Western Europe and other countries are experiencing fewer elderly people and children. Choose a country to explain the negative impact of this phenomenon on its economic development and its countermea

Western Europe and other countries are experiencing fewer elderly people and children. Choose a country to explain the negative impact of this phenomenon on its economic development and its countermeasures. Germany is typical.

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According to the report of the Federal Statistical Office, Germany is the country with the most serious declining birthrate in Europe, and only 16.5% of the population of 8 1 10,000 is under the age of 18. Although the fertility rate is on the rise, Germany still lags far behind other European countries. The country with the highest fertility rate at present is Ireland.

Every woman in Germany has an average of 1.39 children. There is a big gap between the east and the west of Germany, with the fertility rate less than 1.39 in the west and rising to 1.45 in the east. The reproductive age of women has also changed. In 1990, 23-year-old women have the largest number of children. 20 10, this figure was postponed to 30 years old.

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negative impact

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The Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) warned that the German economy is facing great challenges from the labor market due to factors such as an aging population, and the growth rate may drop sharply in the next decade.

OECD released the German Economic Report 20 12 in Berlin. According to the report, in the long run, the average growth rate of the German economy will remain at a low level of 1.5%, and may even drop to 1% after ten years, mainly due to the rapid aging of the population and the subsequent decline in the number of potential laborers.

The researchers predict that during the period from 20 16 to 2025, the annual employment of OECD will increase by 0.5% on average, while the employment of Germany will decrease significantly during the same period. By the mid-1930s, the proportion of people under 5 years old and over 64 years old in Germany/KLOC-0 will rise from the current 5 1% to 74%.

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counter-measure

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At a news conference, the Secretary-General of the OECD, Angel Gurria, said that Germany needs structural reforms in the labor market, tax system and energy policy in order to remain rich in the future.

OECD economists demand that the German government carry out reforms, increase the number of employed people, and obtain professionals by letting more women work full-time and extending the retirement age. Therefore, Germany needs to reform its tax and social security system. For example, reduce the tax incentives for single-worker families and invest in the establishment of first-class and cheap kindergartens.

Gurria said that Germany's economic growth rate is expected to be only 0.4% this year, but it will reach 65,438+0.9% in 2065,438+03. The pillars of Germany's economic growth in the future are strengthening domestic demand and improving labor potential. OECD suggested that Germany relax the harsh regulations on architects, lawyers and other service industries, not only directly subsidize them, but also promote scientific research and development through tax reduction and exemption.