The impact of economic crisis on migrant college students

Expert interpretation: The impact of the economic crisis on employment is deepening

Experts analyze the underlying reasons for the large number of unemployment, saying that migrant workers are not "passers-by" and their interests cannot be ignored.

- Motives for dialogue

What impact has the economic crisis had on migrant workers? What needs to be reflected on our relevant development policies and systems? How should we jointly deal with complex problems? Recently, our reporter talked with Cui Chuanyi, a researcher at the Rural Affairs Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, and Cui Hongzhi, a researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences, to discuss these issues.

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Cui Hongzhi: Researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Academy of Social Sciences and leader of the research group “Research on Migrant Workers’ Demand for Social Security”

Impact of the Economic Crisis

Last October After realizing it, we started to investigate

Beijing News: Affected by the economic crisis, 20 million migrant workers across the country have lost their jobs or returned to their hometowns. When did this issue attract the attention of the competent authorities or scientific research departments?

Cui Chuanyi: In October last year, after the Rural Affairs Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council became aware of this problem, we organized an investigation and went to Changshu, Kunshan and other places in southern Jiangsu. In Kunshan, we conducted a survey at a school for the children of migrant workers and sent questionnaires to the children to understand their parents' situation.

At that time, 80 students were surveyed, and the feedback was that 45% had been affected, either because some family members were unemployed, or the factory had stopped production, and they only received basic wages.

At that time, 5 students in that school left the school because their parents wanted to go home.

Beijing News: According to your analysis, among the migrant workers who are unemployed or returning home this time, which type of people make up the majority?

Cui Chuanyi: For factories that have stopped production, everyone is unemployed. For companies that need to lay off workers, the first people to be laid off are those who are older and have lower labor skills.

However, it is understood that after some companies closed down, their skilled employees were also laid off. Those companies that did not close down just took over these good employees and eliminated the unqualified personnel of their own companies.

Reflecting on development ideas

Some small and medium-sized enterprises have been restricted from developing

Beijing News: It is not only migrant workers who are affected by the economic crisis, but also unemployed migrant workers. Come and see, is there anything worth reflecting on?

Cui Chuanyi: The main reason for the unemployment of migrant workers this time is of course the global economic crisis.

But on the other hand, our development policies also have areas worth reflecting on. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main sources of employment for migrant workers. For a period of time, we have been thinking about adjusting the industrial structure in coastal areas, developing high-tech industries and capital-intensive enterprises, and focusing on private, labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises and the light textile industry. Not much consideration is given to it, and its important role in the employment of a huge population and the transfer of rural labor is ignored at the current stage.

Light textiles and clothing are mainly operated by private small and medium-sized enterprises. They are daily consumer goods for the masses. They are both exported and domestically demanded. They are not "sunset" industries. But some places in our country regard it as a backward industry, restrict its development, and prevent financial institutions from lending money to them. The burden is also heavy.

The ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to cope with the crisis is inherently weak, and coupled with the difficulty of obtaining loans, they are under greater pressure. It was not until the leaders of the State Council conducted in-depth coastal surveys in August and September last year that problems were discovered and policies were adjusted.

For small and medium-sized enterprises and labor-intensive industries, we should consider supporting technological transformation and industrial upgrading to maintain their dominant position in the international market and adapt to the needs of improving people's living standards, rather than simply adjusting industries. "Tune it out" in the structure. Policies and services in this area need to be further enriched and improved.

Cui Hongzhi: Through the impact of this economic crisis on migrant workers, we can see that in the past few decades, we have not focused on expanding domestic demand, and enterprises do not produce for domestic demand, but mainly for export. Coastal areas It has become the world's processing factory. In this way, whenever there is any disturbance in the international market, the domestic market will be affected.

This kind of development idea directly affects the layout of industrial space. Because we are producing export products, most factories are located in coastal areas for convenient transportation.

If it is to produce products for domestic demand, the factory can be located in the mainland, in small and medium-sized cities close to the hometowns of migrant workers, which can change the concentrated flow of migrant workers.

These are not the factors that caused the migrant workers to return home after losing their jobs, but with the emergence of this economic crisis, we have to consider these issues.

Thinking about the deep system

Dual division ignores the interests of migrant workers

Beijing News: In addition to development policies, is there anything we need to think about in our system? place?

Cui Chuanyi: The problem of urban-rural division has not been resolved, which has affected the rights and interests of migrant workers and hindered the process of industrialization and urbanization.

