Read the full text of "Robinson Crusoe"

Robinson’s image fits the spirit of British society in the 18th century. Robinson is eager for adventure and unwilling to live a mediocre life. He is a representative figure in the rising period of the bourgeoisie. After he was trapped on a desert island, he encountered many seemingly insurmountable difficulties. However, with his strong perseverance and unyielding determination, he solved the problems of housing, food, tools, etc. one by one, and lived a comfortable life. He is very optimistic, full of fighting spirit, and embodies the spirit of self-struggle. His creative labor and results also embody the infinite charm of human wisdom. Robinson was a bourgeois hero full of pioneering and enterprising spirit, as well as a colonial representative full of desire for conquest and ambition to expand territory. As soon as he established a foothold on the island, he erected a landing mark on the seaside. In the relationship between him and Friday described later, Robinson's image of a colonialist is more obvious. Therefore, "Robinson Crusoe" is an ode to the struggling spirit of capitalism and a narrative that attempts to legitimize colonialism. The language of this work is plain and the narrative is precise. The excerpt of this chapter describes Robinson's process of settling on a desert island by himself. It seems very difficult or even impossible, but the author presents Robinson's process of selecting a site and building a house in precise and specific details. What we see in front of us has a strong sense of reality and is very credible, making us feel that we would do the same thing if we were in Robinson's position. No wonder later generations call Defoe the "father of British novels" and "Robinson." "Robinson Crusoe" is regarded as the foundation of realist novels. Robinson was born in a middle-class family in England. Although his father hoped that he could earn a family fortune through hard work in his hometown and live a peaceful life, from an early age, Robinson had made the decision to travel around the world. ambition. In 1651, he quietly left his hometown and began his first adventure.

He bought some cheap items from London, then went to Africa by sea, and exchanged gold sand, ivory and other valuable items with the local natives, making huge profits. Seeing that it was profitable, he went to Africa again, but unfortunately he encountered pirates. He himself became the slave of the bandit leader. But he was good at observing faces and soon gained the trust of the robbers, who relaxed their supervision of him. He took the opportunity to escape and took away the little black slave Xuli. After 10 days on the run at sea, he was rescued by a ship bound for Brazil. After arriving in Brazil, he sold his young slaves, bought a small manor, and began his life as a manor owner. But he was not content with mediocrity, and once again ventured out to sea to sell black people in Africa. This time, bad luck again. The ship ran aground and sank near South America. Except for him who escaped death and climbed onto a desert island, everyone else was buried in the belly of a fish. The island is deserted and there are no wild animals. He began a lonely life that lasted for 28 years.

He was not discouraged. He first made a raft and transported all the useful things on the sunken ship back to the island, including food, sail cloth, guns and ammunition, fresh water, and wine. , clothes, tools, etc. He pitched a tent with canvas and established a camp for himself. Then he began to survey the topography of the island. He chose a small cave at the foot of the hillside as a shelter. It took several months to expand and make tables, chairs and other furniture using simple tools. In order to guard against wild beasts, he set up traps at the entrance of the cave to form a "castle". After the arrangements were made, the food and water on the ship were running out. He started looking for food and water again.

There are many wild goats on the desert island. In addition to hunting, he also raised them. By chance, green rice and wheat seedlings grew out of the remaining grain in the bags carrying feed on the ship during the rainy season. He collected seeds to expand the planting the following year. On the other side of the island, he also discovered patches of fruit trees. He built a hut near the orchard as his "villa". The beach is equally rich in products, with many turtles and birds. He captures them to improve nutrition. He caught another parrot and named it "Boer". There are also several streams on the island that provide fresh water, so food and drink are basically guaranteed.

Robinson gradually began to engage in agriculture and animal husbandry, and achieved great success. In the first year, he harvested two bushels of rice and two bushels of barley. He ground the grains into flour and made earthenware pots for cooking so that he could eat bread. He also built a large wooden fence around the island to raise the captured sheep together. In this way, not only will you have mutton to eat, but you will also have goat milk to drink. He sewed hats, coats and umbrellas for himself from sheepskins. He relied on his own efforts and had all the necessities in life. In the sixth year of his life, he built a canoe and spent another two years digging a 6-foot-wide canal so that he could place the boat in a small river half a mile away. Go inside. He drove this wooden boat and inspected around the island like a king, full of pride.

One day several years later, an accident finally occurred. A group of savages rowed from another island and invaded his territory. They ate some of the prisoners and sang and danced. Robinson was filled with fear that he would be discovered and eaten. He found a very secluded and deep cave as his new residence, and set up extensive mechanisms to protect himself. After a long time like this, he has spent 23 years safely on the island. Soon, another group of cannibal barbarians came to the island. Robinson was determined to defend his territory. He grabbed his gun and lurked nearby. Suddenly a prisoner broke free from the rope and ran toward him, followed by several savages.

