Xinhua News Agency An earthquake occurred in Mexico, causing heavy casualties. What should I do in an earthquake?

1. If you are in the building during the earthquake, you should quickly stay away from the external walls, doors and windows. You can choose kitchen, bathroom, toilet and other small rooms that are not easy to collapse to prevent earthquakes. Never jump off a building or use an elevator. Try not to hide under a wooden table or bed, but beside solid furniture. The corner of the wardrobe is safer.

When a building collapses, the gravity of the roof falling on objects or furniture will hit these objects, leaving a space near them. This space is called the "triangle of life". The bigger and stronger an object is, the less space it can be squeezed. The smaller the object is squeezed, the larger the space, and the greater the possibility that people who use this space will be protected from harm. If this method is adopted, the casualty rate of buildings can drop sharply from 90% to 2%. In the past, people who simply "squatted down to cover" in earthquakes would be crushed to death, and people who fled to objects, such as tables or cars, would always be injured. It is best to open the door to ensure the exit of reinforced concrete buildings. Because the shaking of the earthquake will lead to the dislocation of doors and windows, doors can not be opened, and there have been cases where people have been locked in the house. Please open the door and ensure the exit. Usually, you should think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes. If there is an earthquake at night, you are in bed. You just have to simply get up. A safe space will be formed around the bed. If you want to do better, you can pick up a pillow to protect your head.

Compared with buildings, bungalows have a higher safety factor in an earthquake, so when encountering an earthquake in a bungalow, if it is too late to go outdoors, you can quickly hide under the table, under the bed, next to solid furniture or near the wall, and pay attention to protecting key parts. Cover your nose and mouth with clothes to keep out the suffocating dust. When you use fire, you should turn off the gas or power and then quickly avoid it.

2. If you are outdoors during the earthquake, when the earth shakes violently and stands unsteadily, people will have the psychology of leaning and grasping something.

Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the objects of support. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous. The correct way is to choose to squat or get down in an open place, don't run around, don't go back indoors casually, and avoid crowded places; Avoid tall buildings, such as buildings, tall chimneys, water towers, overpasses and other complex structures; Try to get close to the outer wall of the building or leave the building. The outside near the wall is much better than the inside. The closer you are to the center of the building, the more likely your escape route will be blocked. In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. In addition, pay attention to the vending machine tipping over and hurting people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags. In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid; Stay away from high-voltage lines and toxic factories or facilities such as petrochemical, chemical and gas; When crossing the bridge, you should firmly grasp the bridge railing.

3. Leave the vehicle.

In a big earthquake, it is difficult to shake the earth, which will make people unable to grasp the steering wheel. At this time, you must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road. People who take refuge in the car will be injured by falling objects on the roadside. There is a space 3 feet high next to the crushed car. Therefore, in the event of an earthquake, you should leave the car, sit down near the car, or lie next to the car. Don't get under the car. A huge object falling vertically will flatten the car body and cause death. If you are on the bus, the body may shake. Don't panic. When the driver stabilized the car, everyone fled. When taking refuge, you should walk on foot, and at least take refuge measures when there is danger to life and personal safety caused by earthquake. The way to take refuge is definitely not to take refuge by car or bike.

4. Keep calm, choose something and hide it quietly.

In stations, theaters, classrooms, shops, subways and other places, you should keep calm, choose items to hide on the spot, lie down and wait for confirmation, then follow the instructions and evacuate in an orderly manner to avoid disorderly escape. Choose a small studio and hide beside solid furniture; Students who are attending classes in the classroom should quickly hold their heads and close their eyes under the command of the teacher and hide under the desks; In the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place and protect your head with your hands; Pay attention to avoid teaching buildings and nearby high-rise buildings; Don't go back to the classroom at once.

5, in the event of an earthquake or fire, can't use the elevator.

In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, please press all the buttons on each floor on the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety. Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake happens, it will automatically stop at the nearest floor. If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management room for help through the dedicated telephone in the elevator.

6. Don't panic, run outside.

After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects. When the building collapsed, many people died at the door. What's going on here? If you stand under the doorframe, you will be injured by the roof overhead when the doorframe falls forward or backward. If the doorframe falls sideways, you will be trapped inside, so you will be fatally injured anyway!

7. Never take the stairs.

Stairs and buildings vibrate at different frequencies (they vibrate separately from the main part of the building). The stairs collided with the structure of the building until the stairs had structural problems. People on the stairs will be blocked by the steps of the stairs, which is a terrible injury! Stay away from the stairs even if they don't collapse. Stairs will be damaged like buildings. Even if it is not because of the earthquake, it will collapse because of too many people. Therefore, we should always check the safety of stairs first, even if other parts of the building are not damaged.

8, don't listen to rumors, don't act rashly.

In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information. Get correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information obtained directly from the government, police and fire prevention agencies, and never believe irresponsible gossip, let alone make a move. In areas where destructive earthquakes occur, it usually takes more than ten seconds from the earthquake to the collapse of houses. As an individual, we should make a choice to avoid risks calmly in an instant.

There are two common sense should know:

(1) Cats, dogs and children naturally curl up when they are in danger. If you can't escape from doors or windows during an earthquake, you should do the same. This is a safe instinct. And you can do it in a small space. Close to an object, a sofa, or a big piece, just squeezed a little, but left a space next to it.

(2) In the earthquake, the safety factor of wooden buildings is the highest. Wood is elastic and moves with the force of earthquake. If the wooden building collapses, it will leave a lot of living space. In addition, wood materials have the lowest density and weight. Brick material will break into smaller bricks. Bricks can cause harm, but the number of people killed by bricks is far less than that killed by cement.

British writer Thackeray said: "Life is a mirror. You laugh, and it laughs. " If you cry, it will cry. "At this moment, the earthquake is a mirror, please show your mentality! In the face of a sudden earthquake, we should be rational and sober; Second, we must judge correctly and make decisive decisions; Third, we must persist in self-help; Fourth, we should always maintain a strong desire to survive. Only by using scientific methods can we have a greater chance of survival.