The Origin and Establishment of Canada

The earliest inhabitants of Canada were Indians who crossed the Bering Strait from Northeast Asia to America in ancient times. /kloc-in the 6th century, the population reached 200,000. Most of them make a living by hunting and fishing, using stone tools and making clothes out of animal skins. Some people are semi-settled residents, engaged in agricultural production.

10- 1 1 century, northern Europeans crossed the sea from Greenland to the coast of Newfoundland. 16th century is the century of explorers. In order to find gold and the northwest passage to Asia, many navigators set sail in North America and explored the Atlantic coast from south to north, which opened the curtain of the new continent of North America. 1534, French navigators explored the east coast of Canada many times and called this area "New France". They went to St. Lawrence Bay and went upstream along the St. Lawrence River. Today, they arrived in Quebec and Montreal, opening the way to the interior of Canada.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, Europeans began to colonize Canada. 1603- l608, the French established their residence in the Bay of Fundy and Quebec city in the St. Lawrence River basin. New France gradually developed into a fur trading base. 1663, the new French colony became a province of France. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, the Louisiana colony with New Orleans as the center was established from Hudson Bay in the north, the Great Lakes in the west and the mouth of the Mississippi River in the south. French fur traders, explorers and missionaries also went deep into the western region.

At the same time, in the17th century, Britain and France launched a struggle for Canada. 1670, Britain occupied Newfoundland and declared its sovereignty and trade monopoly over Hudson Bay and its surrounding areas. French territory in the St. Lawrence River valley was attacked from the south and the north. After the Spanish war of succession to the throne (1700- 17 13), the Hudson Bay area, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia belonged to Britain. 1759- 1760, Britain occupied Quebec and Montreal. 1763 After the seven-year war between Britain and France, the Paris Peace Treaty was signed, the new French colony was handed over to Britain, and Canada became a British colony. 1793 A. Mackenzie, a Scottish immigrant and explorer, crossed the Rocky Mountains along the Pisces River and reached the Pacific coast, completing his first transcontinental expedition. /kloc-In the first half of the 0/9th century, the number of British immigrants to Canada surged and the colonial economy changed.

From 65438 to 0837, a small-scale armed uprising broke out in Canada, forcing the British authorities to carry out reforms. The initial development of capitalist industry and commerce. The excavation of canals and the construction of railways have integrated the economies of isolated areas in the east. And began to emigrate to the midwest and the Pacific coast. 19 In the 1950s and 1960s, Canada entered a period of seeking unity and striving for autonomy with the support of Britain. 1867, the British Parliament passed the British North America Act, and Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick jointly established the Canadian Autonomous Party and became a federal state. During this period, Canada formed two major political parties: the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party. 1870, the Canadian Autonomous Party obtained the land ownership in the west and northwest from Britain at the cost of 300,000 pounds and part of the land, and successively established Manetho, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Northwest and Yukon. 187 1 and 1873, British Columbia and Prince Edward Island joined the Commonwealth. So far, except Newfoundland, half of the North American continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean has been unified within the Canadian Autonomous Party, and the British government handed over the Arctic Islands to Canada on 1880.

/kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, the transcontinental railway trunk line was built, and the national transportation auxiliary network with railways as the main body began to take shape. A large number of immigrants moved to the west, large areas of land were reclaimed, and the number of farms soared, making the western grassland one of the largest barns in the world. New mineral resources have been discovered one after another, and modern industrial sectors such as mining, electric power, steel, railway equipment and agricultural machinery have been developed. A number of new cities have emerged, and Montreal and Toronto have become the economic and cultural centers of the country. Canadian capitalism has entered a period of rapid development.

Canada declared war on Germany during the two world wars. World War II weakened Britain's control over Canada. 193 1 year, Canada gained complete independence within the Commonwealth. 1949 Britain handed Newfoundland to Canada. 1949, Canada joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

After the war, Canada's economy developed rapidly, and its average import GDP ranked third in the world from 65438 to 0970. From 1976, he participated in the economic summit of major western capitalist countries and became one of the seven western countries. 1982, the Canadian Constitution Act replaced the British North America Act and became the Canadian Constitution.