow to the feudal rule of the Qing government and shattered the dream of imperialist division and invasion of Yunnan. In the Sino-French War from South Yunnan 1883 to 1885, people of all ethnic groups in western Yunnan intercepted the British "expedition" to Ma Jiali, defended Pianma and Ban Hong, and severely punished the French invaders. They won great victories in the anti-French struggle led by Xuanguang, Lintao, Xiang Chongzhou and Yang Ziyuan, and wrote touching patriotic poems.

Under the harsh semi-colonial and semi-feudal environment, China's national capitalism developed slowly, and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle led by the bourgeoisie was gradually launched after the birth of the bourgeois political party alliance. 1907, members of Yunnan Youth League and revolutionary masses held an uprising in Hekou. On the 7th day after Wuchang Uprising/KLOC-0, Zhang Wenguang, a member of the League, responded to the call and launched an armed uprising in Tengchong, establishing the Dudufu of the West Yunnan Army. 6543810.30, on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the Kunming uprising was launched, and the Yunnan military government was established, overthrowing the rule of the Qing government in Yunnan. During the Republic of China, Yunnan local government sent troops to the Northern Expedition, aided Sichuan to support the whole country, and carried out a series of bourgeois reforms initially, which played a certain role in promoting Yunnan's economic development. However, due to the weakness of the bourgeoisie in China, the revolutionary achievements were stolen by Yuan Shikai. 19 15, Yuan Shikai publicly proclaimed himself emperor and restored the feudal monarchy. Under the organization of Cai E, Tang and others, people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan first launched an uprising to defend their country on February 25th 19 15, and sent troops along Sichuan and Guangxi to denounce the restoration of monarchy. With the support of all parties in the country, after more than a year's efforts, the rule of Beiyang warlords collapsed and Yuan Shikai's dream of being an emperor was completely shattered. As a backward frontier province with poor land and poor people, Yunnan has made great contributions and sacrifices to the democratic process in China. Marxism began to spread in Yunnan around the May 4th Movement of the Anti-Japanese War 19 19. 1October 7th, 1926 165438 Thanks to the hard work of producers such as Li Xin in party member, Yunnan Teke was established in Kunming, and the revolutionary struggle of Yunnan people was under the leadership of the Party. However, due to the cruel suppression of the Kuomintang, comrades such as Li Xin, Wang Desan and Liu Pingkai died one after another. During the period of 1935- 1936, the Central Red Army and the Red Second and Red Sixth Army Corps moved to Yunnan, passing through 33 counties and conquering 13 counties, and held a historic Tashi meeting in Weixin County. On the way to the Long March, the Red Army mobilized the masses, cracked down on local tyrants, publicized the party's ethnic policy, and sowed a new revolutionary flame in Yunnan. Under the leadership of the underground party, the people of Yunnan actively supported and cooperated with the Long March, and more than 2,000 people joined the Red Army. 1929, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Long Yun as chairman of the Yunnan provincial government and commander-in-chief of the 13th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and the rule of Yunnan local strength faction headed by Long Yun was established and consolidated. 1937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way, and Yunnan fought with all its strength. 200,000 Yunnan troops were sent to Taierzhuang, Wuhan and other anti-Japanese war fronts, and 65,438+10,000 migrant workers were invested to build the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway. Moreover, during the period of 1942- 1945, he supported the expeditionary force to enter Myanmar for the war of resistance. When the Japanese invaders trampled on the territory of western and southern Yunnan,

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly attacked and removed Long Yun from the post of chairman of Yunnan Province, and successively created the "December 1st" massacre, "Wenli Massacre" and "99 purge" in Yunnan, killing party member and patriotic Democrats. The atrocities of the Kuomintang aroused strong resistance from the people. The local party organizations in Yunnan launched a comprehensive struggle to organize, mobilize the masses and seize power by armed forces, and formed the "China People's Liberation Army Border Column in Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou". 1949, under the unified leadership of the party, 6 1 county towns were liberated and 14 base areas were established. At the same time, the People's Liberation Army field army went south, and the party organization won the Lu Han Uprising in Kunming on 1949 and 65438+February 9, and Yunnan declared peaceful liberation.

Since modern times, Yunnan's economy has developed in a tortuous way in a very difficult environment. 1914-1919 years, national capital once ushered in a short spring. Before and after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yunnan local national capital and bureaucratic capital developed to a certain extent. During the Anti-Japanese War, a number of factories and schools moved from coastal areas and inland areas, which once gave Yunnan economy. However, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yunnan's economy nearly collapsed under the oppression of western imperialism, feudal forces and bureaucratic capital. 1949, the population of the province was15.95 million, of which the agricultural population accounted for 92%, the total agricultural output value was 925 million yuan, the per capita grain was 493 Jin, and the total industrial output value was1860,000 yuan. Commodity economy is extremely backward. Most of urban light industrial consumer goods are supplied by coastal provinces and cities, and rural areas are basically self-sufficient natural economy.