How to further innovate the system and mechanism of rural poverty alleviation and development

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the new century, under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China's poverty alleviation and development has made remarkable achievements, the poverty-stricken population has been greatly reduced, and the production and living conditions of people in poverty-stricken areas have been significantly improved, thus embarking on a road of poverty alleviation and development with China characteristics. However, we should also be soberly aware that the scale of poverty alleviation targets in China is still very large, the per capita income of farmers in poverty-stricken areas is less than 2/3 of the national average, infrastructure construction and social and cultural undertakings are still seriously lagging behind, and the problem of people who have solved food and clothing returning to poverty due to disasters and illness is prominent. At the same time, most poverty-stricken areas have fragile ecological environment, frequent natural disasters, poor living conditions and low education level, and the poverty problem presents regional and comprehensive characteristics. ?

The most arduous and arduous task of building a well-off society in an all-round way is in rural areas, especially in poverty-stricken areas. Proceeding from the strategy and overall situation, we should regard poverty alleviation and development as a major event related to the political direction, fundamental system and development path of our party and country, as the focus, difficulty and focus of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and put it in a more prominent position, so as to accelerate the pace of poverty-stricken people getting rid of poverty and building a well-off society in poverty-stricken areas in an all-round way and ensure the realization of the Outline of Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (201-2020).

At present and in the future, poverty alleviation and development work will focus on "hard bones", "deep water areas" and "tough battles". We will continue to declare war on poverty and never let it be passed down from generation to generation. We should fully understand the protracted nature, arduousness and complexity of poverty alleviation and development, further enhance our sense of responsibility and urgency, form a more coordinated, efficient and sustainable new system and mechanism for poverty alleviation and development through reform and innovation, and solidly promote poverty alleviation and development with more powerful measures, more effective organization and more tenacious perseverance. ?

It is necessary to accelerate regional development and poverty alleviation and development in concentrated contiguous areas with special difficulties. To fight the tough battle of poverty alleviation and development, it is necessary to focus on contiguous poverty-stricken areas as the main battlefield, and the state's poverty alleviation funds and policies are inclined to these areas, strive to improve infrastructure and basic public services in poverty-stricken areas, actively guide industrial transfer and cultivate industries with distinctive advantages, and create a big environment conducive to "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation through regional overall development. Accelerate the implementation of the poverty alleviation plan for regional development in concentrated contiguous destitute areas, establish a monitoring and evaluation system for planning implementation, and ensure the implementation of task initiatives and engineering projects. Coordinate poverty alleviation planning, urbanization planning and comprehensive transportation planning, accelerate the development of transportation facilities, especially railways, in the central and western regions, and promote industrial transfer and poverty alleviation. Broaden the thinking and vision of poverty alleviation and development work, combine the overall strategy of national economic and social development, adjust measures to local conditions, and take multiple measures simultaneously. For places with harsh natural conditions, fragile ecological environment and strong desire for people to move, we should earnestly protect the environment and explore new ways of combining ecological migration, returning farmland to forests and developing characteristic and advantageous industries. Where there are development conditions, appropriate agriculture means agriculture, appropriate forest means forest, appropriate grazing means grazing, and appropriate training means training, so as to improve the effectiveness of development-oriented poverty alleviation. ?

It is necessary to innovate the working mechanism of poverty alleviation and development. The first is to improve the assessment mechanism of poverty-stricken counties. Make good use of the baton of assessment, shift from the main assessment of GDP to the main assessment of the effectiveness of poverty alleviation and development, take improving the living standards of poor people and reducing the number of poor people as the main indicators of assessment and evaluation, and urge poor county cadres, especially party and government leading cadres, to earnestly do a good job in poverty alleviation and development. The second is to establish a precise poverty alleviation mechanism. It is necessary to find out who the poor people are, how poor they are, why they are poor, how to get rid of poverty and who will help them. Then, set up a file and set up a card door by door, and make policies according to households, so as to achieve accurate identification, directional support, dynamic management, and help the poor, and change "flood irrigation" into "drip irrigation", which not only saves resources, but also ensures poverty alleviation to villages and households. The third is to improve the assistance mechanism for resident cadres. Give play to the role of village cadres in matchmaking, attracting investment, attracting talents and participating in management, and transport scarce resources such as funds, technology, information and talents to enhance the vitality and motivation of poor villages. Combine the effect of resident assistance with the performance appraisal of poverty alleviation units and resident cadres, establish incentive mechanism, implement safeguard measures, and realize the long-term and institutionalized work of resident assistance. The fourth is to reform the management mechanism of financial special poverty alleviation funds. Simplify the process of fund allocation, and delegate the project approval authority to the county in principle. Integrate poverty alleviation and related agriculture-related funds on the platform of poverty alleviation planning and major poverty alleviation projects. Combine the fund allocation with the results of work assessment and performance evaluation of fund use, and explore competitive distribution methods such as replacing compensation with awards. Publicize poverty alleviation projects to the society, gradually introduce social forces to participate in supervision, and let public funds run in the sun. Strictly control poverty alleviation funds according to law, and seriously deal with illegal acts such as corruption, embezzlement and misappropriation. The fifth is to improve the financial service mechanism. Give play to the guiding role of policy financial institutions and focus on supporting the development of infrastructure and leading industries in poverty-stricken areas. Guide and encourage commercial financial institutions to increase credit supply and insurance coverage in poor areas. On the basis of effective risk control, actively support the development of cooperative finance in poor areas and give play to its advantages of being close to farmers and flexible and diverse. We will further promote micro-loans, micro-loans for rural youth entrepreneurship and micro-secured loans for women. The sixth is to innovate the social participation mechanism. Carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation in helping the poor and giving charity, and mobilize all kinds of enterprises, social organizations and individuals to help the poor people in rural areas in various forms. Establish an effective coordination and supervision mechanism to ensure that donations are directly used for poverty alleviation targets and maintain the good reputation of social poverty alleviation. Every five years, in the name of the leading group for poverty alleviation and development of the State Council, a social commendation for poverty alleviation will be held to create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care for and support poverty alleviation. ?

