What are the unequal treaties that China signed with the great powers in modern times?

List of Unequal Treaties in Modern China

Treaty name and signing time

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Sino-British treaty of nanking (1842)

(1) compensation 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars.

(2) Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain.

(3) Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai were opened as trading ports, and Britain was allowed to send consulates at trading ports.

(4) The rates shall be agreed by both parties.

The Charter of Sino-British Trade with Five Ports and the Sino-British Humen Treaty (1843) ① Britain can rent land to build houses at trading ports. ② Consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment.

The Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty (1844) not only obtained various privileges of the Sino-British treaty of nanking and its annexes, but also expanded the consular jurisdiction and the provisions of the tariff agreement; It also stipulates that American ships can enter and leave the trading ports, and the United States can build churches at the trading ports.

The Sino-French Huangpu Treaty (1844) not only obtained the rights and interests stipulated in the treaties of Britain and the United States, but also stipulated that some people violated the French church at the trading ports, and local officials in the Qing Dynasty should be "strictly detained and hell to pay".

The Sino-Russian Treaty of Love for Xiongnu (1858) claimed more than 600,000 square kilometers of land in the north of Heilongjiang and south of Xing 'an Mountains, and divided China's territory of about 400,000 square kilometers east of Wusuli River into two countries.

Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty (1858)

Russia has the right to trade by land and coastal ports, as well as the privilege of berthing warships at trading ports, preaching in the mainland, consular jurisdiction and unilateral "most favored nation treatment". Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin between Britain and France (1858)

The foreign minister is based in Beijing.

(2) Open up ten trading ports such as Hankou, Jiujiang and Nanjing. Foreign missionaries are free to preach in the mainland. Foreigners can travel and do business in the mainland.

Foreign merchant ships and warships can sail freely in the Yangtze River port.

⑥ Compensation for British and French military expenditures of two million and two million each, and compensation for British business losses of two million and two million. Sino-British and Sino-French Beijing Treaty

( 1860)

The Tianjin Treaty is still in force.

(2) opening ports for trade. (3) Interception from Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon to Britain.

(4) British and French military compensation increased to 8 million taels each.

Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty (1860)

About 400,000 square kilometers of Russian territory east of the Ussuri River, including Sakhalin Island, was ceded to China.

Sino-Russian northwest boundary survey agreement

(1864) ceded more than 440,000 square kilometers of territory east of Lake Balkhash in China to Russia.

"Beijing Special Feature" (1874) The Qing government paid 502,000 silver to Japan as a condition for Japanese troops to withdraw from Taiwan Province Province. Sino-British Yantai Treaty (1876)

(1) Opening Yichang, Wuhu, Wenzhou and Guangdong Beihai as trading ports. (2) Foreign goods are exempted from lijin in the "concession" and are exempted from domestic tax when transported to the mainland.

(3) Britain can investigate the trade situation in Yunnan and travel freely to India and Tibet.

Sino-Russian Ili Treaty (188 1 year) ① China recovered Ili, but the area west of Khorgos River was ceded to Russia. (2) compensation of nine million rubles.

(3) The trade tax of Russian businessmen on the north-south road of Tianshan Mountain is reduced by one third for goods shipped to Jiayuguan. The Kota Border Treaty (1883) allocated a large area of land east and south of Zhaishang Lake to Russia.

The Sino-French New Testament (1885) ① The Qing government agreed to open ports and trade on the Sino-Vietnamese border in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. (2) China appointed the French to build the railway. Sino-British Conference Tibet-India Treaty

(1890) Draw the boundary between Tibet and Zhemengxiong.

Sino-British conference Tibetan and Indian clauses

( 1893)

Yadong in Tibet will be opened as a commercial port, and the border between Tibet and India and Zhemengxiong will be tax-free for five years. Treaty of shimonoseki, China and Japan (1895)

(1) Cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan.

(2) Compensation of 220 million silver.

③ Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports. (4) Allow Japan to set up factories at trading ports.

China and Britain, Russia, Germany, France, the United States, Japan, Italy, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain.

Treaty of Love and Ugliness (190 1 year)

(1) The compensation is 450 million taels of silver, which will be paid in 39 years, and the total principal and interest is 980 million taels of silver.

Punish princes and ministers who support the declaration of war and ensure that people's activities against imperialist aggression are strictly prohibited.

(3) Dismantle Dagu Fort and allow imperialist countries to station troops along the Beijing-Tianjin and Jingshan railways. (4) Designate Dongjiaominxiang as the "embassy boundary", allowing countries to station troops for protection, and not allowing China people to live. ⑤ Change the Prime Minister's yamen to the Foreign Affairs Department, ranking first among the six departments. Article 21 (19 15)

Japan inherits all the rights of Germany in Shandong.

(2) Japan enjoys the privileges of industry and commerce, land, railways and mines, consultants and loans in Nanman and Dongmeng areas. (3) China coastal islands and ports shall not be leased or transferred to other countries. (4) The China government hired Japanese as political, financial and military advisers. ⑤ The Japanese police and arsenal are jointly organized by China and China.

Sino-Russian Hulun Treaty (19 15)

Hulunbeier was designated as a "special area", which stipulated that Russian troops were not allowed to enter the area without Russian permission.

An agreement between the army and the navy against the enemy.

( 19 18)

China and Japan took * * * actions to resist the enemies of the Soviet Union; During the war, the Japanese can stay in China and fight overseas, and the armies of the two countries must "cooperate" with each other.