Robinson shot and killed the chasing barbarians and rescued the prisoner. That day happened to be Friday, so he named the prisoner "Friday". From then on, "Friday" became his loyal servant and friends.

In less than a year, Friday had learned English. He told Robinson that 17 white people had been shipwrecked on the island where he lived. Robinson wanted to rescue them and return to civilized society with them. So, he and Friday built a canoe and got ready to go. Just then, another group of savages came to the island with many prisoners, including a white man. He rescued the white man, and also Friday's father. In this fierce battle, he and Friday used muskets and other weapons to kill and wound 21 natives.

There are new residents on the island. Besides Friday's father, there was the Spaniard. Robinson expanded the cereal planting area and sent Friday's father back to contact the Spanish to prepare to bring the remaining Spanish to the island. Then, they can build a big ship together and sail to Brazil.

After Friday's father left, another thing happened on the island. A British merchant ship passing by in the nearby sea started a riot. The thugs on the ship hijacked the captain and first mate, drove a small boat towards Robinson's island. They planned to throw the captain and first mate on a desert island and then drive away the merchant ship. Together, Robinson and Friday killed and dispersed the thugs, rescued the captain and first mate, and helped them recapture the merchant ship. In this way, he no longer waited for Friday's father and others to come back, and decided to return home on a British merchant ship. Before leaving, he handed over the island's property to two thugs who were captured by him. Because they committed the crime of hijacking merchant ships, they would be hanged when they returned to England. They could no longer go back. Robinson told them how to live on the island and asked them to cooperate with the Spanish who were coming to run the island well.

In 1686, Robinson Crusoe left the island he had worked so hard to manage, and took Friday back to his long-awaited hometown. He had been wandering for 35 years. He returned home and found that his parents had died long ago, leaving only his two sisters and two nephews at home. He went to Brazil to see his plantation and found that loyal friends had been keeping money for him. Robinson is already a rich man with thousands of pounds in cash.

After Robinson returned to England with Friday, he got married and had three lovely children. His wife died a few years later. While he was sad, his ambition for adventure ignited again. He once again sailed for business, with his nephew as the captain. Their fleets sailed to the East Indies and China. When passing by the desert island where Robinson lived in the past, I found that many British and Spanish people had settled here. The people on the island are very prosperous and prosperous. Robinson left the island with satisfaction.

On their way to Brazil, some barbarians attacked his ship and killed Friday. Robinson started from Brazil, detoured around the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at the coast of China. The sailors on the ship participated in a massacre in a port, and Robinson severely rebuked them. The sailors forced his nephew to send him to the coast of China. Robinson joined a caravan in China and returned to England via Siberia. As he was away from England for most of his 54 years, he lived happily for a while. But his adventurous character made him ready to travel far again. After this trip, he may never come back.

What is the charm of "Robinson Crusoe"? On the surface, it only attracts readers with its adventure life plot, but its deeper meaning is as British literary historian Allen believes. It is a fable that includes everyone's life: "In the final analysis, each of us is lonely and suffers from loneliness. Defoe symbolically described this loneliness: Robinson Crusoe and God were thrown into the desert together. The island. Therefore, "Robinson Crusoe" is actually a fable describing the experiences and feelings of ordinary people. Because we are all Robinson, being lonely like Robinson is the fate of human beings." The whole article focuses on the description. It tells the story of Robinson overcoming numerous difficulties through his own labor on a desert island, finally overcoming the harsh environment, returning to his hometown with the indigenous people on Friday, and living a happy life.

What I admire most is not Robinson’s diligence and bravery, but his amazing mental endurance. It is conceivable that a lonely living person has lived alone on a desert island for more than ten years without anyone to accompany him. Even the most basic thing is that he cannot have a simple conversation with one person. There are no houses or rice fields on the entire deserted island. He can only rely on his own hard work to create a world.

In fact, Robinson is also an ordinary person. He does not have any amazing abilities to struggle in this desolate environment for a long time. But he withstood the blow and showed a psychological endurance beyond ordinary people. In order to regain his courage, Robinson wrote a powerful difference list to analyze all the possibilities. Whether it was negative or positive, this allowed him to calm down, free himself from the days of only daydreaming, and learn to find hope from despair, so that he could bravely face reality and improve the current situation.