It is necessary to organize and implement the key work of poverty alleviation and development. On the basis of continuing to do a good job in promoting the whole village, relocating ex situ to help the poor, replacing work with relief, promoting employment and ecological construction, we will do a good job in the key work of 10. First, smooth village roads. By 2020, qualified villages will have asphalt roads, cement roads and shuttle buses. The second is the safety of drinking water. By 20 15, the drinking water safety problems of the remaining rural residents and school teachers and students in poverty-stricken areas in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the National Rural Drinking Water Safety Project will be solved, and the rural drinking water safety guarantee and tap water popularization rate will be further improved by 2020. Third, rural electricity security work, by 20 15 years, completely solve the problem of electricity consumption for people without electricity. The fourth is the renovation of dilapidated houses. By 2020, we will complete the task of rebuilding dilapidated houses in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas and solve the housing security problem of poor farmers. The fifth is to increase the income of characteristic industries. By 2020, a characteristic pillar industry system will be initially established in poverty-stricken areas. Sixth, rural tourism helps the poor. By 2020, support about 6000 poor villages to carry out rural tourism and promote the employment of rural labor force. Seventh, education helps the poor. By 2020, preschool education will be basically popularized in poverty-stricken areas, the level of compulsory education will be further improved, high school education will be popularized, the quality of basic education will be greatly improved, the vocational education system will be more perfect, and education, training and employment will be more closely linked. Eighth, health and family planning work. By 2020, people in poverty-stricken areas will enjoy more equal access to public health and basic medical services, the service level will be further improved, the low fertility level will continue to be stable, and the population will gradually develop in a balanced way. Ninth, cultural construction. By 2020, radio and television households will be fully connected. The tenth is the informatization of poor villages. By 2020, natural villages will basically have broadband access. Through the implementation of these key tasks, the quality and level of poverty alleviation and development will be continuously improved.

We should give full play to the power of the whole party and society to promote poverty alleviation and development and implement the widest social mobilization. Poverty alleviation and development should give full play to Socialism with Chinese characteristics's institutional advantages, with the whole party's hands-on, national mobilization and the participation of the whole society, pool resources from all sides, and make comprehensive policies to form a strong joint force. Party committees and governments at all levels, especially party and government leading bodies and cadres in the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas, should take poverty alleviation and development as their primary task, and governments at all levels should increase their support for poverty alleviation and development, so as to form a poverty alleviation strategy and policy system conducive to the accelerated development of poverty-stricken areas and poor objects. Counties with heavy poverty alleviation tasks should choose the leading bodies of poverty alleviation departments and enrich their work force; Towns and villages with heavy poverty alleviation tasks should have special cadres responsible for poverty alleviation and development. At the same time, it is necessary to build a good mechanism and way to guide social forces to participate in poverty alleviation more effectively, improve the "trinity" pattern of special poverty alleviation, industry poverty alleviation and social poverty alleviation, and allocate poverty alleviation resources nationwide. ?

We should give full play to the role of the government and the market in poverty alleviation and development. While increasing investment in poverty alleviation and development, the government should simplify administration, decentralize power and change its functions. Do a good job in the top-level design of poverty alleviation and development, rationally divide the central and local poverty alleviation powers, increase state support for major infrastructure construction and cross-regional economic cooperation, and strengthen ecological protection and regional economic cooperation.

Basic public services; Local governments should optimize and integrate poverty alleviation resources, and do a good job in skills training, basic living and expanding ways to get rich for the poor. In areas where resources can be allocated through the market to make poverty alleviation and development more effective, the government should create a good environment for market players, attract all kinds of resource elements to allocate to poor areas, and attract all kinds of market players to invest in poor areas. Innovate the way of providing basic public services in poverty-stricken areas and increase the government's efforts to purchase public services. Anything suitable for the market and social organizations can be entrusted to the market and social organizations through entrustment, contracting and procurement. Efforts should be made to stimulate the endogenous development momentum in poverty-stricken areas, fully tap the internal development potential, and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of cadres and masses in poverty-stricken areas.