What are the platforms of the American Democratic Party and the American Republican Party respectively ~ ~

Before the US presidential election, both parties will hold a national congress to listen to and pass the party program drafted by the platform drafting committee to prepare for election propaganda. The last time was in 2004.

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American Democratic Party Program in 2004: Strong country, global respect.

The platform of the Democratic Party in 2004: stronger at home and respected in the world.

For the full text and explanation, please open the following official website link:

/Chinese /2004/Jul/623063.htm

In 2004, the Party Program of the Democratic Party of the United States (hereinafter referred to as the Party Program) was established by the Democratic Party in "9? After the "1 1" incident, the party's views on diplomacy, security, economy and internal affairs were comprehensively and systematically expounded for the first time. In addition to the introduction, the evening program is divided into four parts:

First, create a "strong and respected America"

As far as election issues are concerned, a significant difference between the 2004 American election and previous elections is that diplomacy and national security have become the top priorities of voters for the first time. "9? The horror of the "1 1" incident shocked the hearts of Americans; From the collapse of the World Trade Center, Americans intuitively realized that in the era of Al Qaeda, the United States is no longer a carefree "mainland island", but the primary target of terrorism. People also realize that the homeland security of the United States is closely related to its foreign policy. With the change of American people's security concept and the emphasis on foreign policy, the confrontation between the two parties on foreign and national security policies has become one of the key factors for who can enter the White House. The party program fully embodies the importance that the Democratic Party attaches to foreign policy and national security policy. In the 37-page party program, the explanation of foreign policy and security policy accounts for 13 pages.

The party platform first attacked "9? The foreign policy since the Bush administration 1 1 holds that the unilateralism of the Bush administration deviates from the multilateral tradition of the United States to achieve "leadership" through "forming a strong alliance" for a hundred years, and its "principled compromise contact policy" is a betrayal of American democratic values; Accusing the Bush administration of rashly launching the Iraq war without winning the full support of the international community, exaggerating the connection between Al Qaeda and Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the evidence that Saddam possesses weapons of mass destruction; It is believed that the Bush administration did not send enough soldiers to Iraq, nor did it make a plan to "win peace".

On this basis, the party program put forward the Democratic Party's diplomatic and national security proposition, that is, to strive to build a "strong and respected America"; And pointed out that if the Democratic Party is elected, it will start from the following six aspects:

First of all, through "improving the ability of intelligence agencies to find and stop terrorists", "cutting off the financial support of terrorist organizations" and "preventing Afghanistan and other countries from becoming hotbeds of terrorism", terrorism is finally defeated.

Second, "prevent weapons of mass destruction from falling into the hands of terrorists."

Third, "promote democracy, peace and security" on a global scale. It implies that the Democratic Party will support the US troops to stay in Iraq and prevent Iraq from becoming a "refuge for terrorists and an unstable force in the Middle East".

Fourth, "strengthen the military capabilities of the United States." In particular, the Democratic Party will recruit 40,000 soldiers after being elected, "to maintain our overseas deployment and prevent and prepare for other possible conflicts." At the same time, "improve the combat capability of the US special forces".

Fifth, "realize independent energy supply". The Democratic Party believes that the dependence on oil in the Middle East is the main reason why successive US administrations tolerate autocratic countries in the Middle East represented by Saudi Arabia. To change this situation and ensure the energy security of the United States, the United States should ensure the self-sufficiency of domestic energy supply by "developing renewable energy" and "making full use of electric energy".

Sixth, "strengthen homeland security." Advocating the establishment of "the real highest national intelligence agency, controlling all American intelligence personnel and intelligence budget."

Second, restore a "strong and prosperous American economy."

If Kerry and Bush are neck and neck in diplomacy and security, the economic situation will be much clearer. Washington post's latest poll in July showed that Kerry was 6 percentage points ahead of Bush. In order to consolidate the advantages of the Democratic Party in the economic election, the party platform has launched the Democratic Party's economic program aimed at restoring a "strong and prosperous American economy".