Beijing News: What does this have to do with the unemployment of migrant workers?

Cui Chuanyi: Our long-term dualistic system has neglected the interests of migrant workers. When there is an economic crisis, migrant workers are the first to become victims.

Unfair treatment in social security and children’s employment is a commonplace, so I won’t go into details. The problem is that these injustices have increased the burden of life on migrant workers. Once they become unemployed, the burden will be even heavier and their ability to resist risks will be weak.

The contribution of migrant workers is obvious to all, but cities have not included them in the housing security system. Without a place to live, they have difficulty finding jobs and receiving training when encountering an economic crisis.

Beijing News: But solving these problems may not reduce their unemployment during the economic crisis, right?

Cui Chuanyi: That’s not how you understand it. If urban public services can be provided equally to migrant workers, then they can increase their ability to cope with unemployment.

If low-rent housing can be provided for them and their children can enjoy the same compulsory education, many migrant workers with stable employment can relatively settle down in a city. Once more people settle, they can purchase durable consumer goods and have more service requirements. This will greatly increase the proportion of the tertiary industry in industrialization and urbanization and increase their employment opportunities.

During the economic crisis, the unemployment rate in the tertiary industry was relatively low. In this crisis, it is clearly shown that the unemployment rate in the manufacturing industry is much higher than that in the tertiary industry.

But our urban-rural divide has not yet been broken down.

Unemployed migrant workers stay in cities

Too many people gathered together may cause social problems

Beijing News: Under such a system, can migrant workers who are unemployed have no choice but to return home? Hometown?

Cui Chuanyi: Unemployment does not mean returning home. This is more reflected in young people, what we call the "second generation of migrant workers". These people born after the 1980s have left school. I went to work as soon as I could, and I am more familiar with the production and life in the city. After they lost their jobs, many of them stayed in the city to wait for job opportunities, and some returned to their hometowns to look for jobs.

Beijing News: What if you can’t find a job for a long time?

Cui Chuanyi: Then you will face difficulties in life. Housing and food will become problems. One or two people are not a big problem. If there are more such young people, it may cause some social problems.

Beijing News: How should cities respond?

Cui Chuanyi: Migrant workers have made contributions to the city, they are not "passers-by". Urban governments bear the responsibility of promoting employment, creating job opportunities, and protecting the most basic living conditions of citizens. If some migrant workers who stay in cities to find jobs encounter serious difficulties in life, they should find ways to provide appropriate assistance.

Cui Hongzhi: At present, it is difficult to change the trend of migrant workers flowing to big cities. This reminds us to pay attention to solving the problems of migrant workers in our daily policies. For example, the minimum wage system must be implemented and wages cannot be owed.

Beijing News: The problem is that some companies have closed down. How can the government create jobs?

Cui Chuanyi: For those enterprises that are still operating, the government should reduce the burden on the enterprises, expand loan support for those with market demand, and reduce the number of bankrupt enterprises, thus reducing the chances of unemployment.

At the same time, we must find ways to reduce the social burden of migrant workers. For example, students in schools for the children of migrant workers should be given subsidies in accordance with national policies.

Beijing News: Everyone talks about the government’s responsibility, but what can the migrant workers who stay in the city do themselves?

Cui Chuanyi: Self-employment is not something you can find just by thinking about it. You should adjust your mentality and engage in low-end service industries such as catering, street stalls, and human transportation. The government should adopt loose policies to encourage and support migrant workers to seek self-employment in cities just like it encourages laid-off workers.

Migrant workers return to their hometowns to start businesses

Faced with problems such as difficulty in obtaining loans and land use

Beijing News: What I just talked about is the unemployed people who stay in the city. For those who For migrant workers who have returned home, do you have any good advice?

Cui Chuanyi: You can go home and start a business. There is still a lot of space in rural areas.

Beijing News: Is there any basis for the vast space?

Cui Chuanyi: Yes. At the end of 2007, the Rural Department of the National Research Center accepted the commission from the Migrant Workers Joint Conference Office of the State Council and took the lead in setting up a research group to conduct a survey of 100 labor-exporting counties. At that time, the economic crisis was still Without the outbreak, many more migrant workers have returned to their hometowns to start businesses than before. The number of people returning to their hometowns to start businesses every year since 2003 is 3.1 times that of the 1990s.

Beijing News: What difficulties will they face in starting a business?

