The evolution of culture in the West Liaohe River basin

According to the published dating data, archaeological research results and field archaeological data analysis of Holocene archaeological cultural sites in the West Liaohe River Basin, the evolution sequence of cultural landscape in the West Liaohe River Basin since Holocene is systematically sorted out, and the main conclusions are as follows:

1) to about 4800aB. P, prehistoric primitive agricultural culture experienced the initial germination and accumulation, and entered the stage of developed farming culture in Hongshan period. Xiaohe culture is distributed in the loess hilly area in the southeast of the West Liaohe River Basin. In the Xinglongwa Culture stage, the primitive agricultural culture in this area was formed, and the cultural landscape began to spread in space, spreading northward to the piedmont hilly plain at the southeast foot of Daxing 'anling Mountains. Zhaobaogou culture is in the development period of primitive agricultural culture and has entered the stage of ploughing agriculture. The cultural landscape pattern is basically the same as that of Xinglongwa Culture. During the Hongshan Culture period, primitive agricultural culture flourished for the first time, and the southeast of the basin formed the center of regional cultural landscape, where culture gathered and spread in space. A large number of Hongshan Culture sites have been found in the basins of Xinluo Mulun River and Wulijimulun River in the north.

2) Around 4.8 kab.p., Hongshan agricultural culture declined and Xiaoheyan culture was formed. Xiaoheyan culture and Hongshan Culture have a certain inheritance relationship, but the culture has declined.

3) Around 4.1kab.p., Xiajiadian's lower culture rose, the area entered the Bronze Age, and prehistoric agriculture developed to a higher stage. Xiajiadian lower cultural sites are concentrated in the loess hilly terrace south of Horqin sandy land today, but the distribution of such cultural sites is basically not found in the Xilamulun River and Wulijimulun River basins in the north.

4) Xiajiadian's lower culture was gradually replaced by Xiajiadian's upper culture around 3.3 ~ 3.2 kab.p, and the cultural transformation took place in Xiliao River Basin. Animal husbandry culture prevailed in this area for the first time, and the distribution of cultural sites exceeded that of Xiajiadian lower culture.

5) During the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty, the agricultural population in the Central Plains moved northward, and the agricultural culture and animal husbandry culture merged, forming a cultural landscape of agriculture and animal husbandry in the south of Yan Qin Changcheng and the north of Yanshan Mountains. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the cultural landscape of agriculture and animal husbandry moved south, and a typical cultural landscape of agriculture and animal husbandry was formed in the West Liaohe River Basin. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, with the establishment of the Liao Dynasty, a large number of agricultural population moved into the Xiliaohe River Basin, forming a broad agricultural and pastoral cultural landscape between the northern foothills of Yanshan Mountain and the southeastern foothills of Daxing 'anling Mountains. During the Yongle period from Jin Dynasty to Ming Dynasty, the agricultural culture in the West Liaohe River Basin gradually declined, and the agricultural and pastoral cultural landscape gradually moved south. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the animal husbandry cultural landscape occupied the whole West Liaohe River basin and lasted until the early Qing Dynasty.

6) From the early Qing Dynasty to Xianfeng period, the Qing Dynasty adopted the policy of combining land reclamation with land reclamation, and agricultural culture slowly moved northward. By the end of Xianfeng, an agricultural cultural landscape area was formed in the south, a typical farming-pastoral ecotone in the middle and an animal husbandry cultural landscape area in the north. From the late Qing Dynasty to modern times, the reclamation policy was implemented in this area, and a large number of agricultural population moved into the West Liaohe River area, and the northern boundary of the agricultural cultural landscape area also moved to the north line of Aohan Banner in the south of Onniute Banner. A typical animal husbandry cultural landscape area is formed between the north of the line and the southeast foot of Daxinganling.