From 19 12 to 193 1, how did the northeast become a "four provinces 172 county"?

In the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), Wuchang took the initiative, and the provinces responded, overthrowing the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ending the autocratic monarchy for more than 2,000 years and establishing the bourgeois regime of the Republic of China. From 19 12 to the Republic of China on the eve of the founding of Manchukuo 193 1, the administrative division of Northeast China can be roughly divided into two stages: one is the period of Beijing government, and the other is the period of Nanjing National Government.

1. During the Beijing government period (19 12 1928), the administrative divisions of the Qing Dynasty implemented a three-level system of provinces, prefectures (Zhili Prefecture, Zhili Hall) and counties (scattered prefectures and scattered halls). In the early stage, the Beijing government followed the previous system of clearing the old.

After the Revolution of 1911, 19 12 began to abandon officials (prefectures and departments) to save the county and work in the county. 191365438+10, the interim president of the Republic of China issued an order to unify the local administrative organizations of provinces, provinces and counties. Since then, prefectures and counties have been generally abolished and a three-level system of provinces, prefectures and counties has been implemented. This is the first state order to reorganize administrative regions in modern China, which stipulates that the provincial chief executive should be called the chief of civil affairs (1965438+changed to the governor in May 2004 and changed to the governor in July 2006); The provincial military and political chief is called the viceroy (changed to general in June 2004, overseer in July 2006 and overseer in June 2004). The CEO of Dao called Observer (1965438+renamed Dao Yin in May 2004). The county magistrate is called the sheriff.

Subsequently, a series of administrative divisions were adjusted. 19 14 1 At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Rehe area of the former province was set as the provincial special administrative region of Rehe (under the jurisdiction of the former Rehe River in Zhili, the Zhuosotumeng League in Inner Mongolia and the Chengde League in Zhaowuda). 1924, the former Soviet Union reverted to the Russian occupation of the local administrative power along the Middle East railway (with Harbin as the center, Suifenhe in the east and Manzhouli in the west) (300 Li on each side of the railway), which was equivalent to the provincial level. East province special administrative region? (The competent authority is located in Binjiang, now Harbin).

In terms of county-level administrative divisions, in June of 5438+09 14 and June of 5438+04, the decision of keeping one county with the same name in each province and changing other counties into counties was implemented, and the principle of renaming was clarified. Where there are two counties with the same name, and new or large trading ports are restored to the old ones, they will be changed to fifteen counties in the northeast. This is another major reorganization in the history of administrative divisions in Northeast China, after which most county names in Northeast China tend to be stable.

During this period, in some remote and newly developed areas, administrative offices were set up for those who planned to set up counties. As a transitional institution before setting up counties, their nature was like dividing counties, which was an important part of the administrative division of Northeast China during the Beijing government period. Many counties are vast and difficult to manage. 1965438+In August, 2004, The System of County Assistant Officials was published. Later, some provinces (not generally established) set up county assistants in the county territory of Jin Yao as county Masanosuke, and their residence was based on the principle that they were not in the same city as the county governor. The domain name of the jurisdiction is called sub-county, which is still a part of the county and does not belong to the same level. Except for a few, most of the county helpers were abandoned in February 1930.

2. During the period of Nanjing National Government (1929 193 1 year),1end of 928, Zhang Xueliang? Northeast China changed its flag? . From 1928 to 193 1, the Nanjing government period on the eve of the founding of Manchukuo was a provincial and county system.

1September, 928, the Jehol area was abolished and the Jehol province (capital Chengde) was established. As for the movement to build a province in Jehol, it began in the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty and was constantly invaded by Russian aggression. Under the pressure of the situation, the Qing government had to gradually change its policy of governing Mongolia in order to strengthen its rule in the northern frontier. It is a historical move to abandon the policy of banning farming and encourage Han people to move to Mongolia to open up wasteland or rent land. What is the true fate of immigration? .

After the Russo-Japanese War, Mongolia's border crisis became more acute. The motion of establishing a province in Mongolia also followed. However, in the Qing dynasty, Jehol did not build a province. Li believes that the resistance and opposition of Mongolian princes is an important aspect, but it is mainly because of the financial difficulties of the Qing government during the New Deal. Although it was discussed at the end of the Qing dynasty but not built, some basic principles of building a province, such as the boundaries of administrative areas, the size of territory and the administrative levels of government, ministries, States and counties, have been roughly determined. During the Republic of China, Jehol was formally established as a province, which naturally came down in one continuous line with the proposal of establishing a province in the late Qing Dynasty and was closely related.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), the Northeast Administrative Committee was established. According to the spirit of the two-level system of provinces and counties in the Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, the system of abolishing roads is implemented, and counties are directly under the jurisdiction of provinces. It was not until February 1930 that the 207th political meeting of the Kuomintang Central Committee officially passed the decision to abolish Daoyin. Except Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, Jehol is under the jurisdiction of the Northeast Government Affairs Committee. Northeast China has become four provinces 172 county. What did the Republic of China set up in its own province? Administrative supervision area? , not implemented in Northeast China.

1929 February because? Fengtian? The word contains a strong monarch color, which is taken? Permanent Peace in Liaohe River Basin? Fengtian was changed to Liaoning Province. In September of the same year, Jilin, the capital of Jilin, was renamed Yongji.

During this period, the urban system was created in administrative divisions. 1921July, the Beiyang government promulgated the municipal autonomy system, and set up special cities and ordinary cities as autonomous groups. During the Kuomintang government, the city was officially designated as a local administrative region. 1927 After the Kuomintang government made Nanjing its capital, it established a special city. 1928 In July, the Organic Law of the Special Municipality and the Organic Law of the Ordinary Municipality were officially promulgated, stipulating that the Special Municipality is directly under the Central Government. Ordinary cities belong to the provincial government.

1930 in may, the municipal organization law was promulgated, abolishing the special city and the ordinary city. The city was divided into two parts: the former was directly under the Executive Yuan and the latter was under the provincial government. This situation was interrupted during the Manchukuo period, as well as during the confrontation period. The establishment of the city system is another important milestone in the history of administrative divisions after the establishment of the province in the Yuan Dynasty.

From April 1927 to the end of June 1947, ordinary cities (provincial cities) have been established in Shenyang, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Anshan, Lushun, Benxi, Fushun, Tonghua, Anton, Siping, Jilin, Changchun, Mudanjiang, Yanji, Jiamusi, Bei 'an, Qiqihar and Hailar. After the establishment of Nanjing government, the number of administrative offices increased greatly during this period, and many administrative offices were upgraded to counties.