Cui Chuanyi: There are several main problems. First, the entrepreneurial environment is poor. In our survey, 59.6% of people thought it was difficult to approve enterprises or establish projects, and more than 40% believed that government departments charge excessive fees and impose a heavy burden on enterprises.

The second problem is that it is difficult to get loans. Nearly 80% of migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns to start businesses have not received support from financial institutions for their business development. Not only are the loan channels single, mainly rural credit cooperatives, but the interest rates on loans are high. , plus the fees incurred during the application process, the annual interest on the loan actually exceeds 12.

The third problem is the difficulty of using land.

The fourth problem is that the technical content of starting a business is low, which can easily cause environmental pollution and waste of resources.

These are problems that the government should pay attention to and migrant workers themselves should be able to see and actively avoid.

Government guidance is needed

Some places are not very supportive of farmers’ entrepreneurship

Beijing News: Where is the government’s enthusiasm in guiding migrant workers to start their own businesses?

Cui Chuanyi: There is actually domestic demand in rural areas and small towns, and the government’s ideology needs to change.

Many places do not support farmers’ entrepreneurship. The main reason is that they believe that farmers’ entrepreneurship solves their own problems and cannot increase the government’s fiscal revenue. This is very wrong. Farmers are employed and their incomes are increased, and the unemployed are re-employed, which is an achievement. They have a source of livelihood, which reduces the burden on the government. Now that farmers have money, won’t they expand consumption? Wouldn’t it promote local economic development?

There are three types of farmers' entrepreneurship, one is employment and livelihood-oriented, the second is development and growth-oriented, which is profitable, and the third is advanced enterprise. Generally speaking, it is mainly the first two. We cannot have too high expectations for entrepreneurship.

From the perspective of ordinary people, solving the employment problem is the first priority, and then promoting local economic development. The government should have a clear understanding of this.

Beijing News: In addition to starting a business, are there any other ways?

Cui Chuanyi: The government can also guide the development of modern agriculture, which overlaps with returning home to start a business. Local non-agricultural businesses could also be encouraged to use these returnees.

In the past, young people from the mainland often went to big cities, and local companies found it difficult to recruit workers. Now some people have returned. They are experienced workers, and they are also opportunities for these companies.

Looking at the unemployment of migrant workers

Don’t be too pessimistic and take it lightly

Beijing News: There is a view that if the 20 million migrant workers are broken down, each county will also There are only more than 10,000 people, and there are only a few hundred people in each town. There is no need to be so nervous. Is this correct?

Cui Chuanyi: You can’t think so. That’s how the accounts are calculated, but not all unemployed migrant workers return to the village. Some stay in the city to find jobs. Some young people may go back, but they have no experience in farming. In addition, there is little land in the countryside, so they are not likely to farm at home. Many people will go to county towns and market towns to make a living. If their employment continues unsolved for a period of time, once accumulated and gathered together, they cannot be ignored.

On the other hand, we must also note that the employment of migrant workers has always been carried out under the market mechanism. They have withstood many difficult trials and even setbacks, and have the experience and wisdom to adapt to the situation, as well as the hometown Contracted land is the bottom line, employment has a certain degree of flexibility and flexibility, and grassroots cadres and the masses are also very creative, so they should be confident in resolving difficulties.

We cannot be too pessimistic about the impact of this economic crisis on migrant workers, nor can we take it lightly.

Beijing News: At present, is the impact of this crisis on employment over?

Cui Chuanyi: The impact on employment does not end here, but is deepening. In 2008, some companies' orders were confirmed in the first half of last year, so they could still be maintained last year. However, orders placed in the first half of 2009 have not been implemented, and such companies will encounter greater difficulties in the first half of this year.

——Investigation report on returning migrant workers in Chating Village, Hanshou County

Summary of content: The subprime mortgage crisis originated in the United States, developed into a financial tsunami, and then developed into a The economic crisis that severely damaged the real industry has swept almost the entire world. In China, tens of millions of investors and small and medium-sized enterprises will naturally be affected first and foremost. However, these are not related to food and clothing after all. Workers working in factories, especially migrant workers, are completely different. After they left the land, they relied on working to make a living, raise their children, and support the elderly. Once they lose their inherently unstable jobs, the consequences can be imagined. According to reports, the return of migrant workers has continued since the end of 2008. Migrant workers are beginning to return home! Although the relevant departments have tried to keep a low profile and claimed that it has not become a "tide", the quiet flow of people returning home still shows the fact that migrant workers are returning home, and the number is gradually increasing, and the team is expanding. During the winter vacation, the author found in his hometown Chating Village, Hanshou County, Changde City, that for many returning migrant workers, working outside has become a way of life for many of them over the years, and the income from working is the main source of income for many peasant families. They reported that with the advent of the economic crisis, there have been fewer opportunities to work outside the home recently, their income has dropped, and they have encountered many difficulties and problems both in their working lives and in their lives back home. In this regard, the author visited several families of returning migrant workers, summarized the difficulties and problems encountered by returning migrant workers in the face of the economic crisis, and proposed several countermeasures to solve the problems.