But compared to Robinson, the psychological endurance of our contemporary students seems to be too bad. Not to mention going through the kind of hardships like Robinson Crusoe, even some unsatisfactory things as big as sesame seeds will be easily defeated.

I often learn from newspapers and TV that every year many students run away from home or even commit suicide. The reasons are often just a few quarrels with their parents, failure to achieve ideal results in exams, or teachers’ harsh criticisms. Some people He even has the aura of "seeing death as home". In fact, this is a sign of psychological fragility. How ridiculous and sad it is!

Robinson’s image fits the spirit of British society in the 18th century. Robinson is eager for adventure and unwilling to live a mediocre life. He is a representative figure in the rising period of the bourgeoisie. After he was trapped on a desert island, he encountered many seemingly insurmountable difficulties. However, with his strong perseverance and unyielding determination, he solved the problems of housing, food, tools, etc. one by one, and lived a comfortable life. He is very optimistic, full of fighting spirit, and embodies the spirit of self-struggle. His creative labor and results also embody the infinite charm of human wisdom. Robinson was a bourgeois hero full of pioneering and enterprising spirit, as well as a colonial representative full of desire for conquest and ambition to expand territory. As soon as he established a foothold on the island, he erected a landing mark on the seaside. In the relationship between him and Friday described later, Robinson's image of a colonialist is more obvious. Therefore, "Robinson Crusoe" is an ode to the struggling spirit of capitalism and a narrative that attempts to legitimize colonialism. The language of this work is plain and the narrative is precise. The excerpt of this chapter describes Robinson's process of settling on a desert island by himself. It seems very difficult or even impossible, but the author presents Robinson's process of selecting a site and building a house in precise and specific details. What we see in front of us has a strong sense of reality and is very credible, making us feel that we would do the same thing if we were in Robinson's position. No wonder later generations call Defoe the "father of British novels" and "Robinson." "Robinson Crusoe" is regarded as the foundation of realist novels. Robinson was born in a middle-class family in England. Although his father hoped that he could earn a family fortune through hard work in his hometown and live a peaceful life, from an early age, Robinson had made the decision to travel around the world. ambition. In 1651, he quietly left his hometown and began his first adventure.

He bought some cheap items from London, then went to Africa by sea, and exchanged gold sand, ivory and other valuable items with the local natives, making huge profits. Seeing that it was profitable, he went to Africa again, but unfortunately he encountered pirates. He himself became the slave of the bandit leader. But he was good at observing faces and soon gained the trust of the robbers, who relaxed their supervision of him. He took the opportunity to escape and took away the little black slave Xuli. After 10 days on the run at sea, he was rescued by a ship bound for Brazil. After arriving in Brazil, he sold his young slaves, bought a small manor, and began his life as a manor owner. But he was not content with mediocrity, and once again ventured out to sea to sell black people in Africa. This time, bad luck again. The ship ran aground and sank near South America. Except for him who escaped death and climbed onto a desert island, everyone else was buried in the belly of a fish. The island is deserted and there are no wild animals. He began a lonely life that lasted for 28 years.

He was not discouraged. He first made a raft and transported all the useful things on the sunken ship back to the island, including food, sail cloth, guns and ammunition, fresh water, and wine. , clothes, tools, etc. He pitched a tent with canvas and established a camp for himself. Then he began to survey the topography of the island. He chose a small cave at the foot of the hillside as a shelter. It took several months to expand and make tables, chairs and other furniture using simple tools. In order to guard against wild beasts, he set up traps at the entrance of the cave to form a "castle". After the arrangements were made, the food and water on the ship were running out. He started looking for food and water again.

There are many wild goats on the desert island. In addition to hunting, he also raised them. By chance, green rice and wheat seedlings grew out of the remaining grain in the bags carrying feed on the ship during the rainy season. He collected seeds to expand the planting the following year. On the other side of the island, he also discovered patches of fruit trees. He built a hut near the orchard as his "villa". The beach is equally rich in products, with many turtles and birds. He captures them to improve nutrition. He caught another parrot and named it "Boer". There are also several streams on the island that provide fresh water, so food and drink are basically guaranteed.

Robinson gradually began to engage in agriculture and animal husbandry, and achieved great success. In the first year, he harvested two bushels of rice and two bushels of barley. He ground the grains into flour and made earthenware pots for cooking so that he could eat bread. He also built a large wooden fence around the island to raise the captured sheep together. In this way, not only will you have mutton to eat, but you will also have goat milk to drink. He sewed hats, coats and umbrellas for himself from sheepskins. He relied on his own efforts and had all the necessities in life. In the sixth year of his life, he built a canoe and spent another two years digging a 6-foot-wide canal so that he could place the boat in a small river half a mile away. Go inside. He drove this wooden boat and inspected around the island like a king, full of pride.