The program holds that the key to restoring "American economic vitality" lies in "creating good employment opportunities" and "supporting the interests of the middle class". Based on this, the United States should focus on the following points: First, support free and fair global trade. Second, carry out corporate tax reform: companies that transfer jobs overseas will no longer enjoy tax incentives, while companies that create jobs in the United States will enjoy tax cuts. Third, formulate and implement plans to revitalize the manufacturing industry. Fourth, encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Fifth, increase investment in high-tech fields and create more employment opportunities. Sixth, cancel the Bush administration's tax cuts for Americans whose annual income exceeds $200,000. Seventh, support raising the minimum wage from the current $ 5. 15 per hour to $7 per hour, and cancel the restrictions imposed by the Bush administration on overtime pay recipients.

Third, keep "the vitality and health of American families"

Since Bush took office, he has implemented a laissez-faire social security policy, advocated the privatization of the old-age security system and medical security, cut the federal government's funding for children's medical care, and did not control the rise in drug prices. This has increased the basic cost of living for ordinary families in the United States, and also triggered their strong dissatisfaction with the Bush administration, and turned to think that "if Kerry comes to power, our life will be better." This sentiment is directly reflected in the poll data. According to the latest poll in Washington post in July, Kerry leads Bush 10 percentage point in social security. In order to stabilize the Democratic Party's election in this respect, the Democratic Party put forward a social security policy aimed at maintaining the vitality and health of American families. The main points are as follows:

First of all, expand the coverage of the medical insurance plan, so that more children and low-income adults can benefit from it, and support Kerry's proposal that "catastrophic" cases should be paid by the government.

Second, oppose the privatization of the social security system, oppose raising the age of receiving retirement benefits, and urge the federal government to assume the "financial responsibility" of this plan again.

Third, it opposes the privatization of the health care system for the elderly, claiming that the Bush administration's prescription drug program is beneficial to pharmaceutical companies, not the elderly, and the Democratic Party vows to reduce the cost of drugs.

Fourthly, the Law on Patients' Rights was promulgated to protect the members of health care organizations.

Fifth, it promises to establish safe and reliable private electronic medical records for all Americans by 2008.

Sixth, lift the Bush administration's restrictions on government funding for stem cell research. Allow "safe" re-import of prescription drugs from other countries. In addition, in terms of education, the new party platform believes that the Bush administration did not implement the No Child Left Behind Act to the letter; It is said that the Democratic Party will invest more resources in the school district and reduce taxes to reduce the cost of university education.

Fourth, create a "vibrant American society"

In this part, the party program touches on extremely sensitive American social issues such as civil liberties, immigration, abortion and homosexuality. Following the liberal tradition of the Democratic Party, the party platform supports the American Patriot Act in terms of civil liberties, but suggests amending the Act to "better protect the privacy and freedom of law-abiding Americans"; On the issue of immigration, support the granting of citizenship to illegal immigrants in the United States who pass background checks. On the question of whether recently laid-off homosexuals can get married, they oppose the Bush administration's amendment to the Constitution to ban same-sex marriage, and think that how to define marriage should be decided by each state. At the same time, the party program also believes that citizens have the freedom to choose abortion.

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America and the party platform in 2004: a safer world and a more hopeful America.

Republican platform in 2004: a safer world and a more hopeful America

For the full text and explanation, please open the following official website link:

/Chinese /2004/Sep/652 136.htm

This 94-page party platform is an election platform for * * * and the party to comprehensively and systematically introduce Bush's policy propositions in security, diplomacy, economy and internal affairs to voters before the 20041October 2 165438+ general election. Compared with the 37-page party program adopted by the Democratic Party a month ago, it is more detailed and systematic. Unlike four years ago, when domestic issues dominated and national security and diplomatic issues were put aside, the party program in 2004 greatly increased the space for anti-terrorism, security and diplomatic issues. From the content point of view, most of the policies listed in the new party platform have repeated Bush's consistent basic positions and principles, waving flags and shouting for Bush's campaign propaganda. At the same time, from some subtle changes and the adjustment of focus, we can also understand the policy tone set by Bush for the future administration.

In addition to the preface and introduction at the beginning and the summary and appeal at the end, the whole party program includes five parts: winning the war on terror, creating an era of ownership, establishing an innovative global competitive economy, consolidating our society and protecting our homeland.