Keywords: Economic crisis and countermeasures for employment difficulties of migrant workers

2008 was an extraordinary year, especially the economic crisis encountered at the end of the year, which brought great consequences to the Chinese people, especially migrant workers. The hardships are particularly obvious. As the impact of the economic crisis continues to intensify, migrant workers in my country's coastal areas have begun to return home since the end of 2008.

Although the party and the government have adopted and implemented a series of measures and policies to alleviate the difficulties of migrant workers in terms of re-employment and return to their hometowns, there are still many problems for returning migrant workers. The large number of migrant workers and the scope of the economic crisis The scale of the epidemic, and the inadequacy of many policies and measures in some remote grassroots areas, has made the lives of many returning migrant workers still difficult, seriously affecting the recovery of the urban economy, the development of the rural economy, and the stability of social order. Taking advantage of my free time during the winter vacation, I conducted a more detailed survey on the returning migrant workers in Chating Village. By visiting the returning migrant workers in the village and the village committee, village party branch and other institutions, I learned more about the returning migrant workers in our village. Difficulties and problems in life. Through this survey, I gained a deeper understanding of the basic situation of returning migrant workers in my village and gained some valuable practical experience.

1. The current situation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns in our village

Affected by the financial crisis, some export-oriented enterprises in the coastal areas closed down or stopped production, causing a large number of migrant workers to return home. According to statistics, as of December 2008, more than 800,000 migrant workers had returned to their hometowns in Hunan, and it is expected that the number of migrant workers returning to their hometowns will reach 2.8 million in 2009. About 17,000 people have returned home in Hanshou County in the past two months, an increase of about 30% over the same period last year, and more people are expected to return home in the next two months. Among them, the return rate of migrant workers in our village has reached 90%. Taking Group 6 of Chating Village as an example, there are 34 households in Group 6 of Chating Village, 22 households go out to work, and 19 households return home at the end of the year, an increase of nearly 40 households compared with previous years. All returning migrant workers plan to make a living. Currently, the returning migrant workers in our village mainly have three plans.

1. Some young migrant workers are preparing to go home temporarily and go out to work again when the economy picks up.

With the spread of the financial crisis, the employment situation has become increasingly severe. Perhaps because the new year is approaching and they feel like they can return home early to celebrate the New Year, migrant workers do not seem to have much mental pressure on losing their jobs. However, after the year is over, the army of people returning home after the Spring Festival will definitely return, setting off a new wave of people returning to the city.

A large number of young migrant workers in our village have said that it is difficult for them to adapt to rural production and life due to their long-term working life outside. They feel that "it is boring to be at home", and they do not understand agricultural production technology. , and the lack of farmland in rural areas. Even in the face of a strong economy, they still choose to face challenges. Although they seem to be at the end of their rope in the fierce competition, they still have the possibility of "coming out of nowhere". He is also confident that as long as he adjusts his mentality in time and calmly finds his personal position, he believes that there will always be a "way out" and that "another village" will always be found.

2. Some older migrant workers are ready to work at home and farm without any plans to go out again

Migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns rely on various employment information channels, including TV, newspapers, etc. As we all know, in coastal areas, both large companies and small factories are still tightening their belts. Naturally, employment opportunities are still decreasing, and competition for jobs is becoming increasingly fierce. Coupled with the squeeze from more and more unemployed college students, employment opportunities will become even more difficult for the large number of returning migrant workers. Therefore, in the strong competition team, the vast majority of older migrant workers in our village know that they have lost their competitive advantage. Therefore, in the severe employment competition, they can only choose to "let go" and work at home without any plans. Out again. In addition, the older farmers in our village have experience in agricultural production and are much calmer than the younger migrant workers. They can quickly adapt to rural life and reintegrate into the land that originally belonged to them.