One day several years later, an accident finally occurred. A group of savages rowed from another island and invaded his territory. They ate some of the prisoners and sang and danced. Robinson was filled with fear that he would be discovered and eaten. He found a very secluded and deep cave as his new residence, and set up extensive mechanisms to protect himself. After a long time like this, he has spent 23 years safely on the island. Soon, another group of cannibal barbarians came to the island.

Robinson was determined to defend his territory. He grabbed his gun and lurked nearby. Suddenly a prisoner broke free from the rope and ran toward him, followed by several savages. Robinson shot and killed the chasing barbarians and rescued the prisoner. That day happened to be Friday, so he named the prisoner "Friday". From then on, "Friday" became his loyal servant and friends.

In less than a year, Friday had learned English. He told Robinson that 17 white people had been shipwrecked on the island where he lived. Robinson wanted to rescue them and return to civilized society with them. So, he and Friday built a canoe and got ready to go. Just then, another group of savages came to the island with many prisoners, including a white man. He rescued the white man, and also Friday's father. In this fierce battle, he and Friday used muskets and other weapons to kill and wound 21 natives.

There are new residents on the island. Besides Friday's father, there was the Spaniard. Robinson expanded the cereal planting area and sent Friday's father back to contact the Spanish to prepare to bring the remaining Spanish to the island. Then, they can build a big ship together and sail to Brazil.

After Friday's father left, another thing happened on the island. A British merchant ship passing by in the nearby sea started a riot. The thugs on the ship hijacked the captain and first mate, drove a small boat towards Robinson's island. They planned to throw the captain and first mate on a desert island and then drive away the merchant ship. Together, Robinson and Friday killed and dispersed the thugs, rescued the captain and first mate, and helped them recapture the merchant ship. In this way, he no longer waited for Friday's father and others to come back, and decided to return home on a British merchant ship. Before leaving, he handed over the island's property to two thugs who were captured by him. Because they committed the crime of hijacking merchant ships, they would be hanged when they returned to England. They could no longer go back. Robinson told them how to live on the island and asked them to cooperate with the Spanish who were coming to run the island well.

In 1686, Robinson Crusoe left the island he had worked so hard to manage, and took Friday back to his long-awaited hometown. He had been wandering for 35 years. He returned home and found that his parents had died long ago, leaving only his two sisters and two nephews at home. He went to Brazil to see his plantation and found that loyal friends had been keeping money for him. Robinson is already a rich man with thousands of pounds in cash.

After Robinson returned to England with Friday, he got married and had three lovely children. His wife died a few years later. While he was sad, his ambition for adventure ignited again. He once again sailed for business, with his nephew as the captain. Their fleets sailed to the East Indies and China. When passing by the desert island where Robinson lived in the past, I found that many British and Spanish people had settled here. The people on the island are very prosperous and prosperous. Robinson left the island with satisfaction.

On their way to Brazil, some barbarians attacked his ship and killed Friday. Robinson started from Brazil, detoured around the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at the coast of China. The sailors on the ship participated in a massacre in a port, and Robinson severely rebuked them. The sailors forced his nephew to send him to the coast of China. Robinson joined a caravan in China and returned to England via Siberia. As he was away from England for most of his 54 years, he lived happily for a while. But his adventurous character made him ready to travel far again. After this trip, he may never come back.

What is the charm of "Robinson Crusoe"? On the surface, it only attracts readers with its adventure life plot, but its deeper meaning is as British literary historian Allen believes. It is a fable that includes everyone's life: "In the final analysis, each of us is lonely and suffers from loneliness. Defoe symbolically described this loneliness: Robinson Crusoe and God were thrown into the desert together. The island. Therefore, "Robinson Crusoe" is actually a fable describing the experiences and feelings of ordinary people. Because we are all Robinson, being lonely like Robinson is the fate of human beings." The whole article focuses on the description. It tells the story of Robinson overcoming numerous difficulties through his own labor on a desert island, finally overcoming the harsh environment, returning to his hometown with the indigenous people on Friday, and living a happy life.

What I admire most is not Robinson’s diligence and bravery, but his amazing mental endurance. It is conceivable that a lonely living person has lived alone on a desert island for more than ten years without anyone to accompany him. Even the most basic thing is that he cannot have a simple conversation with one person. There are no houses or rice fields on the entire deserted island. He can only rely on his own hard work to create a world.