First, publicize Bush's achievements: anti-terrorism, security and diplomacy.

Bush because of "9? The "wartime president" blessed by the "1 1" disaster, anti-terrorism is not only the top priority of his administration, but also the central issue of his re-election and the basis for boosting his support rate. Faced with the accusation that the Democratic Party wrongly launched the Iraq war and misled the American people to fight the endless war on terrorism, the party program spent nearly 40 pages in the first part of Winning the War on Terrorism, telling the achievements made by the Bush administration in the war on terrorism in the past three years and praising the correctness and reliability of Bush's anti-terrorism policy. The party platform not only supports Bush's "preemptive strike" against terrorism, but also believes that no international organization can replace the dominant position of the United States and defend Bush's Iraq war, claiming that after the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the United States not only made the world "safer" but also "better".

First of all, the party program expounded Bush's overall strategy of "winning the war on terror, promoting peace and building a better world", holding that "terrorists fought with the United States a long time ago, and now the United States will declare war on terrorism", and that "the United States will fight with the enemy to defend peace", and at the same time, it strongly defended Bush's decision to invade Iraq, holding that "even if Iraq's weapons of mass destruction cannot be found, Saddam Hussein has the ability to make such weapons".

Second, vowed to consolidate the achievements of the war on terror. The party platform called Iraq one of Bush's greatest achievements, and declared that the Middle East country was "a model of reform in the region". In response to Democratic presidential candidate Kerry's promise of "deploying more foreign troops and rapidly reducing the number of American troops stationed in Iraq", the party platform made a tit-for-tat commitment that the United States will complete its mission in Iraq, and will not reduce its troops there or flee Iraq.

In addition, the party program also elaborated anti-terrorism measures from the aspects of preventing the proliferation of large-scale weapons, strengthening alliance forces to win the war on terrorism, strengthening US national security agencies, supporting the US military, and stabilizing the US's leading position in the world. For example, further implement the biological weapons defense strategy and enhance the ability to resist biological weapons attacks; Strengthen national border control to prevent illegal entry of personnel with better tools, technology and sufficient strength; Establish minimum safety requirements in critical infrastructure (such as chemical plants); Improve the quality and quantity of collected information and increase technical investment.

Especially in the second half of this part, the party program expounds the Bush administration's foreign policy in the context of counter-terrorism, including its policies towards allies, neighboring countries and Africa. For example, the party platform mentioned the importance of US-Japan relations, looked forward to new US-India relations, praised the US-UK and US-Australia relations, and said that the Bush administration and Russia were developing new relations. In the Middle East, the United States will strongly support Israel and so on. Among them, the party platform expressed the goodwill hope of "seeking to establish a constructive relationship with China under the leadership of President Bush", so the China policy was widely concerned by all parties.

According to the latest opinion poll released by Washington post on 3 1, the gap between Bush and Kerry in national security and leading the war on terrorism has widened with the propaganda offensive launched by * * * and the party. On the Iraq issue, Bush's approval rate rose from 46% at the beginning of the month to 52%, while Kerry dropped from 48% to 44%. On counter-terrorism, Bush's support rate rose from 48% at the beginning of the month to 56%, while Kerry dropped from 45% to 38%. It seems that * * * and the party platform spend nearly one-third of their space on anti-terrorism and diplomatic issues, promising that "the United States will lead the global anti-terrorism Coalition and hunt down the remaining terrorists hiding everywhere", obviously not for the sake of drunkenness.

Second, highlight conservative characteristics: economy, unity and family.

Compared with the issues of security and counter-terrorism, although Bush regards "fighting for the economy" as his core task, his performance in internal affairs and economy is really lackluster: the government budget deficit has ballooned to an all-time high of more than 400 billion US dollars, the oil price that concerns people's vital interests has been soaring, the number of poor people has been increasing, and the unemployment rate has remained high. According to the poll data provided by Businessweek, American people's recognition of Bush's economic performance in the past four years is mostly below 50%. At the same time, on domestic issues such as budget deficit, taxation, health care, immigration and education, more than half of the voters believe that the Democratic Party will do better. In order to change voters' attitudes, the party program has devoted most of its space to five chapters, such as "creating an era of ownership" and "establishing an innovative global competitive economy", comprehensively expounding Bush's economic and social policy proposition, hoping to unite voters with * * * and the party's core policy concept.