3. People who have accumulated a certain amount of funds and skills while working abroad are ready to return to their hometowns to start businesses

The "immigration" of migrant workers to cities in my country began in the early 1990s, and many began to do so that year The migrant workers who "went to sea" to enter the "jianghu" have become "senior" migrant workers. After years of hard work, they have accumulated a certain amount of capital and technology.

Therefore, when the employment situation was quite grim, they wisely chose to "wash their hands in a golden basin", withdraw from the industry, and return to their hometowns to start their own businesses with the funds and technology they had accumulated over the years. Li XX, a migrant worker from Group 6 of our village who returned home, used the agricultural machinery repairing skills he had mastered while working abroad for many years to run an individual agricultural machinery repairing shop locally, which not only found a way to find employment for himself, but also facilitated his farming neighbors.

2. Problems presented by the returning migrant workers in our village

1. Land transfer disputes arise after the migrant workers return home

Our village has always used traditional rice Planting is the main production activity. Due to the characteristics of rice planting, large-scale production must be the business model. However, our village has a large population and a shortage of land, so some migrant workers have chosen to work outside their homes in order to make ends meet. The small amount of land in their hands also formed a short-term transfer of land as they left. Now, as migrant workers return to their hometowns, they have to rely on land again in order to make a living. Since the land transfer contracts they signed are not standardized, land transfer disputes have broken out. With the increase in the number of migrant workers returning home, the conflicts have become more and more serious. big. As the planting season approaches, migrant workers return home to plant for the new year, so disputes over land transfer in our village may heat up and even lead to violent fights.

2. The income of the returning migrant workers in our village has decreased

The returning migrant workers in our village have returned to the countryside and can only maintain their basic livelihood through agricultural production. The level of agricultural production in our village has never been high, and the agricultural production technology is low. Older migrant workers who have returned home have continued traditional agricultural planting. Agricultural production efficiency is low, and their income is much less than that of migrant workers returning home, and their income has been significantly reduced.

In addition, many migrant workers who have returned home are not used to or do not know farm work at all. However, short-term agricultural training cannot change the status quo at all. Also, due to traffic congestion, even the dream of returning migrant workers who have experienced the world to change the traditional agricultural management model is just a fantasy. It is difficult to transport large agricultural production machinery to their own land due to traffic congestion. Nowadays, the completion and opening of the Third Yuanshui Bridge has relatively intensified the traffic congestion in our village.

3. The return of migrant workers has intensified local employment pressure.

As the impact of the financial crisis deepens and continues, the demand pattern of the labor market will undergo significant changes, and labor supply will exceed demand. Currently, there are nearly 900,000 migrant workers in our city, and a large number of them have returned home due to the economic crisis. The return of migrant workers to their hometowns has formed a large-scale unemployment "return wave". The overall employment situation in our city has undergone significant changes. The unemployment of a considerable number of migrant workers has become an indisputable objective reality. In other words, a large number of migrant workers have been unemployed in our city. "Idle migrant workers". A survey of occupational supply and demand information in our city's labor market by the human resources and social security agency showed that compared with the same period last year, our city's labor demand dropped by 5.5%, which was the first decline in many years. As the impact of the economic crisis intensifies, the data will continue to increase, and the return of migrant workers will further intensify the employment situation in our city.

4. The return of a large number of migrant workers has intensified the population flow in our village, disrupted social order, and affected social stability.

Under the current new economic situation, migrant workers are returning to their hometowns without jobs. The pressure on social stability has increased significantly. One of the biggest characteristics of migrant workers is their instability. Many migrant workers in our village feel that they cannot adapt to the environment in their hometown after returning home. In recent years, most of the young people in the village have gone out. Except for the better houses, everything else is almost the same as before. After more than ten years, they still feel that their hometown can only be described in three words: "dirty, chaotic, and poor." I was used to city life outside, but when I came back, I felt that everything was inconvenient and everything went wrong. Neighbors often get into disputes and fights over trivial matters, and both sides suffer. In particular, some unemployed migrant workers returning home have problems such as older age, reduced working ability, lack of social security, and unequal mentality, which can easily intensify social conflicts. In addition, people in the village heard that those idle people in the past were back, and every house closed its doors as soon as it got dark.

5. Rising prices and severe overproduction have made it difficult to improve the living standards of returning migrant workers

Since last year, prices in our country have risen sharply, which has affected the living standards of the people across the country. . Among all walks of life, farmers are the ones most affected. The year just started and they had to invest a lot of money into their own land. However, this is undoubtedly a difficulty for migrant workers returning home. After a large amount of costs are invested in the land, the only thing they can count on is the next round of harvest. During the unharvest season, maintaining their lives is their top priority, and improving their living standards is even more extravagant.