In fact, Robinson is also an ordinary person. He does not have any amazing abilities to struggle in this desolate environment for a long time. But he withstood the blow and showed a psychological endurance beyond ordinary people. In order to regain his courage, Robinson wrote a powerful difference list to analyze all the possibilities. Whether it was negative or positive, this allowed him to calm down, free himself from the days of only daydreaming, and learn to find hope from despair, so that he could bravely face reality and improve the current situation.

But compared to Robinson, the psychological endurance of our contemporary students seems to be too bad.

Not to mention going through the kind of hardships like Robinson Crusoe, even some unsatisfactory things as big as sesame seeds will be easily defeated. I often learn from newspapers and TV that every year many students run away from home or even commit suicide. The reasons are often just a few quarrels with their parents, failure to achieve ideal results in exams, or teachers’ harsh criticisms. Some people He even has the aura of "seeing death as home". In fact, this is a sign of psychological fragility. How ridiculous and sad it is!

In the West, there is a novel that Rousseau, the most outstanding thinker in Europe in the 18th century, suggested that every growing teenager, especially boys, should read it. So, what kind of book is this?

This book is called "Robinson Crusoe". The story is not complicated: Robinson, who was born in a businessman's family, was not willing to live a mediocre life like his father, and yearned for an overseas life full of adventure and challenges, so he resolutely gave up his comfortable life and left home to sail privately. , to realize the dream of traveling around the world, but every time he went through hardships and dangers. There was a storm that overturned the ship, and Robinson was thrown by the waves to an uninhabited island, where he spent 28 years of loneliness. The main part of the novel is a vivid description of his life on a desert island.

In addition to the wonderful and bizarre stories, the most attractive part of the novel is Robinson's character. He dares to take risks and pursue a free and unrestrained life. Even if you live on a desert island, you will never be discouraged. Alone on an uninhabited island that lacked the most basic living conditions, he overcame many difficulties that ordinary people could not imagine. He survived with amazing perseverance. There was no house, so he built it himself. Without food, he tried hunting, planting millet, training goats, and drying wild raisins. He also tried to make tables and chairs, pottery, and dried noodles with scarves to make bread. In his 24th year on the island, he also rescued a savage. Name him "Friday". Under his education, "Friday" became a loyal slave. In this way, Robinson established his own material and spiritual kingdom on the desert island. Facing the difficulties in life, Robinson's actions showed the perseverance and heroic nature of a tough guy. It embodies the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the rising bourgeoisie period. Now, in the West, "Robinson" has become synonymous with adventurers and a hero in the minds of millions of readers.

The reason why "Robinson Crusoe" has become an immortal masterpiece in the history of literature lies in its authenticity and extraordinary artistic expression. Before him, most European novels were mainly based on the achievements of emperors and generals or the romantic legends of knights and beauties. Defoe began to try to use everyday language to describe the lives of ordinary people. Although the novel is a fictional story, the description of Robinson Crusoe's life on the desert island is realistic and natural, showing the author's extraordinary image power and artistic expression. In addition, the novel adopts the first-person narrative method throughout, and the language is clear, simple and vivid, all of which add a lot of charm to the work. The spirit is worth learning!

My thoughts after reading "Robinson Crusoe"

The book "Robinson Crusoe" is written in the form of the first person, which makes people feel There is an indescribable sense of intimacy. I always seem to have a feeling of never getting tired of reading, because I like adventure, and from Robinson, I saw a unique spirit, which gave me an impulse to take risks, which aroused my scream.

Robinson is a native of York, England. He is adventurous by nature, resolute in character, and has an indomitable spirit. For his own ideals, he insisted on sailing around the world despite his parents' objections. He went to sea several times, made some money, and maybe learned some farming and business methods. Later, he drifted to this uninhabited island. He struggled with the savages, saved Friday, and built a "home" of his own with the few resources he had. He relied on his own strength and lived on the island for thirty-five years... Friday was an indigenous man and was captured in an inter-tribal war. Robinson saved his life and civilized him with Western civilization. Finally became Robinson's loyal servant.

When he first set foot on the island, Robinson had little to rely on, but later he discovered the large ship he was on that was broken by the waves, and moved many daily necessities from it to make his life easier. Maybe God still pities him. Despite this, Robinson still worked diligently. In order to prevent the attacks of wild beasts, he made great efforts on his residence; in order not to starve to death, he relied on a small amount of gunpowder to capture food... All of this, It’s a world of difference from our current lives. Our life can be said to be about getting what we want. If I were placed in such an uninhabited place, I would be dying in less than two days, let alone stay there for thirty-five years.

And Robinson's strength gave me an inspiration. I want to exercise that tenacious spirit and go to a desert island to practice my self-care ability, as long as there are no savages and beasts.