First of all, in the part of "Starting the Ownership Era", the party program elaborated in detail the policy propositions and specific measures such as increasing savings, strengthening the social security system with higher autonomy, expanding housing ownership, supporting small enterprises, establishing medical care savings accounts, and protecting private property rights, so as to establish the image that Bush cares about people's well-being.

Secondly, in the part of "building an innovative global competitive economy", the party program proposes to support individual entrepreneurship to increase employment opportunities, improve community construction to create a good growth environment for children, and strengthen the global competitiveness of the American economy. The party platform first discusses the tax reduction policies and measures of the Bush administration. After Bush took office, he firmly pursued the economic policy with tax reduction as the core, and achieved the tax reduction target of more than $65,438 +0.6 trillion through three pieces of legislation to repay the core voters and stimulate economic recovery. However, after 2005 1, some tax cuts expired one after another, and Democrats such as Kerry kept calling for the abolition of tax cuts that favored the rich. With the slow recovery of economic index, Bush is determined to make the tax reduction policy permanent, which will become his political legacy for the United States and give the beneficiaries of tax reduction a "reassurance". The party program embodies Bush's ideas and puts forward various measures to deepen the tax reduction policy in the future. For example, private investment promotion programmes; Extending tax reduction incentives to insurance premiums related to medical savings accounts; Prevent the increase of family tax, permanently fix the tax reduction and exemption measures of 200 1 and 2003, and simplify tax laws and regulations; Restrict government expenditure; Implement fundamental reforms to make the national railway passenger transport company self-sufficient

The party platform also promised to make efforts to formulate energy policies that are conducive to increasing production and promoting conservation, taking into account the interests of oil and gas groups and the demands of environmental groups. For example, the party platform supports the elimination of unnecessary obstacles to domestic natural gas production and the establishment of a national Arctic wildlife sanctuary.

In addition, in terms of education, the party program inherited Bush's proposition in the State of the Union Address in June+10, 5438, and promised to reform middle schools and early education, and continue to strengthen primary school work according to the No Child Left Behind Act; Through diversified teacher qualification certification, it is convenient for professionals to take to the podium.

Thirdly, in the part of "Consolidating Our Society", the party program systematically expounds the reform measures of * * * and the party in medical care, which not only proposes to help small enterprises to handle medical insurance for their employees, but also provides medical insurance channels for individual operators, and reduces medical expenses through litigation reform, and also approves restrictions on stem cell research. At the same time, medical benefits from the elderly, women, veterans to children are also considered. Subsequently, it seems that the Party's program challenged the Democratic Party and put forward systematic environmental engineering measures, covering all specific issues such as protecting the environment, purifying the sky, protecting national parks and oceans, paying attention to climate change, and building new cities and rural areas. In terms of protecting the rights and interests of workers, the people's voting rights, the interests of vulnerable groups such as immigrants and AIDS patients, the party program is also full of colors. It seems to hold high the banner of "compassion" again to calm people's dissatisfaction with the "laissez-faire" social security policy since Bush took office and narrow the gap between Bush and Kerry in social security by about 10 percentage point.

Fourth, in the part of "protecting our homeland", * * * and the conservative values of the party are fully reflected in the party program. It not only emphasizes the protection of the family, considers marriage as "the most basic system in a civilized society", and acknowledges that the judicial judgment of homosexuality and the policies of some local governments pose a threat to marriage, but also supports amending the Constitution, prohibiting the legalization of gay marriage, and including the prohibition of abortion in the Constitution, in which the position of conservatives is in sharp contrast with the platform of the Democratic Party. In addition, it also opposes unrestricted open stem cell research, social welfare fund reform, illegal immigrant temporary worker program, federal license for gunmen and nationwide gun registration; Call for the abandonment of color, nationality and gender discrimination; Urging welfare recipients to find jobs; Commitment to double the funding for abstinence education and international counter-terrorism. , expounded the basic position on the above series of issues.

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The platforms of American political parties from 1840 to now can be downloaded from the following websites:

American Party Program _ American Presidential Project

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php