In order to improve this situation, they can only reduce cost input, which undoubtedly first reduces labor input. With excess labor, they suffer equally. During the investigation, I asked a returning migrant worker in his early 40s, "Why don't you go home and farm?" They said that the cost of farming is too high, and it is too difficult for a family to rely on farming to make a living. In the past, people could raise pigs in rural areas, but now the cost of raising pigs is not cost-effective. A pig: 1. Buying a piglet ranges from 150-300 yuan; 2. Feeding 3,000 kilograms of corn, about 1,500 yuan; 3. Pig feed costs about 1,000 yuan. Even if you are lucky and feed a pig with a gross weight of 400 pounds, the current market price is only 5 yuan, which is only worth 2,000 yuan. "Not counting the labor force, it's a loss!"

Therefore, at a time when prices are rising and rural productivity is severely over-produced, it is hard to say lightly what it means for migrant workers to return home. Although we may selfishly predict that this year's Spring Festival transportation problem will be solved in advance, the return of migrant workers has brought the problem back to the countryside without truly digesting it - this is not only an economic problem, but also a social problem. In a sense, it is more It is a political issue

3. Countermeasures to solve the problems and difficulties of migrant workers returning home in our village

With the intensification of the impact of the economic crisis and the continuation of the opposite of migrant workers, it is our responsibility to face difficulties bravely It is our unquestionable responsibility, and more importantly, from the perspective of protecting the interests of migrant workers, solving the difficulties and problems of returning migrant workers is our central task.

1. Pay attention to the construction of rural infrastructure, and vigorously implement the "Return Project" to guide people who have completed migrant work or business operations to return to their hometowns to start businesses, and boost the economic construction of their hometowns

At present, Although some migrant workers in our village have returned to their hometowns, there are still a large number of migrant workers struggling outside and living a difficult life. In order to protect their fundamental interests, we must take advantage of the great opportunity of the country's expansion of investment to stimulate consumption and boost domestic demand, improve infrastructure construction, improve the economy, and promote the re-employment of returning migrant workers.

In order to improve the economy, the country has recently introduced a series of policies and measures to expand investment, stimulate consumption, and ensure stable and rapid economic development. For example, the country has increased its investment scale by 4 trillion yuan and invested in grassroots education, health, social security and other undertakings to stimulate consumption and boost domestic demand. If we want to use this to improve our infrastructure and improve our investment environment, we are required to carefully assess the situation, maximize investment according to our own characteristics and advantages, and maximize the benefits of investment. If we can do this, we will not only improve the traffic conditions in our village, open or harden village roads, build small biogas digesters, change the old face of difficult travel and poor hygiene in our village, but also effectively improve the lives of returning migrant workers. environment, and can more effectively increase employment opportunities for returning migrant workers and broaden employment channels.

2. Improve the local entrepreneurship and employment environment and promote the re-employment of returning migrant workers

The preferential policies issued by the state to promote the re-employment of returning migrant workers must be flexibly applied and fully play. Vigorously create a good environment for returning migrant workers to re-employ and start businesses. It is necessary to implement preferential policies, provide tax concessions or exemptions, and relax the environment. Actively give migrant workers ideas, think of ways, find solutions, and do practical things. Let migrant workers truly enjoy the benefits of the policy and open the door to convenience.

Among the migrant workers who returned home, there are many skilled craftsmen and people familiar with management. They learned their skills while working and made their first pot of gold.

Therefore, we must use these advantages to vigorously encourage and support these capable people to return to their hometowns to start businesses, use their financial and technological advantages to start businesses, and establish corporate entities, regardless of size, with integrated support. And we must provide strong support in terms of policies, tax concessions or exemptions, financing solutions, product solutions, etc., and provide all conveniences within the scope of the law. Especially for those talented people who have the ability, technology, and good reputation to start a business, banks should provide financial loans to solve the problem of insufficient funds. The entrepreneurship of returning migrant workers can provide more employment for migrant workers, thereby effectively resolving the "danger" in the economic crisis, creating "opportunities" for development, and promoting the good development of the local regional economy.

3. Increase the training of migrant workers to improve the overall quality of migrant workers;

Increase the training of migrant workers to improve the overall quality of migrant workers. We must actively strive for vocational and technical skills Education and training funds to improve the vocational and technical education of returning migrant workers